ERA5 数据集介绍
ERA5数据集大家庭
ERA5
ERA5是一种综合性的再分析数据,ECMWF的Integrated Forecast System (IFS)的4D-Var data assimilation 和 CY41R2 模型预报产生的。ERA5数据集包含一个高分辨率(hourly,31km,0.2815degrees,“HRES”)和一个分辨率降低的十个集合(hourly,63km,0.5625degrees,“EDA”)。ERA5大气模型与陆面模型和波浪模型耦合,支持1979-至今的实时数据。
两种数据访问方式
1、通过C3S气候数据存储(CDS:https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/home)访问ERA5数据集。(推荐)
2、通过ECMWF MARS ERA5 types访问。
完整的ERA5和ERA5T数据集保存在ECMWF数据档案(MARS)中。
数据类型
1、GRIB2格式-模型级别字段
2、GRIB1格式-其他级别字段
数据细分的三个关键词
1、stream
oper (HRES sub-daily)
wave (HRES sub-daily, for waves)
mnth (HRES synoptic monthly means, ie by hour of day)
moda (HRES monthly means of daily means)
wamo (HRES synoptic monthly means, ie by hour of day, for waves)
wamd (HRES monthly means of daily means, for waves)
enda (EDA sub-daily)
ewda (EDA sub-daily, for waves)
edmm (EDA synoptic monthly means, ie by hour of day)
edmo (EDA monthly means of daily means)
ewmm (EDA synoptic monthly means, ie by hour of day, for waves)
ewmo (EDA monthly means of daily means, for waves)
2、type
an: analyses
fc: forecasts
em: ensemble mean
es: ensemble standard deviation
3、Levtype
sfc: surface or single level
pl: pressure levels
pt: potential temperature levels
pv: potential vorticity level
ml: model levels
月平均值的两种形式
1、Synoptic monthly means, for each particular time and forecast step (stream=mnth/wamo/edmm/ewmm) - in the CDS, referred to as “monthly averaged by hour of day”.
2、Monthly means (of daily means, stream=moda/wamd/edmo/ewmo) for the month as a whole - in the CDS, referred to as “monthly averaged”. These monthly means are created from all the hourly (3 hourly for the ensemble) data in the month.
注意:
ERA5T为初始发布数据(即实时数据不超过三个月的数据)。
用作ERA5输入的观测值
1、卫星观测
2、就地观测(https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/WIS/)
ERA5.1
ERA5.1是ERA5在运行结果,仅适用于2000-2006的数据,其产生是为了改善ERA5在此期间明显降低的平流层冷偏压力。
ERA5-Land
ERA5-Land是地表数据集,适用于1981年至今,以更高的分辨率(9公里)生成,并受到ERA5大气参数的强迫,并经过了失误率校正,但没有其他数据同化。