import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import pairwise_distances
from scipy.spatial import distance_matrix
from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist

# 10-dimensional features
x = np.random.rand(400000).reshape((-1, 10))
y = np.random.rand(45000).reshape((-1, 10))

def option1():
    dists = pairwise_distances(x, y)

def option2():
    dists = distance_matrix(x, y)

def option3():
    dists = cdist(x, y)

参考文献

[1]【机器学习实战】计算两个矩阵的成对距离（pair-wise distances）