1. 公交车路线信息在数据库中的存储方式
显然,如果在数据库中简单的使用表bus_route(路线名,路线经过的站点,费用)来保存公交车路线的线路信息,则很难使用查询语句实现乘车线路查询,因此,应该对线路的信息进行处理后再保存到数据库中,笔者使用的方法是用站点-路线关系表stop_route(站点,路线名,站点在路线中的位置)来存储公交车路线,例如,如果有以下3条路线
R1: S1->S2->S3->S4->S5
R2: S6->S7->S2->S8
R3: S8->S9->S10
则对应的站点-路线关系表stop_route为
Stop | Route | Position |
S1 | R1 | 1 |
S2 | R1 | 2 |
S3 | R1 | 3 |
S4 | R1 | 4 |
S5 | R1 | 5 |
S6 | R2 | 1 |
S7 | R2 | 2 |
S2 | R2 | 3 |
S8 | R2 | 4 |
S8 | R3 | 1 |
S9 | R3 | 2 |
S10 | R3 | 3 |
注:Stop为站点名,Route为路线名,Position为站点在路线中的位置
2.直达乘车路线查询算法
基于表stop_route可以很方便实现直达乘车路线的查询,以下是用于查询直达乘车路线的存储过程InquiryT0:
create proc InquiryT0(@StartStop varchar(32),@EndStop varchar(32))
as
begin
select
sr1.Stop as 启始站点,
sr2.Stop as 目的站点,
sr1.Route as 乘坐线路,
sr2.Position-sr1.Position as 经过的站点数
from
stop_route sr1,
stop_route sr2
where
sr1.Route=sr2.Route
and sr1.Position<sr2.Position
and sr1.Stop=@StartStop
and sr2.Stop=@EndStop
end
3.查询换乘路线算法
(1)直达路线视图
直达路线视图可以理解为一张存储了所有直达路线的表(如果两个站点之间存在直达路线,那么在直达路线视图中就有一行与之相对应)。例如R1,R2,R3对应的RouteT0如下:
起点 | 终点 | 乘坐路线 | 站点数 |
S3 | S4 | R1 | 1 |
S3 | S5 | R1 | 2 |
S4 | S5 | R1 | 1 |
S1 | S2 | R1 | 1 |
S1 | S3 | R1 | 2 |
S1 | S4 | R1 | 3 |
S1 | S5 | R1 | 4 |
S2 | S3 | R1 | 1 |
S2 | S4 | R1 | 2 |
S2 | S5 | R1 | 3 |
S2 | S8 | R2 | 1 |
S6 | S2 | R2 | 2 |
S6 | S7 | R2 | 1 |
S6 | S8 | R2 | 3 |
S7 | S2 | R2 | 1 |
S7 | S8 | R2 | 2 |
S8 | S10 | R3 | 2 |
S8 | S9 | R3 | 1 |
S9 | S10 | R3 | 1 |
RouteT0定义如下:
create view RouteT0
as
select
sr1.Stop as StartStop, --启始站点
sr2.Stop as EndStop, --目的站点
sr1.Route as Route, --乘坐线路
sr2.Position-sr1.Position as StopCount --经过的站点数
from
stop_route sr1,
stop_route sr2
where
sr1.Route=sr2.Route
and sr1.Position<sr2.Position
(2)换乘路线算法
显然,一条换乘路线由若干段直达路线组成(每段路线的终点与下一段路线的起点相同),因此,基于直达路线视图RouteT0可以很方便实现换乘查询,以下是实现一次换乘查询的存储过程InquiryT1:
create proc InquiryT1(@StartStop varchar(32),@EndStop varchar(32))
as
begin
select
r1.StartStop as 启始站点,
r1.Route as 乘坐路线1,
r1.EndStop as 中转站点,
r2.Route as 乘坐路线2,
r2.EndStop as 目的站点,
r1.StopCount+r2.StopCount as 总站点数
from
RouteT0 r1,
RouteT0 r2
where
r1.StartStop=@StartStop
and r1.EndStop=r2.StartStop
and r2.EndStop=@EndStop
end
同理可以得到二次换乘的查询语句
create proc InquiryT2(@StartStop varchar(32),@EndStop varchar(32))
as
begin
select
r1.StartStop as 启始站点,
r1.Route as 乘坐路线1,
r1.EndStop as 中转站点1,
r2.Route as 乘坐路线2,
r2.EndStop as 中转站点2,
r3.Route as 乘坐路线3,
r3.EndStop as 目的站点,
r1.StopCount+r2.StopCount+r3.StopCount as 总站点数
from
RouteT0 r1,
RouteT0 r2,
RouteT0 r3
where
r1.StartStop=@StartStop
and r1.EndStop=r2.StartStop
and r2.EndStop=r3.StartStop
and r3.EndStop=@EndStop
end
4.测试
exec InquiryT0 'S1','S2' exec InquiryT1 'S1','S8' exec InquiryT2 'S1','S9'
运行结果:
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