RHCE SELINUX安全管理

1.1 SELinux入门
1.2 更改 SELinux 状态和模式
1.3 为使用非标配应用配置 SELinux
- 1.3.1 使用nginx服务配置：
- 1.3.2 指定端口号

1.1 SELinux入门

提供了一个额外的系统安全层

1.1.1 SELinux简介

Security Enhanced Linux，)实现强制访问控制(MAC)。每个进程和系统资源都有一个特殊的安全性标签,称为 SELinux 上下文（context）。

默认情况下,策略不允许任何交互,除非规则明确授予了相应的权限。

SELinux 上下文包括以下字段： user（用户）、role（角色）、type（类型）和 security level（安全级别）。

有一个策略规则允许 Apache（作为 httpd_t 运行的 Web 服务器进程）访问通常位于/var/www/html/ 和其他 Web 服务器目录中上下文的文件和目录( httpd_sys_content_t )。策略中没有允许规则适用于通常位于 /tmp 和 /var/tmp/ 中的文件，因此不允许访问。因此，当使用 SELinux时，即使 Apache 被破坏，一个恶意的脚本可以访问它，也无法访问 /tmp 目录。

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如上图所示，SELinux 允许作为 httpd_t 运行 Apache 进程访问 /var/www/html/ 目录，并且拒绝同一进程访问 /data/mysql/ 目录，因为 httpd_t 和 mysqld_db_t 类型上下文没有允许规则。另一方面，作为 mysqld_t 运行的 MariaDB 进程可以访问 /data/mysql/ 目录，SELinux 也会正确地拒绝使用 mysqld_t 类型的进程来访问标记为 httpd_sys_content_t 的 /var/www/html/ 目录。

1.1.2 运行SELinux的好处

所有进程和文件都被标记。
精细访问控制。
SELinux 策略由系统管理员进行定义，并在系统范围内强制执行。
改进了权限升级攻击的缓解方案。
SELinux 可以用来强制实施数据机密性和完整性，同时保护进程不受不可信输入的影响。

SELinux 旨在增强现有的安全解决方案，而不是替换它们。即使运行 SELinux，仍需要遵循好的安全实践，如保持软件更新、使用安全的密码、使用防火墙。

1.1.3 SELinux 示例

SELinux 如何提高安全性：

默认操作为 deny（拒绝）。
SELinux 可以限制 Linux 用户。
增加进程和数据的分离。
SELinux 可帮助缓解配置错误带来的破坏。
如果没有 SELinux，攻击者可以利用漏洞在 Apache Web 服务器上路径遍历，并使用特殊元素（如…/ ）访问存储在文件系统中的文件和目录。
使用强制（enforcing）模式的 SELinux 可以成功防止利用 kernel NULL pointer dereference operators on non-SMAP platforms (CVE-2019-9213) 安全漏洞进行攻击。
deny_ptrace SELinux boolean 和使用 enforcing 模式的 SELinux 的系统可以防止利用PTRACE_TRACEME 安全漏洞 (CVE-2019-13272) 进行的攻击。
nfs_export_all_rw 和 nfs_export_all_ro SELinux 布尔值提供了一个易于使用的工具，以防止错误配置网络文件系统 (NFS)，如意外地共享了 /home 目录。

1.1.4 SELinux 构架和软件包

1.1.5 SELinux 状态和模式

SELinux 可使用三种模式之一运行： enforcing（强制）、permissive（宽容）或 disabled（禁用）。

Enforcing 模式是默认操作模式，在 enforcing 模式下 SELinux 可正常运行，并在整个系统中强制实施载入的安全策略。
在 permissive 模式中，系统会象 enforcing 模式一样加载安全策略，包括标记对象并在日志中记录访问拒绝条目，但它并不会拒绝任何操作。不建议在生产环境系统中使用 permissive 模式，但permissive 模式对 SELinux 策略开发和调试很有帮助。
强烈建议不要使用禁用（disabled）模式。它不仅会使系统避免强制使用 SELinux 策略，还会避免为任何持久对象（如文件）添加标签，这使得在以后启用 SELinux 非常困难。

getenforce #查看当前状态
setenforce 0 #打开为 permissive 模式
setenforce 1 #打开为 enforcing 模式

在 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 中，您可以在系统处于 enforcing 模式时，将独立的域设置为 permissive模式。例如，使 httpd_t 域为 permissive 模式：

# semanage permissive -a httpd_t

可在/etc/selinux/config写配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

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1.2 更改 SELinux 状态和模式

启用后，SELinux 可使用两种模式之一运行： enforcing 或 permissive。以下介绍了如何永久更改这些模式。

1.2.1 SELinux 状态和模式的更改

使用 getenforce 或 sestatus 命令检查 SELinux 的运行模式。
getenforce 命令返回 Enforcing 、Permissive 或 Disabled 。

$ sestatus
SELinux status: enabled
SELinuxfs mount: /sys/fs/selinux
SELinux root directory: /etc/selinux
Loaded policy name: targeted
Current mode: enforcing
Mode from config file: enforcing
Policy MLS status: enabled
Policy deny_unknown status: allowed
Memory protection checking: actual (secure)
Max kernel policy version: 31

当系统以 permissive 模式运行 SELinux 时，用户和进程可能会错误地标记各种文件系统对象。当禁用
SELinux 时创建的文件系统对象不会被标记。这会在将 SELinux 改为 enforcing 模式时导致问题，因为SELinux 依赖于正确的文件系统对象标签。

所以，在切换模式时要重启

为防止错误标记和未标记的文件造成问题，SELinux 在从 disabled 状态更改为 permissive 或 enforcing 模式时自动重新标记文件系统。以 root 用户身份使用 fixfiles -F onboot 命令创建包含 -F 选项的 /.autorelabel 文件，以确保在下次重启时重新标记文件。

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /
.  ..  afs  bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@localhost ~]# fixfiles -F onboot 
System will relabel on next boot
[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /
.   afs           bin   dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
..  .autorelabel  boot  etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@localhost ~]#

也可以使用 touch /.autorelabel

只要有这个文件，就会在重启的时候重新打标签（尽量在 permissiv 模式下）

1.2.2 切换到 permissive 模式

当 SELinux 是以 permissive 模式运行时，不会强制 SELinux 策略。系统可保持正常操作，SELinux 不会拒绝任何操作，而只是记录 AVC 信息，它们可用于故障排除、调试和 SELinux 策略改进。每个 AVC 在这个示例中仅记录一次。

先决条件：
- selinux-policy-targeted 、 libselinux-utils 和 policycoreutils 软件包已安装在您的系
  统中。
- 未使用 selinux=0 或 enforcing=0 内核参数。
步骤：
- 文本编辑器中打开 /etc/selinux/config 文件
- 配置 SELINUX=permissive 选项：

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=permissive
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

重启系统
- reboot

重启以后仍为宽容模式：

配置文件改为 permissive
setenforcing 0

1.2.3 切换到 enforcing 模式

当 SELinux 处于 enforcing 模式时，它会强制 SELinux 策略并根据 SELinux 策略规则拒绝访问。在 RHEL 中，当系统最初使用 SELinux 安装时，默认启用 enforcing 模式。

切换到 enforcing 模式后，SELinux 可能会因为不正确或缺少 SELinux 策略规则而拒绝某些操作。要查看 SELinux 拒绝的操作，以 root 用户身份输入以下命令：

# ausearch -m AVC,USER_AVC,SELINUX_ERR,USER_SELINUX_ERR -ts today

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1.3 为使用非标配应用配置 SELinux

当 SELinux 处于 enforcing 模式时，默认策略是目标（targeted）策略。

1.3.1 使用nginx服务配置：

配置nginx服务
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
vim xixi.conf
server{
   root  /www/;
   server_name   www.xixi.com;
   access.log  /var/log/nginx/xixi/access.log;
   error.log  /var/log/nginx/xixi/error.log;
}

mkdir /www
mkdir -p /var/log/nginx/xixi

echo welcome to xixi > /www/index.html

vim /etc/hosts
192.168.74.10  www.xixi.com
systemctl restart nginx

curl www.xixi.com #不能访问，403拒绝

cat /var/log/nginx/xixi/error.log
/www/index.html"is forbidden (13:Permission
n denied)
tail -f /var/log/messages
tail -f /var/log/messages | grep index.html

semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/www/index.html'
restorecon -v /www/index.html

这两条命令简化成一个 chcon -t httpd_sys_content /www/index.html

ll /www/ -Z
total 4
-rw-r--r--.1 root root unconfined u:object r:httpd sys_content_t:s0 16 Nov 16 20:44 index.html

curl www.xixi.com #访问正确

tail -f /var/log/messages | grep index.html
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim xixi.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir /www
[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir /var/log/nginx/xixi
[root@localhost conf.d]# echo welcome to xixi > /www/index.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl www.xixi.com
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>

[root@localhost conf.d]# tail -f /var/log/messages | grep index.html
Nov 25 19:38:03 localhost setroubleshoot[2530]: SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/nginx from getattr access on the file /www/index.html. For complete SELinux messages run: sealert -l 78d53407-a038-4926-91fb-3b0fc9d88e0a
Nov 25 19:38:03 localhost setroubleshoot[2530]: SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/nginx from getattr access on the file /www/index.html.
#012#012*****  Plugin catchall_labels (83.8 confidence) suggests   *******************#012
#012If you want to allow nginx to have getattr access on the index.html file
#012Then you need to change the label on /www/index.html#012Do#012# semanage fcontext -a -t FILE_TYPE '/www/index.html'#012where FILE_TYPE is one of the following: NetworkManager_dispatcher_chronyc_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_cloud_script_t, .....

在这里插入图片描述

[root@localhost conf.d]# sealert -l 78d53407-a038-4926-91fb-3b0fc9d88e0a
SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/nginx from getattr access on the file /www/index.html.

*****  Plugin catchall_labels (83.8 confidence) suggests   *******************

If you want to allow nginx to have getattr access on the index.html file
Then you need to change the label on /www/index.html
Do
# semanage fcontext -a -t FILE_TYPE '/www/index.html'
where FILE_TYPE is one of the following: NetworkManager_dispatcher_chronyc_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_cloud_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_console_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_ddclient_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_dhclient_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_dnssec_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_exec_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_iscsid_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_sendmail_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_tlp_script_t, NetworkManager_dispatcher_winbind_script_t, NetworkManager_exec_t, NetworkManager_log_t, NetworkManager_priv_helper_exec_t, NetworkManager_tmp_t, abrt_dump_oops_exec_t, abrt_etc_t, abrt_exec_t, abrt_handle_event_exec_t, abrt_helper_exec_t, abrt_retrace_coredump_exec_t, abrt_retrace_spool_t, abrt_retrace_worker_exec_t, abrt_tmp_t, abrt_upload_watch_tmp_t, abrt_var_cache_t, abrt_var_log_t, abrt_var_run_t, accountsd_exec_t, acct_data_t, acct_exec_t, admin_crontab_tmp_t, admin_passwd_exec_t, afs_logfile_t, aide_exec_t, aide_log_t, alsa_exec_t, alsa_tmp_t, amanda_exec_t, amanda_log_t, amanda_recover_exec_t, amanda_tmp_t, amtu_exec_t, anacron_exec_t, antivirus_exec_t, antivirus_log_t, antivirus_tmp_t, apcupsd_cgi_content_t, apcupsd_cgi_htaccess_t, apcupsd_cgi_ra_content_t, apcupsd_cgi_rw_content_t, apcupsd_cgi_script_exec_t, apcupsd_log_t, apcupsd_tmp_t, apm_exec_t, apmd_log_t, apmd_tmp_t, arpwatch_tmp_t, asterisk_log_t, asterisk_tmp_t, audisp_exec_t, auditadm_sudo_tmp_t, auditctl_exec_t, auditd_tmp_t, auth_cache_t, authconfig_exec_t, automount_tmp_t, avahi_exec_t, awstats_content_t, awstats_htaccess_t, awstats_ra_content_t, awstats_rw_content_t, awstats_script_exec_t, awstats_tmp_t, bacula_admin_exec_t, bacula_log_t, bacula_tmp_t, bacula_unconfined_script_exec_t, bin_t, bitlbee_log_t, bitlbee_tmp_t, blueman_exec_t, blueman_tmp_t, bluetooth_helper_exec_t, bluetooth_helper_tmp_t, bluetooth_helper_tmpfs_t, bluetooth_tmp_t, boinc_log_t, boinc_project_tmp_t, boinc_tmp_t, boot_t, bootloader_exec_t, bootloader_tmp_t, brctl_exec_t, brltty_log_t, bugzilla_content_t, bugzilla_htaccess_t, bugzilla_ra_content_t, bugzilla_rw_content_t, bugzilla_script_exec_t, bugzilla_tmp_t, calamaris_exec_t, calamaris_log_t, calamaris_www_t, callweaver_log_t, canna_log_t, cardctl_exec_t, cardmgr_dev_t, ccs_tmp_t, ccs_var_lib_t, ccs_var_log_t, cdcc_exec_t, cdcc_tmp_t, cdrecord_exec_t, cert_t, certmaster_var_log_t, certmonger_tmp_t, certmonger_unconfined_exec_t, certwatch_exec_t, cfengine_log_t, cgred_log_t, cgroup_t, checkpc_exec_t, checkpc_log_t, checkpolicy_exec_t, chfn_exec_t, chkpwd_exec_t, chrome_sandbox_exec_t, chrome_sandbox_nacl_exec_t, chrome_sandbox_tmp_t, chronyc_exec_t, chronyd_tmp_t, chronyd_var_log_t, cinder_api_tmp_t, cinder_backup_tmp_t, cinder_log_t, cinder_scheduler_tmp_t, cinder_volume_tmp_t, cloud_init_tmp_t, cloud_log_t, cluster_conf_t, cluster_tmp_t, cluster_var_lib_t, cluster_var_log_t, cluster_var_run_t, cobbler_etc_t, cobbler_tmp_t, cobbler_var_lib_t, cobbler_var_log_t, cockpit_tmp_t, cockpit_tmpfs_t, collectd_content_t, collectd_htaccess_t, collectd_log_t, collectd_ra_content_t, collectd_rw_content_t, collectd_script_exec_t, collectd_script_tmp_t, colord_exec_t, colord_tmp_t, comsat_tmp_t, condor_log_t, condor_master_tmp_t, condor_schedd_tmp_t, condor_startd_tmp_t, conman_log_t, conman_tmp_t, conman_unconfined_script_exec_t, conntrackd_log_t, consolehelper_exec_t, consolekit_exec_t, consolekit_log_t, couchdb_log_t, couchdb_tmp_t, courier_exec_t, cpu_online_t, cpucontrol_exec_t, cpufreqselector_exec_t, cpuspeed_exec_t, crack_exec_t, crack_tmp_t, cron_log_t, crond_tmp_t, crontab_exec_t, crontab_tmp_t, ctdbd_log_t, ctdbd_tmp_t, cups_pdf_tmp_t, cupsd_config_exec_t, cupsd_log_t, cupsd_lpd_tmp_t, cupsd_tmp_t, cvs_content_t, cvs_data_t, cvs_exec_t, cvs_htaccess_t, cvs_ra_content_t, cvs_rw_content_t, cvs_script_exec_t, cvs_tmp_t, cyphesis_exec_t, cyphesis_log_t, cyphesis_tmp_t, cyrus_tmp_t, dbadm_sudo_tmp_t, dbskkd_tmp_t, dbusd_etc_t, dbusd_exec_t, dcc_client_exec_t, dcc_client_tmp_t, dcc_dbclean_exec_t, dcc_dbclean_tmp_t, dccd_tmp_t, dccifd_tmp_t, dccm_tmp_t, ddclient_log_t, ddclient_tmp_t, debuginfo_exec_t, deltacloudd_log_t, deltacloudd_tmp_t, denyhosts_var_log_t, devicekit_disk_exec_t, devicekit_exec_t, devicekit_power_exec_t, devicekit_tmp_t, devicekit_var_log_t, dhcpc_exec_t, dhcpc_tmp_t, dhcpd_tmp_t, dirsrv_config_t, dirsrv_share_t, dirsrv_snmp_var_log_t, dirsrv_tmp_t, dirsrv_var_log_t, dirsrv_var_run_t, dirsrvadmin_config_t, dirsrvadmin_content_t, dirsrvadmin_htaccess_t, dirsrvadmin_ra_content_t, dirsrvadmin_rw_content_t, dirsrvadmin_script_exec_t, dirsrvadmin_tmp_t, dirsrvadmin_unconfined_script_exec_t, disk_munin_plugin_exec_t, disk_munin_plugin_tmp_t, dkim_milter_tmp_t, dlm_controld_var_log_t, dmesg_exec_t, dmidecode_exec_t, dnsmasq_tmp_t, dnsmasq_var_log_t, dnssec_trigger_tmp_t, dovecot_auth_tmp_t, dovecot_deliver_tmp_t, dovecot_tmp_t, dovecot_var_log_t, drbd_tmp_t, dspam_content_t, dspam_htaccess_t, dspam_log_t, dspam_ra_content_t, dspam_rw_content_t, dspam_script_exec_t, efivarfs_t, etc_runtime_t, etc_t, evtchnd_var_log_t, exim_exec_t, exim_log_t, exim_tmp_t, fail2ban_client_exec_t, fail2ban_log_t, fail2ban_tmp_t, fail2ban_var_lib_t, faillog_t, fdo_tmp_t, fenced_tmp_t, fenced_var_log_t, fetchmail_exec_t, fetchmail_log_t, file_context_t, fingerd_log_t, firewalld_exec_t, firewalld_tmp_t, firewalld_var_log_t, firewallgui_exec_t, firewallgui_tmp_t, firstboot_exec_t, flatpak_helper_exec_t, foghorn_var_log_t, fonts_cache_t, fonts_t, fprintd_exec_t, fprintd_tmp_t, freqset_exec_t, fsadm_exec_t, fsadm_log_t, fsadm_tmp_t, fsdaemon_tmp_t, ftpd_tmp_t, ftpdctl_exec_t, ftpdctl_tmp_t, fwupd_exec_t, games_exec_t, games_tmp_t, games_tmpfs_t, gconf_tmp_t, gconfd_exec_t, gconfdefaultsm_exec_t, geoclue_exec_t, geoclue_tmp_t, getty_exec_t, getty_log_t, getty_tmp_t, gfs_controld_var_log_t, git_content_t, git_htaccess_t, git_ra_content_t, git_rw_content_t, git_script_exec_t, git_script_tmp_t, git_sys_content_t, gitd_exec_t, gitosis_exec_t, gitosis_var_lib_t, gkeyringd_exec_t, gkeyringd_tmp_t, glance_log_t, glance_registry_tmp_t, glance_tmp_t, glusterd_log_t, glusterd_tmp_t, gnomesystemmm_exec_t, gpg_agent_exec_t, gpg_agent_tmp_t, gpg_agent_tmpfs_t, gpg_exec_t, gpg_helper_exec_t, gpg_pinentry_tmp_t, gpg_pinentry_tmpfs_t, gpm_tmp_t, gpsd_exec_t, groupadd_exec_t, groupd_var_log_t, gssd_tmp_t, haproxy_var_log_t, hostname_etc_t, hostname_exec_t, hsqldb_tmp_t, httpd_cache_t, httpd_config_t, httpd_exec_t, httpd_helper_exec_t, httpd_keytab_t, httpd_lock_t, httpd_log_t, httpd_modules_t, httpd_passwd_exec_t, httpd_php_exec_t, httpd_php_tmp_t, httpd_rotatelogs_exec_t, httpd_squirrelmail_t, httpd_suexec_exec_t, httpd_suexec_tmp_t, httpd_sys_content_t, httpd_sys_htaccess_t, httpd_sys_ra_content_t, httpd_sys_rw_content_t, httpd_sys_script_exec_t, httpd_tmp_t, httpd_tmpfs_t, httpd_unconfined_script_exec_t, httpd_user_htaccess_t, httpd_user_ra_content_t, httpd_user_rw_content_t, httpd_user_script_exec_t, httpd_var_lib_t, httpd_var_run_t, hugetlbfs_t, hwclock_exec_t, hwloc_dhwd_exec_t, ibacm_log_t, ica_tmpfs_t, iceauth_exec_t, icecast_exec_t, icecast_log_t, ifconfig_exec_t, inetd_child_tmp_t, inetd_log_t, inetd_tmp_t, init_tmp_t, initrc_tmp_t, initrc_var_log_t, innd_log_t, insights_client_tmp_t, insights_client_var_log_t, install_exec_t, iotop_exec_t, ipsec_log_t, ipsec_mgmt_exec_t, ipsec_tmp_t, iptables_exec_t, iptables_tmp_t, irc_exec_t, irssi_exec_t, iscsi_log_t, iscsi_tmp_t, iso9660_t, iwhd_log_t, jetty_cache_t, jetty_log_t, jetty_tmp_t, jetty_unit_file_t, jetty_var_lib_t, jetty_var_run_t, jockey_exec_t, jockey_var_log_t, journalctl_exec_t, kadmind_log_t, kadmind_tmp_t, kdump_exec_t, kdumpctl_tmp_t, kdumpgui_exec_t, kdumpgui_tmp_t, keepalived_tmp_t, keepalived_unconfined_script_exec_t, keystone_cgi_content_t, keystone_cgi_htaccess_t, keystone_cgi_ra_content_t, keystone_cgi_rw_content_t, keystone_cgi_script_exec_t, keystone_log_t, keystone_tmp_t, kismet_exec_t, kismet_log_t, kismet_tmp_t, kismet_tmpfs_t, klogd_tmp_t, kmod_exec_t, kmod_tmp_t, kpatch_exec_t, krb5_conf_t, krb5_host_rcache_t, krb5_keytab_t, krb5kdc_conf_t, krb5kdc_log_t, krb5kdc_tmp_t, ksmtuned_log_t, ktalkd_log_t, ktalkd_tmp_t, l2tpd_tmp_t, lastlog_t, ld_so_cache_t, ld_so_t, ldconfig_exec_t, ldconfig_tmp_t, lib_t, livecd_exec_t, livecd_tmp_t, load_policy_exec_t, loadkeys_exec_t, locale_t, locate_exec_t, lockdev_exec_t, login_exec_t, logrotate_mail_tmp_t, logrotate_tmp_t, logwatch_exec_t, logwatch_mail_tmp_t, logwatch_tmp_t, lpd_tmp_t, lpr_exec_t, lpr_tmp_t, lsassd_tmp_t, lsmd_plugin_exec_t, lsmd_plugin_tmp_t, lvm_exec_t, lvm_tmp_t, machineid_t, mail_munin_plugin_exec_t, mail_munin_plugin_tmp_t, mailman_archive_t, mailman_cgi_exec_t, mailman_cgi_tmp_t, mailman_data_t, mailman_log_t, mailman_mail_tmp_t, mailman_queue_tmp_t, man2html_content_t, man2html_htaccess_t, man2html_ra_content_t, man2html_rw_content_t, man2html_script_exec_t, man_cache_t, man_t, mandb_cache_t, mcelog_exec_t, mcelog_log_t, mdadm_log_t, mdadm_tmp_t, mediawiki_content_t, mediawiki_htaccess_t, mediawiki_ra_content_t, mediawiki_rw_content_t, mediawiki_script_exec_t, mediawiki_tmp_t, mencoder_exec_t, minidlna_log_t, mirrormanager_exec_t, mirrormanager_log_t, mirrormanager_var_lib_t, mirrormanager_var_run_t, mock_build_exec_t, mock_exec_t, mock_tmp_t, modemmanager_exec_t, mojomojo_content_t, mojomojo_htaccess_t, mojomojo_ra_content_t, mojomojo_rw_content_t, mojomojo_script_exec_t, mojomojo_tmp_t, mongod_log_t, mongod_tmp_t, motion_log_t, mount_ecryptfs_exec_t, mount_exec_t, mount_tmp_t, mozilla_exec_t, mozilla_plugin_config_exec_t, mozilla_plugin_exec_t, mozilla_plugin_tmp_t, mozilla_plugin_tmpfs_t, mozilla_tmp_t, mozilla_tmpfs_t, mpd_exec_t, mpd_log_t, mpd_tmp_t, mplayer_exec_t, mplayer_tmpfs_t, mrtg_exec_t, mrtg_log_t, mrtg_tmp_t, mscan_tmp_t, munin_content_t, munin_etc_t, munin_htaccess_t, munin_log_t, munin_ra_content_t, munin_rw_content_t, munin_script_exec_t, munin_script_tmp_t, munin_tmp_t, mysqld_etc_t, mysqld_log_t, mysqld_tmp_t, mythtv_content_t, mythtv_htaccess_t, mythtv_ra_content_t, mythtv_rw_content_t, mythtv_script_exec_t, mythtv_var_log_t, naemon_log_t, nagios_admin_plugin_exec_t, nagios_checkdisk_plugin_exec_t, nagios_content_t, nagios_etc_t, nagios_eventhandler_plugin_exec_t, nagios_eventhandler_plugin_tmp_t, nagios_htaccess_t, nagios_log_t, nagios_mail_plugin_exec_t, nagios_openshift_plugin_exec_t, nagios_openshift_plugin_tmp_t, nagios_ra_content_t, nagios_rw_content_t, nagios_script_exec_t, nagios_services_plugin_exec_t, nagios_system_plugin_exec_t, nagios_system_plugin_tmp_t, nagios_tmp_t, nagios_unconfined_plugin_exec_t, nagios_var_lib_t, named_cache_t, named_checkconf_exec_t, named_exec_t, named_log_t, named_tmp_t, namespace_init_exec_t, ncftool_exec_t, ndc_exec_t, net_conf_t, netlabel_mgmt_exec_t, netutils_exec_t, netutils_tmp_t, neutron_log_t, neutron_tmp_t, newrole_exec_t, nfsd_tmp_t, nova_log_t, nova_tmp_t, nscd_log_t, nsd_log_t, nsd_tmp_t, ntop_tmp_t, ntpd_log_t, ntpd_tmp_t, ntpdate_exec_t, numad_var_log_t, nut_upsd_tmp_t, nut_upsdrvctl_tmp_t, nut_upsmon_tmp_t, nutups_cgi_content_t, nutups_cgi_htaccess_t, nutups_cgi_ra_content_t, nutups_cgi_rw_content_t, nutups_cgi_script_exec_t, nx_server_tmp_t, obex_exec_t, oddjob_mkhomedir_exec_t, opendnssec_tmp_t, openhpid_log_t, openshift_app_tmp_t, openshift_cgroup_read_exec_t, openshift_cgroup_read_tmp_t, openshift_content_t, openshift_cron_tmp_t, openshift_htaccess_t, openshift_initrc_tmp_t, openshift_log_t, openshift_net_read_exec_t, openshift_ra_content_t, openshift_rw_content_t, openshift_script_exec_t, openshift_tmp_t, openshift_var_lib_t, opensm_log_t, openvpn_status_t, openvpn_tmp_t, openvpn_var_log_t, openvswitch_log_t, openvswitch_tmp_t, openwsman_log_t, openwsman_tmp_t, oracleasm_tmp_t, osad_log_t, pads_exec_t, pam_console_exec_t, pam_timestamp_tmp_t, passenger_exec_t, passenger_log_t, passenger_tmp_t, passenger_var_lib_t, passenger_var_run_t, passwd_exec_t, passwd_file_t, pcp_log_t, pcp_tmp_t, pcscd_var_run_t, pdns_control_exec_t, pegasus_openlmi_storage_tmp_t, pegasus_tmp_t, pesign_tmp_t, pinentry_exec_t, ping_exec_t, piranha_log_t, piranha_web_tmp_t, pkcs11_modules_conf_t, pkcs_slotd_log_t, pkcs_slotd_tmp_t, pki_log_t, pki_ra_etc_rw_t, pki_ra_log_t, pki_ra_var_lib_t, pki_ra_var_run_t, pki_tomcat_cert_t, pki_tomcat_log_t, pki_tomcat_tmp_t, pki_tps_etc_rw_t, pki_tps_log_t, pki_tps_var_lib_t, pki_tps_var_run_t, plymouth_exec_t, plymouthd_var_log_t, podsleuth_exec_t, podsleuth_tmp_t, podsleuth_tmpfs_t, policykit_auth_exec_t, policykit_exec_t, policykit_grant_exec_t, policykit_resolve_exec_t, policykit_tmp_t, polipo_exec_t, polipo_log_t, portmap_helper_exec_t, portmap_tmp_t, postfix_bounce_tmp_t, postfix_cleanup_tmp_t, postfix_exec_t, postfix_local_tmp_t, postfix_map_exec_t, postfix_map_tmp_t, postfix_pickup_tmp_t, postfix_pipe_tmp_t, postfix_postdrop_exec_t, postfix_postdrop_t, postfix_postqueue_exec_t, postfix_qmgr_tmp_t, postfix_showq_exec_t, postfix_smtp_tmp_t, postfix_smtpd_tmp_t, postfix_virtual_tmp_t, postgresql_log_t, postgresql_tmp_t, pppd_exec_t, pppd_log_t, pppd_tmp_t, pptp_log_t, prelink_exec_t, prelink_log_t, prelink_tmp_t, prelude_lml_tmp_t, prelude_log_t, preupgrade_data_t, preupgrade_exec_t, prewikka_content_t, prewikka_htaccess_t, prewikka_ra_content_t, prewikka_rw_content_t, prewikka_script_exec_t, privoxy_log_t, proc_t, procmail_exec_t, procmail_log_t, procmail_tmp_t, prosody_log_t, prosody_tmp_t, psad_tmp_t, psad_var_log_t, ptchown_exec_t, public_content_rw_t, public_content_t, pulseaudio_exec_t, pulseaudio_tmpfs_t, puppet_log_t, puppet_tmp_t, puppet_var_lib_t, puppetca_exec_t, puppetmaster_tmp_t, pwauth_exec_t, pyicqt_log_t, qdiskd_var_log_t, qemu_exec_t, qmail_tcp_env_exec_t, qpidd_tmp_t, quota_exec_t, rabbitmq_tmp_t, rabbitmq_var_log_t, racoon_tmp_t, radiusd_log_t, readahead_exec_t, realmd_exec_t, realmd_tmp_t, realmd_var_lib_t, redis_log_t, redis_tmp_t, rhcd_tmp_t, rhcd_var_log_t, rhev_agentd_log_t, rhev_agentd_tmp_t, rhsmcertd_exec_t, rhsmcertd_log_t, rhsmcertd_tmp_t, ricci_modcluster_var_log_t, ricci_tmp_t, ricci_var_log_t, rkhunter_var_lib_t, rlogind_tmp_t, rolekit_tmp_t, rpcbind_tmp_t, rpm_exec_t, rpm_log_t, rpm_script_tmp_t, rpm_tmp_t, rpmdb_exec_t, rpmdb_tmp_t, rrdcached_tmp_t, rssh_chroot_helper_exec_t, rssh_exec_t, rsync_exec_t, rsync_log_t, rsync_tmp_t, rtas_errd_log_t, rtas_errd_tmp_t, rtkit_daemon_exec_t, run_init_exec_t, samba_etc_t, samba_log_t, samba_net_exec_t, samba_net_tmp_t, samba_var_t, sambagui_exec_t, sanlock_log_t, sbd_tmpfs_t, sblim_tmp_t, screen_exec_t, secadm_sudo_tmp_t, sectool_tmp_t, sectool_var_log_t, sectoolm_exec_t, security_t, selinux_munin_plugin_exec_t, selinux_munin_plugin_tmp_t, semanage_exec_t, semanage_tmp_t, sendmail_exec_t, sendmail_log_t, sendmail_tmp_t, sensord_log_t, services_munin_plugin_exec_t, services_munin_plugin_tmp_t, session_dbusd_tmp_t, setfiles_exec_t, setkey_exec_t, setroubleshoot_fixit_exec_t, setroubleshoot_fixit_tmp_t, setroubleshoot_tmp_t, setroubleshoot_var_log_t, setroubleshootd_exec_t, setsebool_exec_t, seunshare_exec_t, sge_job_exec_t, sge_shepherd_exec_t, sge_tmp_t, shell_exec_t, shorewall_log_t, shorewall_tmp_t, showmount_exec_t, slapd_cert_t, slapd_log_t, slapd_tmp_t, slpd_log_t, smbcontrol_exec_t, smbd_tmp_t, smokeping_cgi_content_t, smokeping_cgi_htaccess_t, smokeping_cgi_ra_content_t, smokeping_cgi_rw_content_t, smokeping_cgi_script_exec_t, smokeping_var_lib_t, smokeping_var_run_t, smoltclient_exec_t, smoltclient_tmp_t, smsd_log_t, smsd_tmp_t, snapperd_exec_t, snapperd_log_t, snmpd_log_t, snort_log_t, snort_tmp_t, sosreport_exec_t, sosreport_tmp_t, soundd_tmp_t, spamc_exec_t, spamc_tmp_t, spamd_log_t, spamd_tmp_t, spamd_update_exec_t, speech_dispatcher_exec_t, speech_dispatcher_log_t, speech_dispatcher_tmp_t, squid_content_t, squid_cron_exec_t, squid_htaccess_t, squid_log_t, squid_ra_content_t, squid_rw_content_t, squid_script_exec_t, squid_tmp_t, squirrelmail_spool_t, src_t, ssh_agent_exec_t, ssh_agent_tmp_t, ssh_exec_t, ssh_keygen_exec_t, ssh_keygen_tmp_t, ssh_keysign_exec_t, ssh_tmpfs_t, sssd_public_t, sssd_selinux_manager_exec_t, sssd_var_lib_t, sssd_var_log_t, staff_sudo_tmp_t, stapserver_log_t, stapserver_tmp_t, stapserver_tmpfs_t, stunnel_log_t, stunnel_tmp_t, su_exec_t, sudo_exec_t, sudo_log_t, sulogin_exec_t, svc_multilog_exec_t, svc_run_exec_t, svc_start_exec_t, svirt_tmp_t, svnserve_log_t, svnserve_tmp_t, swat_tmp_t, swift_tmp_t, sysadm_passwd_tmp_t, sysadm_sudo_tmp_t, sysfs_t, syslogd_tmp_t, sysstat_exec_t, sysstat_log_t, system_conf_t, system_cronjob_tmp_t, system_db_t, system_dbusd_tmp_t, system_dbusd_var_lib_t, system_mail_tmp_t, system_munin_plugin_exec_t, system_munin_plugin_tmp_t, systemd_importd_tmp_t, systemd_logind_var_run_t, systemd_notify_exec_t, systemd_passwd_agent_exec_t, systemd_passwd_var_run_t, systemd_systemctl_exec_t, targetclid_tmp_t, targetd_tmp_t, tcpd_tmp_t, telepathy_gabble_exec_t, telepathy_gabble_tmp_t, telepathy_idle_exec_t, telepathy_idle_tmp_t, telepathy_logger_exec_t, telepathy_logger_tmp_t, telepathy_mission_control_exec_t, telepathy_mission_control_tmp_t, telepathy_msn_exec_t, telepathy_msn_tmp_t, telepathy_salut_exec_t, telepathy_salut_tmp_t, telepathy_sofiasip_exec_t, telepathy_sofiasip_tmp_t, telepathy_stream_engine_exec_t, telepathy_stream_engine_tmp_t, telepathy_sunshine_exec_t, telepathy_sunshine_tmp_t, telnetd_tmp_t, tetex_data_t, textrel_shlib_t, tgtd_tmp_t, thin_aeolus_configserver_log_t, thin_log_t, thumb_exec_t, thumb_tmp_t, tmp_t, tmpreaper_exec_t, tomcat_log_t, tomcat_tmp_t, tor_var_log_t, traceroute_exec_t, tuned_log_t, tuned_tmp_t, tvtime_exec_t, tvtime_tmp_t, tvtime_tmpfs_t, udev_tmp_t, udev_var_run_t, ulogd_var_log_t, uml_exec_t, uml_tmp_t, uml_tmpfs_t, unconfined_exec_t, unconfined_munin_plugin_exec_t, unconfined_munin_plugin_tmp_t, updfstab_exec_t, usbmodules_exec_t, user_cron_spool_t, user_fonts_t, user_home_t, user_mail_tmp_t, user_tmp_t, useradd_exec_t, userhelper_exec_t, usernetctl_exec_t, usr_t, utempter_exec_t, uucpd_log_t, uucpd_tmp_t, uux_exec_t, var_lib_t, var_log_t, var_spool_t, varnishd_tmp_t, varnishlog_log_t, vdagent_log_t, virsh_exec_t, virt_log_t, virt_qemu_ga_log_t, virt_qemu_ga_tmp_t, virt_qemu_ga_unconfined_exec_t, virt_tmp_t, virt_var_lib_t, virtd_lxc_exec_t, vlock_exec_t, vmtools_helper_exec_t, vmtools_tmp_t, vmtools_unconfined_exec_t, vmware_exec_t, vmware_host_tmp_t, vmware_log_t, vmware_tmp_t, vmware_tmpfs_t, vnstat_exec_t, vpnc_exec_t, vpnc_tmp_t, w3c_validator_content_t, w3c_validator_htaccess_t, w3c_validator_ra_content_t, w3c_validator_rw_content_t, w3c_validator_script_exec_t, w3c_validator_tmp_t, watchdog_log_t, watchdog_unconfined_exec_t, webadm_tmp_t, webalizer_content_t, webalizer_exec_t, webalizer_htaccess_t, webalizer_ra_content_t, webalizer_rw_content_t, webalizer_script_exec_t, webalizer_tmp_t, winbind_log_t, winbind_rpcd_exec_t, winbind_rpcd_tmp_t, wine_exec_t, wireshark_exec_t, wireshark_tmp_t, wireshark_tmpfs_t, wpa_cli_exec_t, wtmp_t, xauth_exec_t, xauth_tmp_t, xdm_exec_t, xdm_log_t, xdm_unconfined_exec_t, xend_tmp_t, xend_var_log_t, xenstored_tmp_t, xenstored_var_log_t, xferlog_t, xserver_exec_t, xserver_log_t, xserver_tmpfs_t, ypbind_tmp_t, ypserv_tmp_t, zabbix_log_t, zabbix_script_exec_t, zabbix_tmp_t, zarafa_deliver_log_t, zarafa_deliver_tmp_t, zarafa_gateway_log_t, zarafa_ical_log_t, zarafa_indexer_log_t, zarafa_indexer_tmp_t, zarafa_monitor_log_t, zarafa_server_log_t, zarafa_server_tmp_t, zarafa_spooler_log_t, zarafa_var_lib_t, zebra_log_t, zebra_tmp_t, zoneminder_content_t, zoneminder_exec_t, zoneminder_htaccess_t, zoneminder_log_t, zoneminder_ra_content_t, zoneminder_rw_content_t, zoneminder_script_exec_t, zoneminder_var_lib_t, zos_remote_exec_t.
Then execute:
restorecon -v '/www/index.html'


*****  Plugin catchall (17.1 confidence) suggests   **************************

If you believe that nginx should be allowed getattr access on the index.html file by default.
Then you should report this as a bug.
You can generate a local policy module to allow this access.
Do
allow this access for now by executing:
# ausearch -c 'nginx' --raw | audit2allow -M my-nginx
# semodule -X 300 -i my-nginx.pp


Additional Information:
Source Context                system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0
Target Context                unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0
Target Objects                /www/index.html [ file ]
Source                        nginx
Source Path                   /usr/sbin/nginx
Port                          <Unknown>
Host                          localhost.localdomain
Source RPM Packages           nginx-core-1.20.1-14.el9_2.1.x86_64
Target RPM Packages           
SELinux Policy RPM            selinux-policy-targeted-38.1.23-1.el9.noarch
Local Policy RPM              selinux-policy-targeted-38.1.23-1.el9.noarch
Selinux Enabled               True
Policy Type                   targeted
Enforcing Mode                Enforcing
Host Name                     localhost.localdomain
Platform                      Linux localhost.localdomain
                              5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC
                              Tue Oct 3 11:12:36 EDT 2023 x86_64 x86_64
Alert Count                   1
First Seen                    2024-11-25 19:37:59 CST
Last Seen                     2024-11-25 19:37:59 CST
Local ID                      78d53407-a038-4926-91fb-3b0fc9d88e0a

Raw Audit Messages
type=AVC msg=audit(1732534679.491:149): avc:  denied  { getattr } for  pid=2525 comm="nginx" path="/www/index.html" dev="dm-0" ino=18102681 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 tclass=file permissive=0


type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1732534679.491:149): arch=x86_64 syscall=newfstatat success=no exit=EACCES a0=ffffff9c a1=5604c174a194 a2=7ffef6274540 a3=0 items=0 ppid=2522 pid=2525 auid=4294967295 uid=978 gid=976 euid=978 suid=978 fsuid=978 egid=976 sgid=976 fsgid=976 tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm=nginx exe=/usr/sbin/nginx subj=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 key=(null)

Hash: nginx,httpd_t,default_t,file,getattr

在这里插入图片描述

chcon -t httpd_sys_content /www/index.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t /www/index.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# restorecon -v /www/index.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# ll /www/ -Z
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 16 Nov 25 19:31 index.html
[root@localhost conf.d]# curl www.xixi.com
welcome to xixi

httpd_sys_content_t 否则此处为 default

1.3.2 指定端口号

semanage port --list
semanage port --list | grep 9091 没有这个端口号，写配置用这个端口，就能监听这端口
vim  /etc/nginx/conf.d/xixi.conf
server{
   root  /www/;
   listen 9091;
   server_name   www.xixi.com;
   access.log  /var/log/nginx/xixi/access.log;
   error.log  /var/log/nginx/xixi/error.log;
}

systemctl restart nginx

systemctl status nginx #bind()to 0.0.0.0.:9091绑定端口失败，failed(13: Permission denied)因为权限有问题

semanage port -l | grep nginx #没有
semanage port -l | grep http #没有9091这个端口
semanage port -l | grep 9091 #没有，说明9091这个端口没有注册到selinux里（没有标签）
web服务器需要有一个标签，给端口的一个标签http_port_t

semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 9091 
semanage port -l | grep 9091 #可以查到9091
systemctl restart nginx
curl www.xixi.com:9091
netstat -lntup | grep nginx #可以查到相关信息

没有办法绑定这个端口的失败原因：

已经有一个进程绑定了这个端口 already exit
没有权限