Kubernetes学习笔记05

第十五章、使用kubeadm搭建高可用的K8s集群

kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具。

这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署：

# 创建一个 Master 节点

$ kubeadm init

# 将一个 Node 节点加入到当前集群中

$ kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 >

1. 安装要求

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
禁止swap分区

2. 准备环境

角色 IP

master1 192.168.44.155

master2 192.168.44.156

node1 192.168.44.157

VIP（虚拟ip）192.168.44.158

# 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久

setenforce 0 # 临时

# 关闭swap swapoff -a # 临时

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master添加hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF

192.168.44.158 master.k8s.io k8s-vip

192.168.44.155 master01.k8s.io master1

192.168.44.156 master02.k8s.io master2

192.168.44.157 node01.k8s.io node1

EOF

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

EOF

sysctl --system # 生效

# 时间同步

yum install ntpdate -y

ntpdate time.windows.com

3. 所有master节点部署keepalived

3.1 安装相关包和keepalived

yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl

yum install -y keepalived

3.2配置master节点

master1节点配置

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
router_id k8s
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 250
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.44.158
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}

}
EOF

master2节点配置

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
router_id k8s
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 200
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.44.158
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}

}
EOF

3.3 启动和检查

在两台master节点都执行

# 启动keepalived

$ systemctl start keepalived.service

设置开机启动

$ systemctl enable keepalived.service

# 查看启动状态

$ systemctl status keepalived.service

启动后查看master1的网卡信息

ip a s ens33

4. 部署haproxy

4.1 安装

yum install -y haproxy

4.2 配置

两台master节点的配置均相同，配置中声明了后端代理的两个master节点服务器，指定了haproxy运行的端口为16443等，因此16443端口为集群的入口

cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2

chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon

# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
bind *:16443
option tcplog
default_backend kubernetes-apiserver
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
server master01.k8s.io 192.168.44.155:6443 check
server master02.k8s.io 192.168.44.156:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
bind *:1080
stats auth admin:awesomePassword
stats refresh 5s
stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics
stats uri /admin?stats
EOF

4.3 启动和检查

两台master都启动

# 设置开机启动

$ systemctl enable haproxy

# 开启haproxy

$ systemctl start haproxy

# 查看启动状态

检查端口

netstat -lntup|grep haproxy

5. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。

5.1 安装Docker

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7

$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

$ docker --version

Docker version 18.06.1-ce, build e68fc7a

$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF

{

"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]

}

EOF

5.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF

[kubernetes]

name=Kubernetes

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

repo_gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

EOF

5.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.16.3 kubeadm-1.16.3 kubectl-1.16.3 $ systemctl enable kubelet

6. 部署Kubernetes Master

6.1 创建kubeadm配置文件

在具有vip的master上操作，这里为master1

$ mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p

$ cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/

$ vi kubeadm-config.yaml

apiServer:
certSANs:
- master1
- master2
- master.k8s.io
- 192.168.44.158
- 192.168.44.155
- 192.168.44.156
- 127.0.0.1
extraArgs:
authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.16.3
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

6.2 在master1节点执行

$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml

按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

$ kubectl get nodes

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system

按照提示保存以下内容，一会要使用：

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token jv5z7n.3y1zi95p952y9p65 \

--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:403bca185c2f3a4791685013499e7ce58f9848e2213e27194b75a2e3293d8812 \

--control-plane

查看集群状态

kubectl get cs kubectl get pods -n kube-system

7.安装集群网络

从官方地址获取到flannel的yaml，在master1上执行

mkdir flannel

cd flannel

wget -c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

安装flannel网络

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

检查

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

8、master2节点加入集群

8.1 复制密钥及相关文件

从master1复制密钥及相关文件到master2

# ssh [email protected] mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes

# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki

# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

8.2 master2加入集群

执行在master1上init后输出的join命令,需要带上参数`--control-plane`表示把master控制节点加入集群

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba --control-plane

检查状态

kubectl get node

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

9. 加入Kubernetes Node

在node1上执行

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba

集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点

kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

检查状态

kubectl get node

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

10. 测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

$ kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port