postgreSQL16.6源码安装

1.获取源码

从PostgreSQL: File Browser获取tar.bz2或者tar.gz源码

2.解压

tar xf postgresql-version.tar.bz2

root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local# tar xf postgresql-16.6.tar.bz2
root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local# ll
总计 24324
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root     4096  2月  6 11:35 ./
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 bin/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 etc/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 games/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 include/
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 lib/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 libexec/
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        9 10月  9 21:16 man -> share/man/
drwxrwxrwx  6 1107 1107     4096 11月 19 04:48 postgresql-16.6/
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 24856956  2月  6 11:34 postgresql-16.6.tar.bz2
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x  7 root root     4096 10月  9 21:19 share/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 10月  9 21:16 src/

3.编译构建程序

root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local# cd postgresql-16.6/
root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local/postgresql-16.6# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql16

可能会缺少库，按需安装即可

make&make install

编译后生成目录

root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local/pgsql16# ll
总计 24
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096  2月  7 09:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096  2月  7 09:04 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  2月  7 09:04 bin/
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096  2月  7 09:04 include/
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096  2月  7 09:04 lib/
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096  2月  7 09:04 share/

4.初始化数据库

先增加一个postgresql用户

useradd postgres
passwd postgres

创建数据目录并让它属于postgres用户

root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local/pgsql16# useradd -m postgres
root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local/pgsql16# chown postgres . /pgdata/16/data

官方useradd postgres 不加-m参数 Ubuntu可能不会创建用户家目录

root@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/usr/local/pgsql16# su - postgres
postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ ll

这种前面只有$是因为该用户shell为/bin/sh，需要改为/bin/bash

4.1 设置环境变量

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ vim .bash_profile

export PGDATA=/pgdata/16/data
export LANG=en_US.utf8
export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql16
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export PGUSER=postgres

测试是否成功

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ psql --version
psql (PostgreSQL) 16.

4.2 初始化

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ initdb -D /pgdata/16/data/
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

initdb: error: invalid locale settings; check LANG and LC_* environment variables

如果出现这个错误是因为当前用户环境使用的编码和系统编码不一致

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ locale
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
LANG=en_US.utf8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.utf8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.utf8"
LC_TIME="en_US.utf8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.utf8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.utf8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.utf8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.utf8"
LC_NAME="en_US.utf8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.utf8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.utf8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.utf8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.utf8"
LC_ALL=

查看系统编码

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ vim /etc/locale.conf


LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

系统用的CN的UTF-8，用户环境是US的UTF-8

现在修改用户环境的编码为CN UTF-8

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ vim .bashrc

后面添加

export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ source .bashrc 
postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ locale
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8

重新初始化成功

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ initdb -D /pgdata/16/data/
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /pgdata/16/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
initdb: hint: You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    pg_ctl -D /pgdata/16/data/ -l logfile start

5.启动数据库

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ pg_ctl -D/pgdata/16/data/ -l logfile start
waiting for server to start.... done
server started

查看运行状态

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ pg_ctl status
pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 94176)
/usr/local/pgsql16/bin/postgres "-D" "/pgdata/16/data"

6.测试

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ createdb test
postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ psql test
psql (16.6)
Type "help" for help.

test=# \l
                                                       List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding | Locale Provider |   Collate   |    Ctype    | ICU Locale | ICU Rules |   Access privileges   
-----------+----------+----------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------------------
 hwz2      | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |            |           | 
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |            |           | 
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |            |           | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |                 |             |             |            |           | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |            |           | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |                 |             |             |            |           | postgres=CTc/postgres
 test      | postgres | UTF8     | libc            | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |            |           | 
(5 rows)

test=# create table user(id int, name varchar(255));
ERROR:  syntax error at or near "user"
LINE 1: create table user(id int, name varchar(255));
                     ^
test=# create table user1(id int, name varchar(255));
CREATE TABLE
test=# insert into user1 values(1,'hwz'),(2,'www');
INSERT 0 2
test=# select * from user1
test-# ;
 id | name 
----+------
  1 | hwz
  2 | www
(2 rows)

test=# \q
postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$

7.关闭数据库

postgres@hwz-VMware-Virtual-Platform:~$ pg_ctl -D /pgdata/16/data/ stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped