在Spring Boot项目中，对控制器进行单元测试是确保代码质量和功能正确性的重要环节。本文将通过一个具体的例子，展示如何使用Spring的MockMvc框架来测试处理PATCH请求的控制器。

1. 示例项目结构
   假设我们有一个简单的Spring Boot项目，其中包含一个ArticleController，用于处理与文章相关的PATCH请求。以下是控制器的代码：
   java复制
   @Controller
   @RequestMapping(“/articles”)
   public class ArticleController {
   @Autowired
   private ArticleService articleService;

   // 处理JSON和XML格式的PATCH请求
   @PatchMapping(“/{id}”)
   @ResponseBody
   public String patchArticle(@RequestBody Article article) {
   System.out.println("Article updating in controller: " + article);
   articleService.updateArticle(article.getId(), article.getContent());
   return "Article updated with content: " + article.getContent();
   }

   // 处理x-www-form-urlencoded格式的PATCH请求
   @PatchMapping(value = “/{id}”, consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
   @ResponseBody
   public String patchArticle(@RequestBody MultiValueMap<String, String> formParams) {
   System.out.println(formParams);
   long id = Long.parseLong(formParams.getFirst(“id”));
   String content = formParams.getFirst(“content”);
   articleService.updateArticle(id, content);
   return "Article updated with content: " + content;
   }
   }

2. 测试环境配置
   为了进行单元测试，我们需要配置测试环境。以下是相关的配置代码：
   java复制
   @EnableWebMvc
   @Configuration
   @ComponentScan
   public class MyWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
   }

3. 单元测试代码
   我们将分别测试处理XML、JSON和x-www-form-urlencoded格式的PATCH请求。以下是测试代码：
   3.1 测试XML格式的PATCH请求
   java复制
   @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
   @WebAppConfiguration
   @ContextConfiguration(classes = MyWebConfig.class)
   public class ControllerPatchTests {
   @Autowired
   private WebApplicationContext wac;
   private MockMvc mockMvc;

   @Before
   public void setUp() {
   mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
   }

   @Test
   public void testXmlController() throws Exception {
   long id = 1;
   String content = “new updated content”;
   MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
   MockMvcRequestBuilders.patch(“/articles/” + id)
   .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE)
   .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)
   .characterEncoding(“UTF-8”)
   .content(getArticleInXml(id, content));
   this.mockMvc.perform(builder)
   .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
   .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("Article updated with content: " + content))
   .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
   }

   private String getArticleInXml(long id, String content) {
   return “

   ” + id + “” + content + “
   ”;
   }
   }
   3.2 测试JSON格式的PATCH请求
   java复制
   @Test
   public void testJsonController() throws Exception {
   long id = 1;
   String content = “new updated content”;
   MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
   MockMvcRequestBuilders.patch(“/articles/” + id)
   .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
   .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
   .characterEncoding(“UTF-8”)
   .content(getArticleInJson(id, content));
   this.mockMvc.perform(builder)
   .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
   .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("Article updated with content: " + content))
   .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
   }

private String getArticleInJson(long id, String content) {
return “{“id”:”" + id + “”, “content”:“” + content + “”}“;
}
3.3 测试x-www-form-urlencoded格式的PATCH请求
java复制
@Test
public void testFormParamController() throws Exception {
String id = “1”;
String content = “new updated content”;
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder =
MockMvcRequestBuilders.patch(”/articles/" + id)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
.characterEncoding(“UTF-8”)
.content(“id=” + id + “&content=” + content);
this.mockMvc.perform(builder)
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("Article updated with content: " + content))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
}
4. 测试结果
运行上述测试代码后，MockMvc会模拟发送PATCH请求，并验证响应状态码和内容是否符合预期。以下是测试结果的示例输出：
测试XML请求的输出
复制
Article updating in controller: Article{id=1, content=‘new updated content’}
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = PATCH
Request URI = /articles/1
Parameters = {}
Headers = {Content-Type=[application/xml;charset=UTF-8], Accept=[application/xml]}
Body =