Linux系统的逻辑卷管理
一、查看系统磁盘及系统版本
[root@node1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 5G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 6G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 17.5G 0 part /
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 8.0 (Ootpa)
[root@node1 ~]#
二、LVM逻辑卷相关术语解释
PP:物理分区 ，用来存储数据的块设备，可以是分区，磁盘，raid或者是SAN设备。
PV：物理卷，LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质（如分区、磁盘等）比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。
VG：卷组，卷组是存储池，有一个或多个物理卷组成，一个PV只能分给一个VG。
LV：逻辑卷，LVM的逻辑卷类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷智商可以建立文件系统。
PE：physical extent ,每一个物理卷被划分为PE的基本单元，是LV的最小存储单元，具有唯一编号的PE是可以被LVM寻址的最小单元。PE的大小可设置，默认为4MB。
LE：logical extent，逻辑卷也被划分为被称为LE的可被寻址的基本单位。在同一卷组中，LE的大小和PE是相同的，并且一一对应。设置特定的LV选项将会更改此映射，如：镜像会导致将每个LE映射到两个PE。
三、创建LVM步骤
1.创建两个磁盘分区
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcbfb19f5.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +6G
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 6 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2.创建物理卷PV
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created.
[root@node1 ~]#
3.创建卷组VG
[root@node1 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
[root@node1 ~]#
4.创建逻辑卷LVM
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n lv01 vg01
Logical volume "lv01" created.
备注：
-L: 指定大小
-l：指定pe个数
-n：指定逻辑卷的名字
5.格式化逻辑卷及挂载
①格式化逻辑卷
[root@node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg01/lv01
meta-data=/dev/vg01/lv01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
②编辑fstab
[root@node1 ~]# blkid /dev/vg01/lv01
/dev/vg01/lv01: UUID="deff8218-3389-4245-a6bf-1716010fd6d4" TYPE="xfs"
[root@node1 ~]#
# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Mar 19 22:21:55 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
UUID=b7190d80-906f-4b9d-9ab4-5a503ecaea2c / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=525a30a7-d484-4ed5-9f38-f827f54e29ff /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=e6cf8733-5eec-4942-9429-c3e9087b6ff0 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID="deff8218-3389-4245-a6bf-1716010fd6d4" /mnt/lv01 xfs defaults 0 0
//192.168.200.150/share /media cifs defaults,credentials=/etc/samba/smbur.txt,multiuser,sec=ntlmssp 0 0
~
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③永久挂载
[root@node1 ~]# mount -a
[root@node1 ~]# mount |grep lv01
/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 on /mnt/lv01 type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota)
[root@node1 ~]#
四、查看逻辑卷状态
pvdisplay pvs
vgdisplay vgs
lvdisplaylvs
[root@node1 ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg01/lv01
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg01/lv01
LV Name lv01
VG Name vg01
LV UUID vShvLp-OIP0-esvZ-IUXJ-EoiA-H85L-EVGf4L
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time node1, 2021-09-20 18:10:16 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 252:0
[root@node1 ~]#
五、删除逻辑卷
lvremove
vgremove
pvremove
六、扩展逻辑卷大小
1.准备新分区
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (23070720-41943039, default 23070720):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (23070720-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcbfb19f5
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 10487807 10485760 5G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 10487808 23070719 12582912 6G 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 23070720 27265023 4194304 2G 83 Linux
2.扩展卷组
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc3
Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created.
[root@node1 ~]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdc3
Volume group "vg01" successfully extended
3.扩展逻辑卷
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01
Size of logical volume vg01/lv01 changed from 5.00 GiB (1280 extents) to 7.00 GiB (1792 extents).
Logical volume vg01/lv01 successfully resized.
[root@node1 ~]# xfs_growfs /mnt/lv01/
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1310720 to 1835008
[root@node1 ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg01/lv01
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg01/lv01
LV Name lv01
VG Name vg01
LV UUID vShvLp-OIP0-esvZ-IUXJ-EoiA-H85L-EVGf4L
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time node1, 2021-09-20 18:10:16 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 7.00 GiB
Current LE 1792
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 252:0
4.ext4文件系统扩容
vgextend vg0 /dev/sdc3
lvextend -L 2G /dev/vg01/lv01
resize2fs /dev/vg01/lv01 扩展ext文件系统
七、逻辑卷其他操作
1.查看vg操作
[root@node1 ~]# vgcfgrestore -l vg01
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00000-678331601.vg
Couldn't find device with uuid kc3fhN-gqjI-cc5Y-5hIu-Yk6k-ynHp-QUx9Pu.
Couldn't find device with uuid ILteGS-iTup-NVd1-txdT-DcHJ-Sj0h-44wJ35.
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:05:46 2021
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00001-1663951558.vg
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'lvcreate -L 5G -n lv01 vg01'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:10:16 2021
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00002-1665376704.vg
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'vgextend vg01 /dev/sdc3'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:26:54 2021
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00003-569676061.vg
Couldn't find device with uuid 0mx5Hv-2Pcb-ZuIS-sTz6-Tq2E-H5x4-ZHEo2a.
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:30:31 2021
File: /etc/lvm/backup/vg01
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *after* executing 'lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:30:31 2021
[root@node1 ~]#
2.恢复VG操作
[root@node1 ~]# vgcfgrestore -l vg01
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00000-678331601.vg
Couldn't find device with uuid kc3fhN-gqjI-cc5Y-5hIu-Yk6k-ynHp-QUx9Pu.
Couldn't find device with uuid ILteGS-iTup-NVd1-txdT-DcHJ-Sj0h-44wJ35.
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:05:46 2021
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00001-1663951558.vg
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'lvcreate -L 5G -n lv01 vg01'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:10:16 2021
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00002-1665376704.vg
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'vgextend vg01 /dev/sdc3'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:26:54 2021
File: /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00003-569676061.vg
Couldn't find device with uuid 0mx5Hv-2Pcb-ZuIS-sTz6-Tq2E-H5x4-ZHEo2a.
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *before* executing 'lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:30:31 2021
File: /etc/lvm/backup/vg01
VG name: vg01
Description: Created *after* executing 'lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg01/lv01'
Backup Time: Mon Sep 20 18:30:31 2021
[root@node1 ~]# vgcfgrestore -f /etc/lvm/archive/vg01_00003-569676061.vg
3.查看逻辑卷状态
[root@node1 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv01 vg01 -wi-ao---- 7.00g
[root@node1 ~]# df -hT /dev/vg01/lv01
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 xfs 7.0G 83M 7.0G 2% /mnt/lv01
[root@node1 ~]#