方便快捷方式

• 查看依赖

apt-cache depends 包名(gcc或language-pack-zh-hans)

• 下载deb及其依赖包

# 下载.deb包到指定目录
cd /var/cache/apt/archives
apt-get download $(apt-cache depends --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances --no-pre-depends gcc-9 | grep -v i386 | grep "^\w")

• 使用dpkg命令离线安装

dpkg -i *.deb
gcc --version
# /usr/bin/gcc
# gcc依赖于glibc
ldd --version

• 如果gcc没找到可以加个软链接

ln -s gcc-9 gcc

• 切换为gcc-11软链接

rm gcc
ln -s gcc-11 gcc

docker运行基础版ubuntu，手动下载deb版

• 确定目标服务器版本

cat /etc/os-release  # 18.04

• 修改apt源

cd /etc/apt/
cp sources.list sources.list.backup
echo "">sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> sources.list
#更新
apt-get update

• 根据安装vim提示下载其依赖包

apt-get download vim
dpkg -i vim_*.deb

# dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of vim:
#  vim depends on vim-common (= 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5); however:
#   Package vim-common is not installed.
#  vim depends on vim-runtime (= 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5); however:
#   Package vim-runtime is not installed.
#  vim depends on libgpm2 (>= 1.20.4); however:
#   Package libgpm2 is not installed.
#  vim depends on libpython3.5 (>= 3.5.0~b1); however:
#   Package libpython3.5 is not installed.

• 手动递归边下载边安装，并且按安装顺序改名字，直到vim安装成功。然后将deb包收集到文件夹打包。
• 将包移植到离线服务器，然后解压执行。

tar -czvf vim-packages.tar.gz vim-packages
tar -xzvf vim-packages.tar.gz -C .
cd vim-packages
dpkg -i *.deb