方式一：使用HttpResponse

import os
from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404
def media_file_download(request, file_path):
   with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
       try:
           response = HttpResponse(f)
           response['content_type'] = "application/octet-stream"
           response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=' + os.path.basename(file_path)
           return response
       except Exception:
           raise Http404

HttpResponse有个很大的弊端，其工作原理是先读取文件，载入内存，然后再输出。如果下载文件很大，该方法会占用很多内存。对于下载大文件，Django更推荐StreamingHttpResponse和FileResponse方法，这两个方法将下载文件分批(Chunks)写入用户本地磁盘，先不将它们载入服务器内存。

方式二：使用StreamingHttpResponse （推荐使用）

import os
from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404, StreamingHttpResponse
def stream_http_download(request, file_path):
   try:
       response = StreamingHttpResponse(open(file_path, 'rb'))
       response['content_type'] = "application/octet-stream"
       response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=' + os.path.basename(file_path)
       return response
   except Exception:
       raise Http404

def file_download(request):
    file_path = 子app名/目录名/文件名'
    try:
        response = StreamingHttpResponse(open(file_path, 'rb'))
        response['content_type'] = "application/octet-stream"
        response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=' + os.path.basename(file_path)
        return response


    except Exception:
        raise Http404

方式三：使用FileResponse

import os
from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404, FileResponse
def file_response_download1(request, file_path):
   try:
       response = FileResponse(open(file_path, 'rb'))
       response['content_type'] = "application/octet-stream"
       response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=' + os.path.basename(file_path)
       return response
   except Exception:
       raise Http404

文件名中文乱码问题

其中用英文的文件名，浏览器显示正常，但是用了中文后，就是默认的文件名，如下载.xls，或者如果我用了utf-8编码，是乱码。解决方法如下：

response['Content-Disposition'] = "attachment; filename*=utf-8''{}".format(escape_uri_path(name))

文件私有化的两种方法

如果你想实现只有登录过的用户才能查看和下载某些文件，大概有两种方法，这里仅提供思路。

上传文件放在media文件夹，文件名使用很长的随机字符串命名(uuid), 让用户无法根据文件名猜出这是什么文件。视图和模板里验证用户是否已登录，登录或通过权限验证后才显示具体的url。- 简单易实现，安全性不高，但对于一般项目已足够。

上传文件放在非media文件夹，用户即使知道了具体文件地址也无法访问，因为Django只会给media文件夹里每个文件创建独立url资源。视图和模板里验证用户是否已登录，登录或通过权限验证后通过自己编写的下载方法下载文件。- 安全性高，但实现相对复杂。

个人下载文档view视图代码

from django.views import View
from django.conf import settings
from django.http import FileResponse,Http404
from django.utils.encoding import escape_uri_path
from .models import Doc
import requests
import logging
logger = logging.getLogger('django')
class Download(View):
    """
    前端传来下载doc的id，后端传给它下载地址
    """
    def get(self,request,doc_id):
        doc = Doc.objects.only('file_url').filter(is_delete=False,id = doc_id).first()
        if doc:
            doc_url = doc.file_url
            doc_url = settings.ITEM_DOMAIN_PORT + doc_url
            try:
                res = FileResponse(requests.get(doc_url,stream = True))
            except Exception as e:
                logger.info('文件获取异常：{}'.format(e))
                raise Http404('文件获取异常')
            file_end = doc_url.split('.')[-1]
            if not file_end:
                raise Http404('文档路径出错')
            else:
                file_end = file_end.lower()
            if file_end == "pdf":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/pdf"
            elif file_end == "zip":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/zip"
            elif file_end == "doc":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/msword"
            elif file_end == "xls":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/vnd.ms-excel"
            elif file_end == "docx":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"
            elif file_end == "ppt":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"
            elif file_end == "pptx":
                res["Content-type"] = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.
                presentation"
            else:
                raise Http404("文档格式不正确！")
            doc_filename = escape_uri_path(doc_url.split('/')[-1])
            # http1.1 中的规范
            # 设置为inline，会直接打开
            # attachment 浏览器会开始下载
            res["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename*=UTF-8''{}".format(doc_filename)
            return res
        else:
            raise Http404("文档不存在！")

转自：django如何从服务端下载文件到本地-Python学习网