简介
日常开发中我们可能经常会遇到这样的场景,像启动容器完成后需要去执行一些业务逻辑,SpringBoot给我们提供了两个接口来帮助我们实现这种需求,两个启动加载接口分别是CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner。本文简单介绍如何使用该扩展点实现业务
springboot启动容器过程
首先我们来看看springboot启动容器过程源码,从下列源码启动过程可以看到,在所有事项准备完成后,最终会执行所有 Runner 运行器,其中就包括ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner
/**
* Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
* {@link ApplicationContext}.
* @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
* @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
*/
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
// 获取系统时间,开始计时器
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
DefaultBootstrapContext bootstrapContext = createBootstrapContext();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
// 创建所有 Spring 运行监听器并发布应用启动事件
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting(bootstrapContext, this.mainApplicationClass);
try {
// 处理 args 参数
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
// 准备环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, bootstrapContext, applicationArguments);
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
// 创建应用上下文
context = createApplicationContext();
context.setApplicationStartup(this.applicationStartup);
// 准备应用上下文
prepareContext(bootstrapContext, context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
// 刷新应用上下文
refreshContext(context);
// 应用上下文刷新之后的事件的处理
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
Duration timeTakenToStartup = Duration.ofNanos(System.nanoTime() - startTime);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), timeTakenToStartup);
}
// 发布应用上下文启动完成事件
listeners.started(context, timeTakenToStartup);
// 执行所有 Runner 运行器
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
Duration timeTakenToReady = Duration.ofNanos(System.nanoTime() - startTime);
// 发布应用上下文就绪事件
listeners.ready(context, timeTakenToReady);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
//将实现ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner接口的类,存储到集合中
List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
// 从Spring容器中查找类型为ApplicationRunner的Bean
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
// 从Spring容器中查找类型为CommandLineRunner的Bean
runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
//按照加载先后顺序排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
//调用执行
for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
//如果是ApplicationRunner的实例
if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
}
//如果是CommandLineRunner的实例
if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
}
}
}
应用场景
ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner实在容器启动完成后才执行,所以常常会用在一些初始化的场景,比如
- 缓存数据的预加载
- 定时任务的执行
- 升级脚本的数据刷新
- …
如何控制执行顺序
如果存在多个实现类,可以通过注解@Order注解或实现Ordered接口来控制执行顺序
@Order(2)
public class aaaCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner区别
ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner的作用是相同的。不同之处在于ApplicationRunner接口的run()方法接收ApplicationArguments对象作为参数,是对原始参数做了进一步的封装,而CommandLineRunner接口的run()方法接收String数组作为参数,即是最原始的参数,没有做任何处理。
代码示例
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class ExtendApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
log.info("ApplicationRunner--Extend--run {}",args);
}
}
@Slf4j
@Configuration
@Order(2)
public class ExtendCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
log.info("CommandLineRunner--Extend--run{}",args);
}
}