且慢基金爬虫——自动更新x-sign的投资组合爬取
一、网页分析
1、打开网页
参照上期蛋卷基金爬虫，我们打开且慢基金的网页，随意打开一个投资组合页面，例如：
https://qieman.com/portfolios/ZH000193
我们发现一个以组合ID命名的文件，这应该就是我们要的内容了，我们点开它。
d(ŐдŐ๑)怎么是空的！
但是我们观察Network里，明明这个文件有191B啊，我们试着右键把响应内容复制出来。
{"poCode":"ZH000193","poName":"绿巨人","driveMode":"DR","poType":"4","poDesc":"超级英雄绿巨人，权益资产配置型FOF，发车信号关注订阅号：望京博格投基 ","poRichDesc":"计划将自己的基金组合Open起来，如果未来业绩好，多半原因归因于市场给予我在3000点以下的建仓期！ 组合调整，订阅号：望京博格聊基 （强烈建议关注）","poStatus":"1","visibility":"1","establishedOn":"2016-05-27","runningDays":1843,"ceasedOn":null,"ceasedComment":null,"risk5Level":4,"risk5LevelName":"中高风险","poManagers":[{"poManagerId":136,"poManagerName":"望京博格","poManagerDesc":"资产配置投资实践","poManagerRichDesc":null,"poManagerAvatarUrl":"https://asset.qieman.com/pomgr/pomgr_136.png","verified":true}],"nav":"1.7087","navDate":"2021-06-16","dailyReturn":"-0.0112","weeklyReturn":"-0.0256","monthlyReturn":"0.0266","quarterlyReturn":"-0.0008","halfYearlyReturn":"0.0128","yearlyReturn":"0.1872","fromSetupReturn":"0.7087","annualCompoundedReturn":"0.1119","maxDrawdown":"0.2058","sharpe":"0.5540","volatility":"0.1660","personalBuyAmount":0,"totalBuyAmount":0,"totalBuyerCount":0,"tags":null,"recommendHoldingPeriod":null,"recommendInvestmentWays":null,"promotionDesc":null,"accumulatedCost":0,"accumulatedProfit":0,"accumulatedDays":1843,"canDeposit":true,"cannotDepositReason":null,"canWithdraw":true,"cannotWithdrawReason":null,"personalHighestBuyAmount":"10000000.00","personalLowestBuyAmount":"100.00","personalHighestAipAmount":"10000000.00","personalLowestAipAmount":"100.00","composition":[{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"110031","prodCode":"110031","prodName":"易方达恒生国企ETF联接A","fundName":"易方达恒生国企ETF联接A","percent":"0.2144","nav":"1.1288","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"7","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":3,"isQdii":true,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0091","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY110031-V20210406","fundCode":"110031","name":"110031产品资料概要(20210406)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50110000_110031_FA010080_20210006_110031_20210406_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"004642","prodCode":"004642","prodName":"南方房地产ETF联接A","fundName":"南方房地产ETF联接A","percent":"0.1512","nav":"0.8333","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"6","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":3,"isQdii":false,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"0.0007","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY004642-V20210331","fundCode":"004642","name":"004642产品资料概要(20210331)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50020000_004642_FA010080_20210003_004642_20210331_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"001475","prodCode":"001475","prodName":"易方达国防军工混合","fundName":"易方达国防军工混合","percent":"0.2834","nav":"1.4660","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"3","fundInvestType":"3","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":4,"isQdii":false,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":false,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0161","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY001475-V20210427","fundCode":"001475","name":"001475产品资料概要(20210427)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50110000_001475_FA010080_20210001_001475_20210427_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"501021","prodCode":"501021","prodName":"华宝香港中国中小盘(LOF)A","fundName":"华宝香港中国中小盘(LOF)A","percent":"0.2162","nav":"1.8256","navDate":"2021-06-16","fundType":"7","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":3,"isQdii":true,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":true,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0217","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY501021-V20210513","fundCode":"501021","name":"501021产品资料概要(20210513)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50220000_501021_FA010080_20210297_501021_20210513_103701_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null},{"prodType":"1","fundCode":"006327","prodCode":"006327","prodName":"易方达中证海外联接人民币A","fundName":"易方达中证海外联接人民币A","percent":"0.1348","nav":"1.4401","navDate":"2021-06-15","fundType":"7","fundInvestType":"1","riskLevel":3,"risk5Level":4,"isQdii":true,"isPeriod":false,"isLof":false,"isIndex":true,"isEtf":false,"valDisBy":"nav","yearlyRoe":null,"unitYield":null,"dailyReturn":"-0.0017","onSale":true,"canBuy":true,"canAllot":true,"personalHighestBuyAmount":null,"tags":[],"existProdSummary":true,"prodSummary":{"id":"SUMMARY006327-V20210406","fundCode":"006327","name":"006327产品资料概要(20210406)","url":"https://cdn-disclosure.yingmi.cn/CN_50110000_006327_FA010080_20210001_006327_20210406_090000_01.pdf"},"fundTypeAEvent":null}],"adjustInfo":{"adjustmentId":166776,"comment":"2018年下半年，由于医药极速下跌同时找不到更好的行业，所以纳入沪深300指数，如果以现在的结果回顾这次调仓，会发现那次是错误的.... 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我们观察到其实是有返回很多信息的，但是为什么点进去看不到呢？
原来是且慢基金网站有反爬虫的校验。
2、分析x-sign
我们观察一下请求标头。
我们把这些内容全部复制到爬虫的header里，然后逐个删除，看看哪个才是起关键作用的。
我们发现，只要有x-sign就行了，如果没有正确的x-sign就会返回空值。
有x-sign：
无x-sign：
但是这个x-sign貌似是一日一更新的，也就是昨天的x-sign今天就失效了，如果我们手动每天更新，又很麻烦。
我们发现这个x-sign的前13位是一个时间戳，后32位则是通过时间戳形成的一个加密。
1621566508433｜32A579E8505A7B5A7BB5CB69D6AA6BDD
3、自动更新x-sign
网络上的教程基本都是通过阅读JavaScript来破译x-sign的加密算法，但是偏偏且慢把js写得很繁琐，内嵌了一个虚拟机来实现加密，破译这条路子有些复杂，那我们还能怎么办呢？
我们可以模拟浏览器的访问操作来获取x-sign! (๑•̀ㅂ•́)و✧
这里我们用到selenium库，需要安装一个webdriver，详细教程网上好多，这里不赘述。
我们从performance中找出所有带x-sign的内容。
#by concyclics
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
import json
import time
def getX_sign():
url = 'https://qieman.com'
d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
d['loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'}
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get(url)
time.sleep(1)
info = browser.get_log('performance')
#print(info)
for i in info:
dic_info = json.loads(i["message"])
info = dic_info["message"]['params']
if 'request' in info:
#print(info['request'])
if 'headers' in info['request']:
#print(info['request']['headers'])
if 'x-sign' in info['request']['headers']:
# print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign'])
print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign'])
#browser.close()
return False
if __name__=='__main__':
getX_sign()
发现selenium帮我们打开了chrome。
并返回了3条x-sign。
这是因为对于每一个请求，网站都会重新算一个x-sign，但是我们只要一个就好，而且每天一个，所以我们可以根据当前已有的x-sign的前13位时间戳，计算它是否是今天的x-sign，不是再去获取，毕竟selenium比requests慢不少，同时我们可以隐藏弹窗。
具体代码如下：
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
import json
import time
import datetime
xsign='1623897696198395318DDBC26EFC3AA40DC4A6D28E8AC'
def getX_sign():
url = 'https://qieman.com'
d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
d['loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'}
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument('headless')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
browser.get(url)
info = browser.get_log('performance')
#print(info)
for i in info:
dic_info = json.loads(i["message"])
info = dic_info["message"]['params']
if 'request' in info:
#print(info['request'])
if 'headers' in info['request']:
#print(info['request']['headers'])
if 'x-sign' in info['request']['headers']:
browser.close()
# print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign'])
return info['request']['headers']['x-sign']
browser.close()
return False
def getXsign():
global xsign
t=int(xsign[0:13])//1000
last=time.localtime(t)
last=datetime.datetime(last[0],last[1],last[2])
today=time.localtime(time.time())
today=datetime.datetime(today[0],today[1],today[2])
diff=(today-last).days
#print(t,last,today,diff)
if diff==0:
return xsign
try:
getX_sign()
except Exception:
return False
xsign=getX_sign()
return xsign
if __name__=='__main__':
print(getXsign())
二、json分析
我们发现基金的基本信息和历史净值放在这两个地方：
1、基本信息
观察json
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获取如下内容
基金编号: ZH001798
基金名: 东方进取1号
日期: 2021-06-16
净值: 2.2379
最大回撤: 0.2778
年化波动率: 0.1795
夏普率: 0.8855
获取方法
def getfund(code):
url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code
page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text
print(page)
if(page==''):
raise ValueError('请设置x-sign或检查code')
items=json.loads(page)
value=items.get("nav")
date=items.get("navDate")
name=items.get("poName")
found=items.get('establishedOn')
print("基金编号:",code,'\n基金名:',name,"\n日期:",date,"净值:",value)
maxdown=items.get("maxDrawdown")
volatility=items.get("volatility")
sharpe=items.get("sharpe")
print('最大回撤:',maxdown,'年化波动率:',volatility,'夏普率:',sharpe,'\n')
2、历史净值
观察json
省略了一部分内容省的页面过大
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我们发现这个json是一个列表，而且时间不是用标明日期的字符串而是时间戳展现的，所以我们要写一个时间戳转时间的函数，这里用到time和datetime库。
时间戳转换函数
import time
import datetime
def qieman_to_date(s):
s=int(s)
s/=1000
day=datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(s).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
return day
获取方法
def gethistory(code,size=10):
url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code+'/nav-history'
page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text
items=json.loads(page)
for item in items[-1:-size-1:-1]:
print('日期:',qieman_to_date(item.get('navDate')),'净值:',item.get('nav'))
print('\n')
这里我们从列表中读出最后的size项来，省的内容过多。
3、测试
三、完整代码
#by concyclics
import requests
import time
import json
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
qieman=['ZH001798','ZH012926','ZH039471','ZH010246','ZH006498','ZH000193','ZH009664','ZH030684','ZH017252','ZH007973','ZH037807','ZH007974','ZH017409','ZH035411','ZH043108','ZH043126']
#x-sign记得每天更新
header={
'x-sign':'1623897696198395318DDBC26EFC3AA40DC4A6D28E8AC'
}
#1621566508433」32A579E8505A7B5A7BB5CB69D6AA6BDD
#前13位为时间戳，后32位未知
#且慢的时间戳转日期
def qieman_to_date(s):
s=int(s)
s/=1000
day=datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(s).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
return day
def getfund(code):
url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code
page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text
#print(page)
if(page==''):
raise ValueError('请设置x-sign或检查code')
items=json.loads(page)
value=items.get("nav")
date=items.get("navDate")
name=items.get("poName")
found=items.get('establishedOn')
print("基金编号:",code,'\n基金名:',name,"\n日期:",date,"净值:",value)
maxdown=items.get("maxDrawdown")
volatility=items.get("volatility")
sharpe=items.get("sharpe")
print('最大回撤:',maxdown,'年化波动率:',volatility,'夏普率:',sharpe,'\n')
#获取历史净值
def gethistory(code,size=10):
url='https://qieman.com/pmdj/v1/pomodels/'+code+'/nav-history'
page=requests.get(url,headers=header).text
items=json.loads(page)
for item in items[-1:-size-1:-1]:
print('日期:',qieman_to_date(item.get('navDate')),'净值:',item.get('nav'))
print('\n')
xsign='1623897696198395318DDBC26EFC3AA40DC4A6D28E8AC'
def updateXsign():
url = 'https://qieman.com'
d = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
d['loggingPrefs'] = {'performance': 'ALL'}
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
option.add_argument('headless')
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
browser.get(url)
info = browser.get_log('performance')
#print(info)
for i in info:
dic_info = json.loads(i["message"])
info = dic_info["message"]['params']
if 'request' in info:
#print(info['request'])
if 'headers' in info['request']:
#print(info['request']['headers'])
if 'x-sign' in info['request']['headers']:
# print(info['request']['headers']['x-sign'])
header['x-sign']=info['request']['headers']['x-sign']
browser.close()
if __name__=='__main__':
updateXsign()
getfund(qieman[0])
gethistory(qieman[0])