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【MySQL】视图特性详解

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📢本文由 JohnKi 原创，首发于 CSDN🙉
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在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

文章目录

📢前言

视图是一个虚拟表，其内容由查询定义。同真实的表一样，视图包含一系列带有名称的列和行数据。视图的数据变化会影响到基表，基表的数据变化也会影响到视图

🏳️‍🌈1 基本使用

创建视图

create view 视图名 as select语句

案例

  • 假设我们现在有两个表如下
mysql> select * from emp;
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno  | ename  | job       | mgr  | hiredate            | sal     | comm    | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 007369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
| 007521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
| 007566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
| 007698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
| 007782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
| 007788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
| 007844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 00:00:00 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
| 007876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
| 007902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| deptno | dname      | loc      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 一般来说，如果我们需要将两个表合并起来打印，就需要使用内连接
mysql> select * from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| empno  | ename  | job       | mgr  | hiredate            | sal     | comm    | deptno | deptno | dname      | loc      |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
| 007369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| 007499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| 007521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| 007566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| 007654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| 007698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| 007782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 007788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| 007839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 007844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 00:00:00 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| 007876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| 007900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
| 007902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
| 007934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+--------+------------+----------+
14 rows in set (0.02 sec)

  • 但是这样做有一点不好 - 即如果这个联合起来的表需要经常用到，就难操作，需要不断内联

  • 因此我们可以使用 视图 将这个常用到的表直接构造出来

mysql> create view myview as select ename, dname from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

// 出现了名为 myview 的视图
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_scott |
+-----------------+
| dept            |
| emp             |
| exam            |
| msg             |
| myview          |
| salgrade        |
| stu             |
| tmp             |
+-----------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from myview;
+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |
| WARD   | SALES      |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| MARTIN | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | SALES      |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| JAMES  | SALES      |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 构造视图后，还可以通过改视图来改表
// 我们改视图的内容，作为视图数据来源的数据表的内容也跟着变了
mysql> update myview set ename = 'smith' where ename = 'SMITH';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from myview;
+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| smith  | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |
| WARD   | SALES      |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| MARTIN | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | SALES      |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| JAMES  | SALES      |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp;
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno  | ename  | job       | mgr  | hiredate            | sal     | comm    | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 007369 | smith  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
| 007521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
| 007566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
| 007698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
| 007782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
| 007788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
| 007844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 00:00:00 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
| 007876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
| 007902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
| 007934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 也可以通过改表来改视图
mysql> update dept set dname = 'accounting' where deptno = 30;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| deptno | dname      | loc      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | accounting | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from myview;
+--------+------------+
| ename  | dname      |
+--------+------------+
| smith  | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | accounting |
| WARD   | accounting |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |
| MARTIN | accounting |
| BLAKE  | accounting |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | accounting |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |
| JAMES  | accounting |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  • 删除视图

drop view 视图名

mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_scott |
+-----------------+
| dept            |
| emp             |
| exam            |
| msg             |
| myview          |
| salgrade        |
| stu             |
| tmp             |
+-----------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table myview;
ERROR 1051 (42S02): Unknown table 'scott.myview'
mysql> drop view myview;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_scott |
+-----------------+
| dept            |
| emp             |
| exam            |
| msg             |
| salgrade        |
| stu             |
| tmp             |
+-----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

🏳️‍🌈2 视图规则和限制

  • 与表一样，必须唯一命名（不能出现同名视图或表名）
  • 创建视图数目无限制，但要考虑复杂查询创建为视图之后的性能影响
  • 视图不能添加索引，也不能有关联的触发器或者默认值
  • 视图可以提高安全性，必须具有足够的访问权限
  • order by 可以用在视图中，但是如果从该视图检索数据 select 中也含有 order by ,那么该视图中的 order by 将被覆盖
  • 视图可以和表一起使用

👥总结

本篇博文对 【MySQL】视图特性详解 做了一个较为详细的介绍，不知道对你有没有帮助呢

觉得博主写得还不错的三连支持下吧！会继续努力的~

请添加图片描述

悦读

道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 无名，天地之始，有名，万物之母。 故常无欲，以观其妙，常有欲，以观其徼。 此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。

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