Spring Security 与 JWT、OAuth 2.0 整合详解：构建安全可靠的认证与授权机制

Spring Security 与 OAuth 2.0 整合详解：构建安全可靠的认证与授权机制

将 JWT（JSON Web Token）与 OAuth 2.0 整合到 Spring Security 中可以为应用程序提供强大的认证和授权功能。以下是详细的整合步骤和代码示例。

1. 引入依赖

首先，确保在 pom.xml 中引入了必要的依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-resource-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-oauth2-autoconfigure</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置授权服务器

首先，配置授权服务器以处理授权请求和颁发访问令牌。创建一个配置类来设置授权服务器：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableResourceServer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configurers.ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.TokenStore;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtAccessTokenConverter;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.store.JwtTokenStore;

@Configuration
@EnableAuthorizationServer
public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Override
    public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {
        clients.inMemory()
            .withClient("client_id")
            .secret("{noop}client_secret")
            .authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code", "refresh_token", "password", "client_credentials")
            .scopes("read_profile", "write_profile")
            .redirectUris("https://client-app.com/callback");
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
        endpoints
            .authenticationManager(authenticationManager)
            .tokenStore(tokenStore())
            .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter());
    }

    @Bean
    public TokenStore tokenStore() {
        return new JwtTokenStore(accessTokenConverter());
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() {
        JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
        converter.setSigningKey("signing-key");
        return converter;
    }
}

3. 配置资源服务器

然后，配置资源服务器以保护资源并验证访问令牌：

@Configuration
@EnableResourceServer
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/public/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/api/**").authenticated();
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception {
        resources.resourceId("resource_id").tokenStore(tokenStore());
    }

    @Bean
    public TokenStore tokenStore() {
        return new JwtTokenStore(accessTokenConverter());
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() {
        JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
        converter.setSigningKey("signing-key");
        return converter;
    }
}

4. 配置客户端应用程序

接下来，配置客户端应用程序以请求授权码和访问令牌。创建一个配置类来设置客户端应用程序：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableOAuth2Client;
import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableOAuth2Sso;

@Configuration
@EnableOAuth2Sso
public class OAuth2ClientConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/login").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
            .oauth2Login()
                .loginPage("/login")
                .defaultSuccessUrl("/home", true);
    }
}

5. 配置应用程序属性

在 application.yml 或 application.properties 中配置 OAuth 2.0 客户端属性：

spring:
  security:
    oauth2:
      client:
        registration:
          google:
            client-id: your-client-id
            client-secret: your-client-secret
            scope: profile, email
            redirect-uri: "{baseUrl}/login/oauth2/code/{registrationId}"
            authorization-grant-type: authorization_code
            client-name: Google
        provider:
          google:
            authorization-uri: https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth
            token-uri: https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token
            user-info-uri: https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v3/userinfo
            user-name-attribute: sub

6. 启用 HTTPS

OAuth 2.0 要求使用 HTTPS 来保护通信，因此，请确保您的应用程序配置了 HTTPS。以下是一个示例：

server:
  ssl:
    key-store: classpath:keystore.p12
    key-store-password: changeit
    key-store-type: PKCS12
    key-alias: tomcat

7. 启动应用程序

现在，您可以启动您的 Spring Boot 应用程序，并测试 OAuth 2.0 整合是否正常工作。尝试访问受保护的资源，并验证 OAuth 2.0 授权流程。

8. 测试 OAuth 2.0 授权流程

访问未授权资源，浏览器将重定向到登录页面。
选择 OAuth 2.0 提供者（例如 Google）。
授权应用访问您的数据。
重定向回应用并访问受保护的资源。

通过以上步骤，您已经成功地将 JWT 和 OAuth 2.0 整合到 Spring Security 中。这样，您的应用程序可以利用 OAuth 2.0 和 JWT 提供的强大功能进行身份验证和授权。