一、素材准备
1. 创建一个干净环境的虚拟机 -- 192.168.46.120 openEuler 2
2. linux 在线安装MySQL
a. 查看本地MySQL安装列表，选择安装版本
[root@openEuler ~]# yum list | grep -i "^mysql" mysql.src 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update-source mysql.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-common.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-config.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:8.0.30-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql-connector-java.src 1:8.0.30-1.oe2203sp4 source mysql-debuginfo.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-debugsource.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-devel.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-errmsg.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-help.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-libs.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-selinux.noarch 1.0.0-2.oe2203sp4 everything mysql-selinux.src 1.0.0-2.oe2203sp4 source mysql-server.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql-test.x86_64 8.0.40-1.oe2203sp4 update mysql5.src 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 source mysql5.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-common.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-debuginfo.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 debuginfo mysql5-debugsource.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 debuginfo mysql5-devel.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-embedded.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-errmsg.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-libs.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-server.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything mysql5-test.x86_64 5.7.44-1.oe2203sp4 everything选择 mysql-server.x86_64 进行安装。
b. 进行安装
[root@openEuler ~]# dnf install -y mysql-server.x86_64
安装成功！！！
c. 启动该服务，登录即可
[root@openEuler ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service [root@openEuler ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.40 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>3. 在MySQL里进行创建数据库、表及数据的操作
mysql> create database school; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> use school Database changed mysql> CREATE TABLE `Student` ( -> `Sno` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号', `Sname` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名', -> `Ssex` char(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '性别', `Sage` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '学生年龄', -> `Sdept` varchar(16) DEFAULT 'NULL' COMMENT '学生所在系别', PRIMARY KEY (`Sno`) -> ) ; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.09 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO `Student` VALUES (1, '陆亚', '男', 24, '计算机网络'),(2, 'tom', '男', 26, '英语'),(3, '张阳', '男', 21, '物流管理'), (4, 'alex', '女', 22, '电子商务'); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0创建成功，环境完成！！
二、实验步骤
1. 创建文件夹mysqlbak，用来存放实验的备份。
[root@openEuler ~]# mkdir mysqlbak [root@openEuler ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg mysqlbak [root@openEuler ~]# cd mysqlbak/ [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# ^C [root@openEuler mysqlbak]#2. 完全备份 --- 对school里的数据进行完全备份。
[root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysqldump --opt -B school > school.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# ls school.sql3. 插入数据
mysql> INSERT INTO Student values(0005,'xumubin','男',29,'中文专业'),(0006,'wangzhao',' 男',21,'导弹专业'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from Student; +-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+ | 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 | | 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 | | 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 | | 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 | | 5 | xumubin | 男 | 29 | 中文专业 | | 6 | wangzhao | 男 | 21 | 导弹专业 | +-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>4. 查看binlog是否开启
# 方法一 [root@openEuler ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1591 Jan 16 13:43 binlog.000001 --- 表示已经开启 # 方法二 mysql> show variables like "%log%"; | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /var/lib/mysql/binlog |5. 模拟数据损坏
mysql> drop database school; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
6. 刷新日志并保存
mysql> flush logs; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | Encrypted | +---------------+-----------+-----------+ | binlog.000001 | 1822 | No | | binlog.000002 | 157 | No | +---------------+-----------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql># 拷贝，即日志保存，防止日志再次受到破坏。-- 完全备份 # 方法一 [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# cp /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000001 . [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# ls binlog.000001 school.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# # 方法二 mysql> system cp /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000001 /mysqlbak7. 查看二进制日志
使用mysqlbinlog进行查看 #注意5.7版本，insert语句已经加密，默认看不到，查看时加上选项 --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv8. 还原数据
a. 基于时间点增量恢复
[root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 --start-datetime="2025-01-16 11:57:32" --stop-datetime="2025-01-16 12:00:08" > time1.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# ls binlog.000001 school.sql time1.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# #还原完全备份 # 方法一 [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysql < school.sql # 方法二 mysql> source /mysqlbak/school.sql mysql> select * from school.Student; +-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+ | 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 | | 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 | | 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 | | 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 | +-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) 还原增量备份 mysql> source /mysqlbak/time1.sql mysql> select * from school.Student; +-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+ | 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 | | 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 | | 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 | | 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 | | 5 | xumubin | 男 | 29 | 中文专业 | | 6 | wangzhao | 男 | 21 | 导弹专业 | +-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)b. 基于位置点恢复
[root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 --start-position=1236 --stop-position=1591 -r pos1.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# ls binlog.000001 pos1.sql school.sql time1.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysql < school.sql [root@openEuler mysqlbak]# mysql < pos1.sql
实验到此结束！！！