websocket是一个老生常谈的 TCP 连接全双工通讯的协议,本人闲着没事干想自己动手写一个聊天网页,看了很多的文章决定用channels来写,没想到越写坑越多,channels的依赖也很多,还要结合redis,并且部署也是坑的一批。所以就换方法了,俗话能走直路不走弯路,所以毅然的换成了dwebsocket,五个字来形容它:方便简单快!
在django项目中配置settings
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'dwebsocket',
]
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'template')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
},
]
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)
在template里面创建luweichat.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
td {
border: 1px #000 solid;
margin: 0;
}
textarea {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body style="padding: 30px">
<h2 style="text-align:center;">互联</h2>
<span id="userid" style="margin-left:95px;">欢迎进入互联:</span>
<table align="center">
<tr>
<td style="width: 500px;">
<div id="historymsg" style="height: 400px;overflow: auto"></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 400px">
<div id="userlist" style="height: 400px;overflow: auto"></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<textarea id="msg"></textarea>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<select class="form-control" id="isgroup">
</select>
<input class="btn btn-info btn-block" type="button" onclick="send()" value="发送">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
var ws,myid,myname;
var userids = userids
window.onload = function () {
//先判断浏览器是否支持websocket
if ("WebSocket" in window) {
// 打开一个 web socket,链接服务器
ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/chat/");
ws.onopen = function () {
// Web Socket 已连接上,使用 send() 方法尝试发送数据
ws.send("test");
};
//监听服务端是否有消息发送过来,当有消息时执行方法
ws.onmessage = function (evt) {
//获取服务器发来的消息 并提取信息
var received_msg = evt.data;
//判断是返回的是消息还是用户列表id,1是消息,0是用户列表id
msg = eval("(" + received_msg + ")")
//用户列表和id
if (msg.type == 0) {
//userid为空表示更新用户列表,不需要更新自己的id,否则为初次登录
if (msg.userid != null) {
myid = msg.userid
myname = msg.username
$("#userid").append(myname)
}
//当收到新的用户列表时,清空原来的用户列表,清空原来的用户选择框,添加群组发送选项
$("#userlist").empty()
$("#isgroup").empty()
$("#isgroup").append("<option value='1'>群发(或选择要私聊的用户)</option>")
for (var i = 0; i < msg.userlist.length; i++) {
//填充用户列表
$("#userlist").append(msg.userlist[i]["username"] + "<hr />")
//填充用户选择框
$("#isgroup").append("<option value='" + msg.userlist[i]["userid"] + "'>" + msg.userlist[i]["username"] + "</option>")
}
}
//用户发送的消息
else {
var myDate = new Date();
nowtime = myDate.toLocaleString(); //获取当前的日期与时间
newmsg = ""
//判断是自己的消息,绿色显示
if (myid == msg.data.userid) {
newmsg = "<span style='color:blue;'>" + msg.data.user + " : " + nowtime + "说:" + "<br />" + msg.data.msg + "</span>" + "<br />"
} else {
newmsg = "<span >" + msg.data.user + " : " + nowtime + "说:" + "<br />" + msg.data.msg + "</span>" + "<br />"
}
$("#historymsg").append(
newmsg
)
}
};
//关闭页面或其他行为导致与服务器断开链接时执行
ws.onclose = function () {
// 关闭 websocket
alert("连接已关闭...");
};
} else {
// 浏览器不支持 WebSocket
alert("您的浏览器不支持 WebSocket!");
}
}
function send() {
msgtxt = $("#msg").val() //获取输入的消息
msguser = $("#isgroup").val() //获取选择发送的人的id
//判断是否是群发 1=是, 否则是私聊
if ($("#isgroup").val() == "1") {
msg = {
type: "1",
txt: msgtxt,
userfrom: myid
}
} else {
msg = {
type: "0",
txt: msgtxt,
userto: msguser,
userfrom: myid
}
}
$.post("/msg_send/", msg, function () {
$("#msg").val("") //清空发送消息框
$("#msg").focus() //光标聚焦
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
接下来就要在views里面写通讯逻辑了
模型
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User_models(models.Model):
user_id = models.CharField(max_length=255,verbose_name='userId')
username = models.CharField(max_length=10,verbose_name='username')
account = models.CharField(max_length=16,verbose_name='account')
password = models.CharField(max_length=16,verbose_name='password')
class Meta:
db_table = 'user'
verbose_name_plural = '用户表'
视图
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from dwebsocket.decorators import accept_websocket
import uuid
import json
from Dweb import models
clients={} #线上用户客户端存储
clients_name={} #线上用户名存储
#登录
def Chat_login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'login.html')
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('userNameOrEmailAddress')
password = request.POST.get('password')
users = models.User_models.objects.filter(account=username).first()
if users != None:
if users.password == password:
request.session['userid'] = users.user_id
return redirect('news_chat/')
else:
return HttpResponse('密码错误')
else:
return HttpResponse('没有此用户名')
#注册
def Chat_register(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'register.html')
if request.method == 'POST':
account = request.POST.get('account')
password = request.POST.get('password')
username = request.POST.get('username')
userid = str(uuid.uuid1())[:10]
user = models.User_models.objects.create(user_id=userid, account=account,
password=password,username=username)
return redirect('/')
#chat
def News_chat(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request,'luweichat.html')
# 服务器方法,允许接受ws请求
@accept_websocket
def chat(request):
# 判断是不是ws请求
if request.is_websocket():
# 保存客户端的ws对象,以便给客户端发送消息,每个客户端分配一个唯一标识
userid = request.session.get('userid')
clients[userid] = request.websocket
users = models.User_models.objects.filter(user_id=userid).first()
userdict = {"username": users.username, "userid": userid}
clients_name[userid] = userdict
# 判断是否有客户端发来消息,若有则进行处理,表示客户端与服务器建立链接成功
while True:
'''获取消息,线程会阻塞,
他会等待客户端发来下一条消息,直到关闭后才会返回,当关闭时返回None'''
message=request.websocket.wait()
if not message:
break
else:
msg=str(message, encoding = "utf-8")
print(msg)
#1、发来test表示链接成功
if msg == "test":
print("客户端链接成功:"+userid)
#第一次进入,返回在线列表和他的id 0代表用户的ID
request.websocket.send(json.dumps({"type":0,
"userlist":list(clients_name.values()),
"userid":userid,
"username":users.username}).encode("'utf-8'"))
#将所有人的客户端更新userlist
print(clients)
for client in clients:
clients[client].send(json.dumps({"type":0, "userlist":list(clients_name.values()),"user":None})
.encode("'utf-8'"))
#客户端关闭后从列表删除
if userid in clients:
del clients[userid]
if userid in clients_name:
del clients_name[userid]
print(userid + "离线")
# 更新所有人的userlist
for client in clients:
clients[client].send(
json.dumps({"type": 0, "userlist": list(clients_name.values()), "user":None}).encode("'utf-8'"))
#消息发送方法
def msg_send(request):
msg = request.POST.get("txt")
useridto = request.POST.get("userto")
useridfrom = request.POST.get("userfrom")
print(useridfrom)
type=request.POST.get("type")
if type == "1":
#群发
for client in clients:
clients[client].send(json.dumps({"type": 1, "data": {"msg": msg, "user": clients_name[useridfrom]["username"],"userid":useridfrom}}).encode('utf-8'))
else:
# 私聊,对方显示
clients[useridto].send(json.dumps({"type": 1, "data": {"msg": msg, "user": clients_name[useridfrom]["username"],"userid":useridfrom}}).encode('utf-8'))
# 私聊,自己显示
clients[useridfrom].send(json.dumps({"type": 1, "data": {"msg": msg, "user": clients_name[useridfrom]["username"],"userid":useridfrom}}).encode('utf-8'))
return HttpResponse(json.dumps({"msg":"success"}))
url
from django.urls import path
from Dweb import views as vs
urlpatterns = [
path(r'news_chat/', vs.News_chat),
path('chat/', vs.chat),
path('msg_send/', vs.msg_send),
]
最后运行127.0.0.1:8000/news_chat/进入聊天页面,每当一个用户进入聊天室时直接就能看到,可以选择用户或者群发
注意的是此代码是我写的demo的核心功能,用户的登录与注册页面我没有往上放,可以自己写一下,流程上还是比较简单明了的,可以在此基础上进行更改!