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Anaconda 安装第三方库失败的解决办法

 

本地环境：

Windows 10，Anaconda Python 3.6.3

      一般，对于 Python中安装第三方库：若Python是通过Anaconda安装的最好用conda命令来安装第三方库；能用conda用conda，不能用conda则用pip命令；有一些库不论conda和pip都无法直接安装，只能下载whl文件再安装了。

今天安装Scrapy遇到的情况：

1：异常现象

1：Windows命令行通过pip和conda安装：

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.10240]
(c) 2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\DELL>pip list
DEPRECATION: The default format will switch to columns in the future. You can use --format=(legacy|columns) (or define a format=(legacy|columns) in your pip.conf under the [list] section) to disable this warning.
alabaster (0.7.10)
anaconda-client (1.6.5)
anaconda-navigator (1.6.9)
anaconda-project (0.8.0)
asn1crypto (0.22.0)
astroid (1.5.3)
astropy (2.0.2)
babel (2.5.0)
backports.shutil-get-terminal-size (1.0.0)
beautifulsoup4 (4.6.0)
bitarray (0.8.1)
bkcharts (0.2)
blaze (0.11.3)
bleach (1.5.0)
bokeh (0.12.10)
boto (2.48.0)
Bottleneck (1.2.1)
CacheControl (0.12.3)
certifi (2017.7.27.1)
cffi (1.10.0)
chardet (3.0.4)
click (6.7)
cloudpickle (0.4.0)
clyent (1.2.2)
colorama (0.3.9)
comtypes (1.1.2)
conda (4.3.30)
conda-build (3.0.27)
conda-verify (2.0.0)
contextlib2 (0.5.5)
cryptography (2.0.3)
cx-Freeze (5.1)
cycler (0.10.0)
Cython (0.26.1)
cytoolz (0.8.2)
dask (0.15.3)
datashape (0.5.4)
decorator (4.1.2)
defusedxml (0.5.0)
distlib (0.2.5)
distributed (1.19.1)
docutils (0.14)
entrypoints (0.2.3)
enum34 (1.1.6)
et-xmlfile (1.0.1)
fastcache (1.0.2)
filelock (2.0.12)
Flask (0.12.2)
Flask-Cors (3.0.3)
gevent (1.2.2)
glob2 (0.5)
greenlet (0.4.12)
h5py (2.7.0)
heapdict (1.0.0)
html5lib (0.9999999)
idna (2.6)
imageio (2.2.0)
imagesize (0.7.1)
ipykernel (4.6.1)
ipython (6.1.0)
ipython-genutils (0.2.0)
ipywidgets (7.0.0)
isort (4.2.15)
itsdangerous (0.24)
jdcal (1.3)
jedi (0.10.2)
Jinja2 (2.9.6)
jsonschema (2.6.0)
jupyter-client (5.1.0)
jupyter-console (5.2.0)
jupyter-core (4.3.0)
jupyterlab (0.27.0)
jupyterlab-launcher (0.4.0)
lazy-object-proxy (1.3.1)
llvmlite (0.20.0)
locket (0.2.0)
lockfile (0.12.2)
lxml (4.2.3)
Markdown (2.6.11)
MarkupSafe (1.0)
matplotlib (2.1.0)
mccabe (0.6.1)
menuinst (1.4.10)
mistune (0.7.4)
mpmath (0.19)
msgpack-python (0.4.8)
multipledispatch (0.4.9)
navigator-updater (0.1.0)
nbconvert (5.3.1)
nbformat (4.4.0)
networkx (2.0)
nltk (3.2.4)
nose (1.3.7)
notebook (5.0.0)
numba (0.35.0+10.g143f70e)
numexpr (2.6.2)
numpy (1.13.3)
numpydoc (0.7.0)
odo (0.5.1)
olefile (0.44)
openpyxl (2.4.8)
packaging (16.8)
pandas (0.20.3)
pandocfilters (1.4.2)
partd (0.3.8)
path.py (10.3.1)
pathlib2 (2.3.0)
patsy (0.4.1)
pep8 (1.7.0)
pickleshare (0.7.4)
Pillow (4.2.1)
pip (9.0.1)
pkginfo (1.4.1)
ply (3.10)
progress (1.3)
prompt-toolkit (1.0.15)
protobuf (3.5.1)
psutil (5.4.0)
py (1.4.34)
Py3AMF (0.8.7)
pycodestyle (2.3.1)
pycosat (0.6.2)
pycparser (2.18)
pycrypto (2.6.1)
pycurl (7.43.0)
pyflakes (1.6.0)
Pygments (2.2.0)
pylint (1.7.4)
pyodbc (4.0.17)
pyOpenSSL (17.2.0)
pyparsing (2.2.0)
PyPDF2 (1.26.0)
PySocks (1.6.7)
pytest (3.2.1)
python-dateutil (2.6.1)
pytz (2017.2)
PyWavelets (0.5.2)
pywin32 (221)
PyYAML (3.12)
pyzmq (16.0.2)
QtAwesome (0.4.4)
qtconsole (4.3.1)
QtPy (1.3.1)
reportlab (3.4.0)
requests (2.18.4)
rope (0.10.5)
ruamel-yaml (0.11.14)
scikit-image (0.13.0)
scikit-learn (0.19.1)
scipy (0.19.1)
seaborn (0.8)
setuptools (36.5.0.post20170921)
simplegeneric (0.8.1)
singledispatch (3.4.0.3)
six (1.11.0)
snowballstemmer (1.2.1)
sortedcollections (0.5.3)
sortedcontainers (1.5.7)
Sphinx (1.6.3)
sphinxcontrib-websupport (1.0.1)
spyder (3.2.4)
SQLAlchemy (1.1.13)
statsmodels (0.8.0)
sympy (1.1.1)
tables (3.4.2)
tblib (1.3.2)
tensorflow (1.4.0)
tensorflow-tensorboard (0.4.0rc3)
testpath (0.3.1)
tinify (1.5.1)
toolz (0.8.2)
tornado (4.5.2)
traitlets (4.3.2)
typing (3.6.2)
unicodecsv (0.14.1)
urllib3 (1.22)
wcwidth (0.1.7)
webencodings (0.5.1)
Werkzeug (0.12.2)
wheel (0.29.0)
widgetsnbextension (3.0.2)
win-inet-pton (1.0.1)
win-unicode-console (0.5)
wincertstore (0.2)
wrapt (1.10.11)
xlrd (1.1.0)
XlsxWriter (1.0.2)
xlwings (0.11.4)
xlwt (1.3.0)
zict (0.1.3)

C:\Users\DELL>pip install scrapy
Collecting scrapy
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 335, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 749, in build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file
    require_hashes
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 465, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 568, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 683, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 811, in get_page
    inst = cls(resp.content, resp.url, resp.headers)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 731, in __init__
    namespaceHTMLElements=False,
TypeError: parse() got an unexpected keyword argument 'transport_encoding'

C:\Users\DELL>conda install -c scrapinghub scrapy
Fetching package metadata ...............
Solving package specifications: .

Package plan for installation in environment D:\AppData\Anaconda3:

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

    appdirs:          1.4.3-py36_0
    attrs:            18.1.0-py36_0
    automat:          0.7.0-py36_0
    constantly:       15.1.0-py36_0
    cssselect:        1.0.3-py36_0
    hyperlink:        18.0.0-py36_0
    incremental:      17.5.0-py36he5b1da3_0
    parsel:           1.4.0-py36_0
    pyasn1:           0.4.3-py36_0
    pyasn1-modules:   0.2.2-py36_0
    pydispatcher:     2.0.5-py36_0
    pytest-runner:    4.2-py36_0
    queuelib:         1.5.0-py36_0
    scrapy:           1.5.0-py36_0
    service_identity: 17.0.0-py36_0
    twisted:          18.4.0-py36hfa6e2cd_0
    w3lib:            1.19.0-py36_0
    zope:             1.0-py36_0
    zope.interface:   4.5.0-py36hfa6e2cd_0

The following packages will be UPDATED:

    anaconda:         5.0.1-py36h8316230_2  --> custom-py36h363777c_0
    conda:            4.3.30-py36h7e176b0_0 --> 4.5.8-py36_0
    pycosat:          0.6.2-py36hf17546d_1  --> 0.6.3-py36h413d8a4_0

Proceed ([y]/n)? y


CondaError: CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/anaconda-custom-py36h363777c_0.tar.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.

CondaError: CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/anaconda-custom-py36h363777c_0.tar.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.

CondaError: CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/anaconda-custom-py36h363777c_0.tar.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.




C:\Users\DELL>

一般Anaconda Prompt和Windows的命令行一样的：

2：Anaconda Prompt通过pip和conda安装：

(D:\AppData\Anaconda3) C:\Users\DELL>pip install scrapy
Collecting scrapy
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 335, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 749, in build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file
    require_hashes
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 465, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 568, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 683, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 811, in get_page
    inst = cls(resp.content, resp.url, resp.headers)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 731, in __init__
    namespaceHTMLElements=False,
TypeError: parse() got an unexpected keyword argument 'transport_encoding'

(D:\AppData\Anaconda3) C:\Users\DELL>pip install Scrapy
Collecting Scrapy
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 335, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 749, in build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file
    require_hashes
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 465, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 568, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 683, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 811, in get_page
    inst = cls(resp.content, resp.url, resp.headers)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 731, in __init__
    namespaceHTMLElements=False,
TypeError: parse() got an unexpected keyword argument 'transport_encoding'

(D:\AppData\Anaconda3) C:\Users\DELL>conda install Scrapy
Fetching package metadata ...
CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/repodata.json.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.
ConnectTimeout(MaxRetryError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='repo.continuum.io', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pkgs/main/win-64/repodata.json.bz2 (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x000000A1A9A18518>, 'Connection to repo.continuum.io timed out. (connect timeout=9.15)'))",),)



(D:\AppData\Anaconda3) C:\Users\DELL>pip install scrapy
Collecting scrapy
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 335, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\wheel.py", line 749, in build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file
    require_hashes
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 465, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 568, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 683, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 811, in get_page
    inst = cls(resp.content, resp.url, resp.headers)
  File "D:\AppData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 731, in __init__
    namespaceHTMLElements=False,
TypeError: parse() got an unexpected keyword argument 'transport_encoding'

(D:\AppData\Anaconda3) C:\Users\DELL>conda install scrapy
Fetching package metadata .............
Solving package specifications: .

Package plan for installation in environment D:\AppData\Anaconda3:

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

    appdirs:          1.4.3-py36_0
    attrs:            18.1.0-py36_0
    automat:          0.7.0-py36_0
    constantly:       15.1.0-py36_0
    cssselect:        1.0.3-py36_0
    hyperlink:        18.0.0-py36_0
    incremental:      17.5.0-py36he5b1da3_0
    parsel:           1.4.0-py36_0
    pyasn1:           0.4.3-py36_0
    pyasn1-modules:   0.2.2-py36_0
    pydispatcher:     2.0.5-py36_0
    pytest-runner:    4.2-py36_0
    queuelib:         1.5.0-py36_0
    scrapy:           1.5.0-py36_0
    service_identity: 17.0.0-py36_0
    twisted:          18.4.0-py36hfa6e2cd_0
    w3lib:            1.19.0-py36_0
    zope:             1.0-py36_0
    zope.interface:   4.5.0-py36hfa6e2cd_0

The following packages will be UPDATED:

    anaconda:         5.0.1-py36h8316230_2  --> custom-py36h363777c_0
    conda:            4.3.30-py36h7e176b0_0 --> 4.5.8-py36_0
    pycosat:          0.6.2-py36hf17546d_1  --> 0.6.3-py36h413d8a4_0

Proceed ([y]/n)? y


CondaError: CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/attrs-18.1.0-py36_0.tar.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.

CondaError: CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/attrs-18.1.0-py36_0.tar.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.

CondaError: CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64/attrs-18.1.0-py36_0.tar.bz2>
Elapsed: -

An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.




(D:\AppData\Anaconda3) C:\Users\DELL>

3：Anaconda Navigator安装：

2：异常原因

      由以上错误提示知都是网络问题，导致安装失败。Anaconda默认的镜像源大部分都在国外，国内很多网络环境下，访问不稳定，下载速率慢，有时根本连接不上，另外国内也有镜像源，可以修改Anaconda的镜像源为国内的。

3：解决办法

1：在Anaconda Navigator设置：

添加一个清华的镜像https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/，删除默认的：

在安装，提示这个镜像源没有要安装的第三方库，并提示了两个镜像源：

添加这两个镜像源

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/win-64

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/noarch

时校验失败，找了一个中科大的镜像https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/可以用并安装成功。

命令行conda list：

命令行pip list：

2：通过conda config 命令配置：

    为了演示先把.condarc文件的配置恢复成默认的：

 

channels:
  - defaults
ssl_verify: true

.condarc以点开头，一般表示 conda 应用程序的配置文件，在用户的家目录（windows：C:\\users\\username\\，linux：/home/username/）。但对于.condarc配置文件，是一种可选的（optional）运行期配置文件，其默认情况下是不存在的，但当用户第一次运行 conda config命令时，将会在用户的家目录创建该文件。
在命令行或Anaconda Prompt中，输入conda info，查看默认配置的镜像源 （channel URLs对应的）和配置文件路径（config file）：

C:\Users\DELL>conda info
Current conda install:

               platform : win-64
          conda version : 4.3.30
       conda is private : False
      conda-env version : 4.3.30
    conda-build version : 3.0.27
         python version : 3.6.3.final.0
       requests version : 2.18.4
       root environment : D:\AppData\Anaconda3  (writable)
    default environment : D:\AppData\Anaconda3
       envs directories : D:\AppData\Anaconda3\envs
                          C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs
                          C:\Users\DELL\.conda\envs
          package cache : D:\AppData\Anaconda3\pkgs
                          C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs
           channel URLs : https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/free/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/free/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/r/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/r/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/pro/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/pro/noarch
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/msys2/win-64
                          https://repo.continuum.io/pkgs/msys2/noarch
            config file : C:\Users\DELL\.condarc
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False
             user-agent : conda/4.3.30 requests/2.18.4 CPython/3.6.3 Windows/10 Windows/10.0.10240
          administrator : False

C:\Users\DELL>

直接配置中科大的镜像https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free：

conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

再查看配置的镜像源：

下载安装，还是失败：

删除默认的镜像源后，重试成功：

 

以上方法二选一。

悦读

道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 无名，天地之始，有名，万物之母。 故常无欲，以观其妙，常有欲，以观其徼。 此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。

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