C#操作Excel初探
最近一段时间正好在做winform导出Excel报表的问题，学习了一下C#操作Excel的一些方法（如：向Excel中插入图片；删除Excel指定sheet中的某行或某列，在Excel指定的单元格中画线等）
一、添加引用
添加com组件（Microsoft Office 11.0 Object Library ）命名空间为Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
添加Excel.exe引用默认路径为C:/Program Files/Microsoft Office/OFFICE11/Excel.exe
二、Excel控制类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
namespace ExcelOperation
{
public class ExcelControl
{
private Excel.Application m_objExcel = null;
private Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks = null;
private Excel._Workbook m_objBook = null;
private Excel.Sheets m_objSheets = null;
private Excel._Worksheet m_objSheet = null;
private Excel.Range m_objRange = null;
private object m_objOpt = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
/// <summary>
/// 打开没有模板的操作。
/// </summary>
public void Open()
{
this.Open(String.Empty);
}
/// <summary>
/// 功能：实现Excel应用程序的打开
/// </summary>
/// <param name="TemplateFilePath">模板文件物理路径</param>
public void Open(string TemplateFilePath)
{
//打开对象
m_objExcel = new Excel.Application();
m_objExcel.Visible = false;
m_objExcel.DisplayAlerts = false;
if (m_objExcel.Version != "11.0")
{
MessageBox.Show("您的 Excel 版本不是 11.0 （Office 2003），操作可能会出现问题。");
m_objExcel.Quit();
return;
}
m_objBooks = (Excel.Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
if (TemplateFilePath.Equals(String.Empty))
{
m_objBook = (Excel._Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(m_objOpt));
}
else
{
m_objBook = m_objBooks.Open(TemplateFilePath, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt,
m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
}
m_objSheets = (Excel.Sheets)m_objBook.Worksheets;
m_objSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(1));
m_objExcel.WorkbookBeforeClose += new Excel.AppEvents_WorkbookBeforeCloseEventHandler(m_objExcel_WorkbookBeforeClose);
}
private void m_objExcel_WorkbookBeforeClose(Excel.Workbook m_objBooks, ref bool _Cancel)
{
MessageBox.Show("保存完毕！");
}
/// <summary>
/// 将图片插入到指定的单元格位置。
/// 注意：图片必须是绝对物理路径
/// </summary>
/// <param name="RangeName">单元格名称，例如：B4</param>
/// <param name="PicturePath">要插入图片的绝对路径。</param>
public void InsertPicture(string RangeName, string PicturePath)
{
m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(RangeName, m_objOpt);
m_objRange.Select();
Excel.Pictures pics = (Excel.Pictures)m_objSheet.Pictures(m_objOpt);
pics.Insert(PicturePath, m_objOpt);
}
/// <summary>
/// 将图片插入到指定的单元格位置，并设置图片的宽度和高度。
/// 注意：图片必须是绝对物理路径
/// </summary>
/// <param name="RangeName">单元格名称，例如：B4</param>
/// <param name="PicturePath">要插入图片的绝对路径。</param>
/// <param name="PictuteWidth">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的宽度。</param>
/// <param name="PictureHeight">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的高度。</param>
public void InsertPicture(string RangeName, string PicturePath, float PictuteWidth, float PictureHeight)
{
m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(RangeName, m_objOpt);
m_objRange.Select();
float PicLeft, PicTop;
PicLeft = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Left);
PicTop = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Top);
//参数含义：
//图片路径
//是否链接到文件
//图片插入时是否随文档一起保存
//图片在文档中的坐标位置（单位：points）
//图片显示的宽度和高度（单位：points）
//参数详细信息参见：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/aa221765(office.11).aspx
m_objSheet.Shapes.AddPicture(PicturePath, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse,
Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, PicLeft, PicTop, PictuteWidth, PictureHeight);
}
/// <summary>
/// 将图片填充到Excel中的某个或某些单元格中
/// 注意：图片必须是绝对物理路径
/// </summary>
/// <param name="RangeName">单元格名称，例如：B4</param>
/// <param name="PicturePath">要插入图片的绝对路径。</param>
/// <param name="PictuteWidth">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的宽度。</param>
/// <param name="PictureHeight">插入后，图片在Excel中显示的高度。</param>
/// <summary>
/// 将图片填充到Excel中的某个或某些单元格中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="BeginRangeName">插入的开始单元格</param>
/// <param name="EndRangeName">插入的结束单元格</param>
/// <param name="PicturePath">插入图片的绝对物理路径</param>
/// <param name="IsMergeCells">是否合并上面的单元格</param>
public void InsertPicture(string BeginRangeName,string EndRangeName, string PicturePath,bool IsMergeCells)
{
m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, EndRangeName);
//计算单元格的宽和高
float PictuteWidth, PictureHeight;
PictuteWidth = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Width);
PictureHeight = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Height);
if (IsMergeCells)
{
//合并单元格
m_objRange.Merge(System.Reflection.Missing.Value);
m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, BeginRangeName);
}
m_objRange.Select();
float PicLeft, PicTop;
PicLeft = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Left);
PicTop = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Top);
//参数含义：
//图片路径
//是否链接到文件
//图片插入时是否随文档一起保存
//图片在文档中的坐标位置（单位：points）
//图片显示的宽度和高度（单位：points）
//参数详细信息参见：http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/aa221765(office.11).aspx
m_objSheet.Shapes.AddPicture(PicturePath, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse,
Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, PicLeft, PicTop, PictuteWidth, PictureHeight);
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="BeginRangeName"></param>
/// <param name="EndRangeName"></param>
/// <param name="IsMergeCells"></param>
public void InsertLine(string BeginRangeName, string EndRangeName, bool IsMergeCells)
{
m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, EndRangeName);
//计算单元格的宽和高
float PictureWidth, PictureHeight;
PictureWidth = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Width);
PictureHeight = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Height);
if (IsMergeCells)
{
//合并单元格
m_objRange.Merge(System.Reflection.Missing.Value);
m_objRange = m_objSheet.get_Range(BeginRangeName, BeginRangeName);
}
m_objRange.Select();
float PicLeft, PicTop;
PicLeft = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Left);
PicTop = Convert.ToSingle(m_objRange.Top);
//参数含义：
//线的起点(X,Y)
//线的终点(X,Y)
m_objSheet.Shapes.AddLine(PicLeft,PicTop,PicLeft + PictureWidth,PicTop +PictureHeight);
}
/// <summary>
/// 将Excel文件保存到指定的目录，目录必须事先存在，文件名称不一定要存在。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="OutputFilePath">要保存成的文件的全路径。</param>
public void SaveFile(string OutputFilePath)
{
m_objBook.SaveAs(OutputFilePath, m_objOpt, m_objOpt,
m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange,
m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
this.Close();
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭应用程序
/// </summary>
private void Close()
{
m_objBook.Close(false, m_objOpt, m_objOpt);
m_objExcel.Quit();
}
/// <summary>
/// 释放所引用的COM对象。注意：这个过程一定要执行。
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
ReleaseObj(m_objSheets);
ReleaseObj(m_objBook);
ReleaseObj(m_objBooks);
ReleaseObj(m_objExcel);
System.GC.Collect();
System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
}
/// <summary>
/// 释放对象，内部调用
/// </summary>
/// <param name="o"></param>
private void ReleaseObj(object o)
{
try
{
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(o);
}
catch { }
finally { o = null; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除指定sheet下的指定行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="SheetIndex">sheet索引</param>
/// <param name="DeleteRowIndex">行索引</param>
public void DeleteRow(int SheetIndex, int DeleteRowIndex)
{
m_objSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(SheetIndex));
m_objRange = (Excel.Range)m_objSheet.Rows[DeleteRowIndex, System.Reflection.Missing.Value];
m_objRange.EntireRow.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlToRight);
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除指定sheet下的指定列
/// </summary>
/// <param name="SheetIndex">sheet索引</param>
/// <param name="DeleteColumnIndex">列索引</param>
public void DeleteColumn(int SheetIndex, int DeleteColumnIndex)
{
m_objSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)(m_objSheets.get_Item(SheetIndex));
m_objRange = (Excel.Range)m_objSheet.Columns[DeleteColumnIndex, System.Reflection.Missing.Value];
m_objRange.EntireColumn.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown);
}
}
}
三、Excel操作方法调用
1.插入图片和线调用
PictureInExcel ipt = new PictureInExcel();
ipt.Open();
//ipt.InsertPicture("B2", @"C:/www.jpg");
//ipt.InsertPicture("B8", @"C:/www.jpg", 1000, 800);
ipt.InsertPicture("B2","F8", @"C:/www.jpg",true);
ipt.InsertLine("B9", "F15", true);
ipt.InsertPicture("B16", "F22", @"C:/www.jpg", false);
ipt.InsertLine("B23", "F29", false);
ipt.SaveFile(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
ipt.Dispose();
2.删除行方法调用
PictureInExcel ipt = new PictureInExcel();
ipt.Open(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
ipt.DeleteRow(1,1);
ipt.SaveFile(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
ipt.Dispose();
3.删除列方法调用
PictureInExcel ipt = new PictureInExcel();
ipt.Open(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
ipt.DeleteColumn(1, 1);
ipt.SaveFile(@"C:/ExcelTest.xls");
ipt.Dispose();
四、参考资料
孟子E章的 《C#向Excel报表中插入图片的2种方法》等