3,输出Map元素
这里的Map对象可以是直接HashMap的实例,甚至包括JavaBean实例,对于JavaBean实例而言,我们一样可以把其当成属性为key,属性值为value的Map实例.为了输出Map元素的值,可以使用点语法或方括号语法.假如有下面的数据模型:
Map root = new HashMap();
Book book = new Book();
Author author = new Author();
author.setName("annlee");
author.setAddress("gz");
book.setName("struts2");
book.setAuthor(author);
root.put("info","struts");
root.put("book", book);
看如下的例子:
<#noparse>
<#list books as book>
<tr><td>${book.name}<td>作者:${book.author}
</#list>
</#noparse>
输出如下:
<#list books as book>
<tr><td>${book.name}<td>作者:${book.author}
</#list>
4.7 escape , noescape指令
escape指令导致body区的插值都会被自动加上escape表达式,但不会影响字符串内的插值,只会影响到body内出现的插值,使用escape指令的语法格式如下:
<#escape identifier as expression>...
<#noescape>...</#noescape>
</#escape>
看如下的代码:
<#escape x as x?html>
First name:${firstName}
Last name:${lastName}
Maiden name:${maidenName}
</#escape>
上面的代码等同于:
First name:${firstName?html}
Last name:${lastName?html}
Maiden name:${maidenName?html}
escape指令在解析模板时起作用而不是在运行时起作用,除此之外,escape指令也嵌套使用,子escape继承父escape的规则,如下例子:
<#escape x as x?html>
Customer Name:${customerName}
Items to ship;
<#escape x as itemCodeToNameMap[x]>
${itemCode1}
${itemCode2}
${itemCode3}
${itemCode4}
</#escape>
</#escape>
上面的代码类似于:
Customer Name:${customerName?html}
Items to ship;
${itemCodeToNameMap[itemCode1]?html}
${itemCodeToNameMap[itemCode2]?html}
${itemCodeToNameMap[itemCode3]?html}
${itemCodeToNameMap[itemCode4]?html}
用例
字符串
<#switch being.size>
<#case "small">
This will be processed if it is small
<#break>
<#case "medium">
This will be processed if it is medium
<#break>
<#case "large">
This will be processed if it is large
<#break>
<#default>
This will be processed if it is neither
</#switch>
数字
<#switch x>
<#case x = 1>
1
<#case x = 2>
2
<#default>
d
</#switch>
include
语法
<#include filename>
or
<#include filename options>
options包含两个属性
encoding=”GBK” 编码格式
parse=true 是否作为ftl语法解析,默认是true，false就是以文本方式引入.注意在ftl文件里布尔值都是直接赋值的如parse=true,而不是parse=”true”
用例
/common/copyright.ftl包含内容
Copyright 2001-2002 ${me}<br>
All rights reserved.
模板文件
<#assign me = "Juila Smith">
<h1>Some test</h1>
<p>Yeah.
<hr>
<#include "/common/copyright.ftl" encoding=”GBK”>
输出结果
<h1>Some test</h1>
<p>Yeah.
<hr>
Copyright 2001-2002 Juila Smith
All rights reserved.
Import
语法
<#import path as hash>
类似于java里的import,它导入文件，然后就可以在当前文件里使用被导入文件里的宏组件
用例
假设mylib.ftl里定义了宏copyright那么我们在其他模板页面里可以这样使用
<#import "/libs/mylib.ftl" as my>
<@my.copyright date="1999-2002"/>
"my"在freemarker里被称作namespace
compress
语法
<#compress>
...
</#compress>
用来压缩空白空间和空白的行
用例
<#assign x = " moo \n\n ">
(<#compress>
1 2 3 4 5
${moo}
test only
I said, test only
</#compress>)
输出
(1 2 3 4 5
moo
test only
I said, test only)
escape, noescape
语法
<#escape identifier as expression>
...
<#noescape>...</#noescape>
...
</#escape>
用例
主要使用在相似的字符串变量输出，比如某一个模块的所有字符串输出都必须是html安全的，这个时候就可以使用该表达式
<#escape x as x?html>
First name: ${firstName}
<#noescape>Last name: ${lastName}</#noescape>
Maiden name: ${maidenName}
</#escape>
相同表达式
First name: ${firstName?html}
Last name: ${lastName }
Maiden name: ${maidenName?html}
assign
语法
<#assign name=value>
or
<#assign name1=value1 name2=value2 ... nameN=valueN>
or
<#assign same as above... in namespacehash>
or
<#assign name>
capture this
</#assign>
or
<#assign name in namespacehash>
capture this
</#assign>
用例
生成变量,并且给变量赋值
给seasons赋予序列值
<#assign seasons = ["winter", "spring", "summer", "autumn"]>
给变量test加1
<#assign test = test + 1>
给my namespage 赋予一个变量bgColor,下面可以通过my.bgColor来访问这个变量
<#import "/mylib.ftl" as my>
<#assign bgColor="red" in my>
将一段输出的文本作为变量保存在x里
下面的阴影部分输出的文本将被赋值给x
<#assign x>
<#list 1..3 as n>
${n} <@myMacro />
</#list>
</#assign>
Number of words: ${x?word_list?size}
${x}
<#macro name param1 param2 ... paramN>
...
<#nested loopvar1, loopvar2, ..., loopvarN>
...
<#return>
...
</#macro>
用例
<#macro test foo bar="Bar" baaz=-1>
Test text, and the params: ${foo}, ${bar}, ${baaz}
</#macro>
<@test foo="a" bar="b" baaz=5*5-2/>
<@test foo="a" bar="b"/>
<@test foo="a" baaz=5*5-2/>
<@test foo="a"/>
输出
Test text, and the params: a, b, 23
Test text, and the params: a, b, -1
Test text, and the params: a, Bar, 23
Test text, and the params: a, Bar, -1
定义循环输出的宏
<#macro list title items>
<p>${title?cap_first}:
<ul>
<#list items as x>
<li>${x?cap_first}
</#list>
</ul>
</#macro>
<@list items=["mouse", "elephant", "python"] title="Animals"/>
输出结果
<p>Animals:
<ul>
<li>Mouse
<li>Elephant
<li>Python
</ul>
包含body的宏
<#macro repeat count>
<#list 1..count as x>
<#nested x, x/2, x==count>
</#list>
</#macro>
<@repeat count=4 ; c halfc last>
${c}. ${halfc}<#if last> Last!</#if>
</@repeat>
输出
1. 0.5
2. 1
3. 1.5
4. 2 Last!
判断对象是不是null
<#if mouse?exists>
Mouse found
<#else>
也可以直接${mouse?if_exists})输出布尔形
常用格式化日期
openingTime必须是Date型,详细查看freemarker文档 Reference->build-in referece->build-in for date
下面两个可能在代码生成的时候使用（在引号前加”\”）
j_string: 在字符串引号前加”\”
<#assign beanName = 'The "foo" bean.'>
String BEAN_NAME = "${beanName?j_string}";
打印输出:
String BEAN_NAME = "The \"foo\" bean.";
js_string:
<#assign user = "Big Joe's \"right hand\".">
<script>
alert("Welcome ${user}!");
</script>
打印输出
alert("Welcome Big Joe\'s \"right hand\"!");
替换字符串 replace
${s?replace(‘ba’, ‘XY’ )}
${s?replace(‘ba’, ‘XY’ , ‘规则参数’)}将s里的所有的ba替换成xy 规则参数包含: i r m s c f 具体含义如下:
· i: 大小写不区分.
· f: 只替换第一个出现被替换字符串的字符串
· r: XY是正则表达式
· m: Multi-line mode for regular expressions. In multi-line mode the expressions ^ and $ match just after or just before, respectively, a line terminator or the end of the string. By default these expressions only match at the beginning and the end of the entire string.
· s: Enables dotall mode for regular expressions (same as Perl singe-line mode). In dotall mode, the expression . matches any character, including a line terminator. By default this expression does not match line terminators.
· c: Permits whitespace and comments in regular expressions.
与webwork整合之后 通过配置的servlet 已经把request,session等对象置入了数据模型中
在view中存在下面的对象
我们可以在ftl中${req}来打印req对象
· req - the current HttpServletRequest
· res - the current HttpServletResponse
· stack - the current OgnlValueStack
· ognl - the OgnlTool instance
· webwork - an instance of FreemarkerWebWorkUtil
· action - the current WebWork action
· exception - optional the Exception instance, if the view is a JSP exception or Servlet exception view
view中值的搜索顺序
${name}将会以下面的顺序查找name值
· freemarker variables
· value stack
· request attributes
· session attributes
· servlet context attributes
在模板里ftl里使用标签
注意，如果标签的属性值是数字，那么必须采用nubmer=123方式给属性赋值
JSP页面
<%@page contentType="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-2" language="java"%>
<%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html"%>
<%@taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean"%>
在模板中除了可以通过对象来调用方法外（${object.methed(args)}）也可以直接调用java实现的方法，java类必须实现接口TemplateMethodModel的方法exec(List args). 下面以把毫秒的时间转换成按格式输出的时间为例子
public class LongToDate implements TemplateMethodModel {
public TemplateModel exec(List args) throws TemplateModelException {
SimpleDateFormat mydate = new SimpleDateFormat((String) args.get(0)));
return mydate.format(new Date(Long.parseLong((String)args.get(1)));
}
}
将LongToDate对象放入到数据模型中
root.put("timer", new IndexOfMethod());
ftl模板里使用
<#assign x = "123112455445">
${timer("yyyy-MM-dd H:mm:ss", x)}
${timer("yyyy-MM-dd ", x)}