Rust学习笔记_06——控制流(2)
Rust学习笔记_07——枚举和范围
Rust学习笔记_08——String

Matching Values

1. 介绍

Rust的模式匹配主要通过match表达式来实现，它可以与多种模式进行匹配，并根据匹配到的模式执行相应的代码块。在模式匹配中，匹配值（Matching Values）是指match表达式中被检查的变量或表达式的值。

let x = 1;

match x {
    pattern1 => {
        // 当x匹配pattern1时执行的代码
    }
    pattern2 => {
        // 当x匹配pattern2时执行的代码
    }
    // 可以有更多的模式
    _ => {
        // 当x不匹配任何前面的模式时执行的代码（也称为"通配符"模式）
    }
}

2. 匹配字面量

let number = 1;

match number {
    1 => println!("One"),
    2 => println!("Two"),
    3 => println!("Three"),
    _ => println!("Something else"),
}

3. 匹配枚举

enum Message {
    Quit,
    Move { x: i32, y: i32 },
    Write(String),
    ChangeColor(i32, i32, i32),
}

let msg = Message::ChangeColor(255, 0, 0);

match msg {
    Message::Quit => println!("Quit the game"),
    Message::Move { x, y } => println!("Move to position ({}, {})", x, y),
    Message::Write(text) => println!("Write: {}", text),
    Message::ChangeColor(r, g, b) => println!("Change color to RGB({}, {}, {})", r, g, b),
}

4. 匹配范围

let number = 50;

match number {
    0...9   => println!("0-9"),
    10...19 => println!("10-19"),
    20...49 => println!("20-49"),
    50...99 => println!("50-99"),
    _       => println!("100+"),
}

5. 匹配守卫

let number = 10;

match number {
    n if n < 20 => println!("less than 20"),
    n if n >= 20 && n < 100 => println!("between 20 and 99"),
    _ => println!("100 or greater"),
}

6. 匹配绑定值

let point = (3, 4);

match point {
    (0, 0) => println!("Origin"),
    (x, 0) => println!("On the x-axis at {}", x),
    (0, y) => println!("On the y-axis at {}", y),
    (x, y) => println!("At position ({}, {})", x, y),
}