英语学习笔记部分汇总
回顾一下以前做的笔记。
内容有三：英语四级准备、英语思维、范文
英语思维是我听网易云课堂的课的笔记：英语思维养成
英语四级准备
一、考试流程
8:45进考场；9:00发试卷；
9：10写作文（30min）；9:40听听力（25min）10:05收答题卡；
10:10写阅读与翻译（70min）：11:20考试结束
二、四级分值
作文：15%；用时30分钟
听力：35%；115+210=35；用时25分钟
翻译：15%；用时28分钟
阅读：35%；0.510+110+210=35；用时5+13+122=42分钟
三、考试四步
- 写作：审题、字迹工整；30分钟
- 听力：认真听，划关键词，听关键词；
- 翻译：字迹工整；二十分钟内；
- 阅读：词汇部分看词性与词组；
长篇阅读从短到长划关键词，定位；
仔细阅读划关键词，定位，同意替换（长句）/关键词重现（短句）/推断；
四、复习准备
词汇部分：用快速原型与增量的方式学习，首先把简单、常用的词记住（700个），然后再从各角度把复杂、专有的词记住（3000个）；
作文部分：学会三种类型的写作方式（议论文、图画文、书写文）；同时积累连词，常用词；
听力部分：不在多，而在精，听懂为止；
翻译部分：练习书写，同时把握常用词和常用句；
阅读部分：重点理解同意替换；
英语思维
一、英语思维
1.用少量词表达更多意思；
二、四个核心动词
1.Be动词（表状态）：Our business is all about looks.
2.have（表所属，拥有所有权）：Do I still have your loyalty?
3.give（表给予，交出所有权）：Please give me a hand,
4.get（表拥有，获得所有权）：本意：得到——引申：理解——做一件事；I get it.
三、用词习惯（英文习惯物我平等）
1.被动句：I am lost. 2.拟人句：The line is busy.
四、介词的重要性（英文习惯用介词）
1.英文习惯用空间、时间、方位来表达逻辑关系：There is a sheet over the bed.
2.穿过（表面）across：She sailed across the street.
穿过（三维）through：The rabbit acme into yard through a hole.
3.抽象逻辑：I am behind you. Love comes before money.
五、重要的介词
1.一物承载另一物on：On your feet!
一物附属另一物with：The car has three people on it.
抽象承载：The pressure is on me.
方式承载（依靠工具）：The machine works on two batteries.
结果承载：She left on me.
状态承载：on sale、on show、on fire、on rise
2.一物在另一物内in：I sit in a couch.
在某个范围内：He will be with you in five minutes.
抽象在范围内：I wish to pass the exam in on take.
是另一物的组成部分：Peter is in advertising business.
受某种状态的影响：I am in a big trouble.
3.一物覆盖另一物over：I put a blanket over the baby.
从某一点到另一点（时/空）：over here! She told me over coffee.
超过、胜过、优于：I am so over men.
4.离开某个位置off：Get your feet off my couch.
离开某种状态：You can’t buy us off.
六、名词
1.专有名词：afternoon、hospital、mother、tea、couch；
2.抽象名词：access、course、perspective
3.具体名词：代表：fire、bottle、air、life、hour、minute、clock、house、man；
借代：a ball of string，bottle cap，kneecap，
七、补充
1.说英语要词汇，但不是背诵的越多越好。一般来说，最常用的前5000个单词，出现频率大约97%。最重要的是造句子的能力。把不同句子用在不同场景，再根据生活和工作需要，补充新词即可。
2.记单词不能集中时间学，英语不能速成，各种速成记忆方法最多只能增加短时记忆。而且如果每周学习时间超过大脑负荷的学习时间，其学习也是无效的，容易被遗忘。
3.学以致用最重要，没有用的需求，学习这个也就没必要。
4.学习需要系统，不能朝三暮四，天天邯郸学步，最后竹篮打水一场空。
范文
话语引入+联系主旨
This is a simple but enlightening saying “Listening Is more Important than talking.” Obviously/ Apparently, this saying can be naturally associated with the importance of paying attention to others’ opinions.
分析
In contemporary society, it has become a trend for young people to talk a lot and neglect others’ opinions. Meanwhile, a number of intelligent people find it increasingly important to pay attention to others’ opinions than express one’s own thoughts. To start with, listening shows your respect for others, which will make you gain trust and friendship. Thus if individuals have the habit of listening more, they can keep a happy and harmonious relationship with others. In addition, we can learn a lot by paying attention to others’ opinion. It is listening that enables people to accumulate adequate knowledge, skills and experience for their future life. As a matter of fact, successful people in large numbers have never ignored the importance of listening in life.
观点建议
As a college student, I am convinced that it is of great necessity for all youngsters to cultivate the awareness of listening whenever and wherever. We should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to do so. Only when we realize the significance of listening can we lead a better life.
这是一句简单而有启发性的话:“听比说更重要。“显然/显然，这句话可以自然地与注意别人意见的重要性联系起来。
在当代社会，青年人经常说话而忽视他人意见已成为一种趋势。与此同时，许多聪明人发现关注他人的意见比表达自己的想法更重要。首先，倾听表明你对他人的尊重，这将使你获得信任和友谊。因此，如果个人有多倾听的习惯，他们就能与他人保持幸福和谐的关系。此外，我们可以通过关注别人的意见学到很多东西。正是倾听使人们能够为未来的生活积累足够的知识、技能和经验。事实上，很多成功人士从来没有忽视过倾听在生活中的重要性。
作为一名大学生，我相信培养青少年随时随地倾听的意识是非常必要的。我们应该教育、提倡和鼓励我们的朋友、同学和熟人这样做。只有认识到倾听的重要性，我们才能过上更好的生活。
Lesson1 A puma at large
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw ‘a large cat’ only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of ‘cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。
搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.
’ One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. ‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?’ asked the vicar in surprise.
’ I’m trying to repair the bell,’ answered Bill.’ I’ve been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.’
‘You certainly did give me a surprise!’ said the vicar. ‘You’ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I’m glad the bell is working again.’
‘That’s the trouble, vicar,’ answered Bill. ‘It’s working all right, but I’m afraid that at one o’clock it will strike thirteen times and there’s nothing I can do about it.’
‘We’ll get used to that Bill,’ said the vicar. ‘Thirteen is not as good as one but it’s better than nothing. Now let’s go downstairs and have a cup of tea.’
我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金。但始终未能筹足资金把教堂的钟修好。教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。
一天夜里，我们的牧师突然被惊醒了，大钟又在“打点”报时了！他一看表，才1点钟，可是那钟一边敲了13下才停。牧师拿着一支电筒走上钟楼想去看看究竟发生了什么事情。借着电筒光。他看见一个人，马上认出那是本地杂货店主经比尔.威尔金斯。
“你究竟在这上面干什么，比尔？”牧师惊讶地问。
“我想把这口钟修好，”比尔回答说。“好几个星期了，我天天夜里到钟楼上来。嗯，我是想让你大吃一惊。”
“你确实使我大吃了一惊！”牧师说，“也许同时你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不过，钟又能报时了，我还是很高兴的。”
“问题就在这里，牧师，”比尔回答说。“不错，钟能报时了，但是，恐怕每到1点钟，它总要敲13下，对此我已无能为力了。”
“大家慢慢就习惯了，比尔，”牧师说。“13下是不如1下好，但总比1下也不敲强。来，咱们下楼去喝杯茶吧。”
Lesson 3 An unknown goddess
Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean（adj.爱琴海的；n.）island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses–often three storeys high–were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚.依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明，房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建。里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中有一尊雕像，她的躯体是在公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那身异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到精心的保护。却使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇地发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰。身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。
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