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Unity UI案例（绘制圆环）

详细设计：

1.饼图的绘制过程：
1.1 获取以某个点为中心，固定半径的圆上的点，再结合原点绘制三角面，可生成扇形;

图一

//计算圆上点的位置 Smooth代表圆的光滑程度，也就是饼图被分为多少等份
  int Smooth = 100;
  float perRadian = Matfh.PI * 2 / Smooth;//得到每份所占弧度
  然后根据某一块饼图所占的比例计算出它在圆周上相交的点，我们规定从饼图右侧中间位置开始，逆时针方向计算。见图1：

  //比如绘制19%比例的扇形图
  float radius = x;//半径
  float startRadian = 0;
  Vector2 startPoint = new Vector2( radius,0 );
  for( int i = 0 ; i * perRadian < 0.19f * Mathf.PI * 2 ; i ++ )
  {
      float endRadian = startRadian + perRadian;
      Vector2 endPoint = new Vector2(Matfh.Cos(startRadian),Mathf.Sin(endRadian));
      startRadian = endRadian;
      startPoint = endPoint;
      //如上我们就可以利用startPoint点和endPoint和原点绘制出一个三角形，多个三角形的"积分"就是扇形了
  }
1.4 实现饼图空心的原理是，绘制时不与原点组合三角面，原理见图2

图2

    绘制不在是与中心点直接构成三角形面进行绘制了，而是与小尺寸的圆的两个新交点构成了一个矩形，因此得按照两个三角形绘制
2. 文字的添加：
2.1 文字应该显示在折线的左端或者右端，计算出折线的左端或者右端的点的位置，就可以确定文字的位置，并且确定文字应该左对齐，还是右对齐
图3
  //如果需要绘制百分比的文字，则需要我们在绘制扇形的时候记录下扇形中点所对应的弧度,开始绘制的第一个其实弧度加上扇形弧度的1/2
  float middleRadian = startRadian + radian / 2.0f;
  Vector2 point = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(middleRadian),Mathf.Sin(middleRadian)) * radius;
  //这时我们还需要记录下它应该靠左显示还是靠右显示，所有相对于中心点(0,0)为正在右，反则在左。

  
  
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2.2 折线的绘制应该在扇形弧度的中间值处取一点（就是在2.1中获取的中点），然后在同一方向的某个距离上取的第二个点，然后在第二个点的同一水平线上取第三个点来绘制折线
  Vector2 secondPoint = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(middleRadian),Mathf.Sin(middleRadian)) * (radius + brokenLineLenght);
  //第三个点可以根据是在左侧或者是右侧直接水平挪动一定的值即可，比如在右侧
  Vector2 thridPoint = secondPoint + new Vector2(extralenght,0);
  //同理三个点，两两绘制直线即可

  
  
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2.3 文字自适应的方法在函数图篇中已经讲解过，方法在代码中也有，不在赘述。
绘制圆的代码如下（有注释）： 

public class PieData
{
    public float Percent;
    public Color colorF;
    public PieData() { }
    public PieData(float percent,Color color0)
    {
        Percent = percent/100.0f;
        colorF = color0;
    }
    public PieData(float percent)
    {
        Percent = percent / 100.0f;
        colorF = Color.white * percent;
    }
}

public class Pies
{
    public IList<PieData> PieDatas = new List<PieData>();
    public Pies() { }
    public Pies(IList<PieData> pieDatas)
    {
        PieDatas = pieDatas;
    }
    public void AddPieData(Pies pies)
    {
        foreach (PieData pieData in pies.PieDatas)
            PieDatas.Add(pieData);
    }
}

public class PipeGraphic : MaskableGraphic {
    private  Pies pie = new Pies();
    //private List<PieText> pieText = null;
    [Range(0, 15)]public float BoomDegree = 1.5f;
    [Range(20, 100)]public float Smooth = 100;
    [Header("Percent Text Setting")]
    public bool IsShowPercnet = true;
    [Range(20,150)]
    public float holoWidth = 25;
    [Range(3,100)]
    public float radius = 3;
    public void Inject(IList<float> percents,IList<Color> colors)
    {
        IList<PieData> piesdatas = new List<PieData>();
        for(int i=0;i<percents.Count;i++)
        {
            piesdatas.Add(new PieData(percents[i],colors[i]));
        }
        Inject(piesdatas);
    }
    public void Inject(IList<PieData> pieData)
    {
        Inject(new Pies(pieData));
    }
    public void Inject(Pies pies)
    {
        pie.AddPieData(pies);
    }


    protected override void OnPopulateMesh(VertexHelper vh)
    {
        if (pie == null) return;
        vh.Clear();
        vh.AddUIVertexTriangleStream(DrawPie());
    }
    private List<UIVertex> DrawPie()
    {
        if (pie == null || pie.PieDatas.Count <= 0)
            return new List<UIVertex>();
        //if (IsShowPercnet)
        //pieText = new List<PieText>();
        List<UIVertex> vertexs = new List<UIVertex>();
        float perRadian = Mathf.PI * 2 / Smooth; //Smooth个圆弧，每一个所占比例
        float totalRadian = 0;
        float boomRadian = BoomDegree * Mathf.PI / 180;  //间隙所占圆的百分比
        float pieRadianBase =Mathf.PI*2- boomRadian*pie.PieDatas.Count; //要绘制圆的总比例=2π-间隙所占百分比
        for(int i=0;i<pie.PieDatas.Count;i++)
        {
            PieData data = pie.PieDatas[i];
            float endRadian = totalRadian + pieRadianBase * data.Percent + boomRadian; //当前总的弧长+数据所占弧长+间隙弧长=一个数据的最大弧长
            for(float r=totalRadian+boomRadian;r<endRadian;r+=perRadian)
            {
                //这里r是弧度对应圆心角度
                Vector2 first = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r),Mathf.Sin(r))*holoWidth;  //从圆的右边开始绘制（第一个点坐标在圆心的右边）
                Vector2 second = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r+perRadian),Mathf.Sin(r+perRadian))*holoWidth;
                Vector2 third = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r),Mathf.Sin(r))*radius;  //半径*（角度的余弦，正弦）即是横纵坐标值
                Vector2 four = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r+perRadian),Mathf.Sin(r+perRadian))*radius;
                vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(first,data.colorF));
                vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(second,data.colorF));
                vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third, data.colorF));
                vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third,data.colorF));
                vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(second, data.colorF));
                vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(four,data.colorF));//（四个顶点）两个三角形拼接成一个矩形，坐标点顺序需要注意
            }
           
            totalRadian = endRadian;
        }
        return vertexs;
    }
    private UIVertex GetUIVertex(Vector3 point,Color dataColor)
    {
        UIVertex vertex = new UIVertex
        {
            position = point,
            color = dataColor,
            uv0 = new Vector2(0, 0)
        };
        return vertex;
    }
}
调用方法： 

  public PipeGraphic pipeGraph;
    void Start()
    {
        pipeGraph.Inject(new Pies(new List<PieData>()
            {
                new PieData(25 ,Color.blue),
                new PieData(25 ,Color.red),
                new PieData(25 ,Color.green),
                new PieData(25 ,Color.yellow)
            }));
    }

接下来是绘制饼状数据图完整代码，调用方法同上： 

 //Pie Base Data ,use this data to build Pie Graph
    [System.Serializable]
    public class PieData
    {
        public float Percent;
        public Color Color;
        public PieData(){}
        public PieData(float percent,Color color0)
        {
            Percent = percent / 100.0f;
            Color = color0;
        }

        public PieData(float percent)
        {
            Percent = percent / 100.0f;
            // auto set color by percent
            Color = Color.white * Percent;
        }
    };

    //Use this data struct to draw a Pie Graph
    [System.Serializable]
    public class Pies
    {
        public IList<PieData> PieDatas = new List<PieData>();
        public Pies(){}
        public Pies( IList<PieData> pieDatas )
        {
            PieDatas = pieDatas;
        }

        public void AddPieData( Pies piedatas )
        {
            foreach (PieData pieData in piedatas.PieDatas )
                PieDatas.Add(pieData);
        }
    };

    //GUI Text information for pie Graph
    [System.Serializable]
    public class PieText
    {
        public string Content = null;
        public Vector2 Position;
        public bool IsLeft = true;
        public PieText(){}

        public PieText( string content,Vector2 position ,bool isLeft )
        {
            Content = content;
            Position = position;
            IsLeft = isLeft;
        }
    }

    // core class
    public class PieGraph : MaskableGraphic
    {
        [Header("Pie Base Setting")]
        [Range(5 , 150)]public float PieRadius   = 60.0f;
        [Range(0 , 120)]public float HollowWidth = 0.0f;
        [Range(0, 15)] public float BoomDegree = 1.5f;
        [Range(20, 200)] public float Smooth = 100;

        [Header("Percent Text Setting")]
        public bool IsShowPercnet = true;
        [Range(0.5f, 4)] public float BrokenLineWidth = 2;

        private Pies PieData = new Pies();
        private List<PieText> _pieText = null;
        private Vector3 _realPosition;

        public void Inject( IList<float> percents,IList<Color> colors )
        {
            IList<PieData> piedatas= new List<PieData>();
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < percents.Count ; i++ )
                piedatas.Add(new PieData(percents[i] , colors[i]));
            Inject(piedatas);
        }
        public void Inject( IList<float> percents )
        {
            IList<PieData> piedatas = new List<PieData>();
            foreach (float percent in percents)
                piedatas.Add(new PieData(percent));
            Inject(piedatas); 
        }
        public void Inject( IList<PieData> pieData )
        {
            Inject(new Pies(pieData));
        }
        public void Inject( Pies pies )
        {
            PieData.AddPieData(pies);
        }

        #region draw pie

        private void OnGUI()
        {
            if ( null == _pieText ) return;
            if (!IsShowPercnet) return;
            Vector3 result = transform.localPosition;
            _realPosition = getScreenPosition(transform , ref result);
            foreach ( PieText text in _pieText )
            {
                Vector2 position = local2Screen(_realPosition , text.Position);
                GUIStyle guiStyle = new GUIStyle();
                guiStyle.normal.textColor = Color.black;
                guiStyle.fontStyle = FontStyle.Bold;
                guiStyle.alignment = TextAnchor.MiddleLeft;
                if ( !text.IsLeft )
                    guiStyle.alignment = TextAnchor.MiddleRight;
                if(text.IsLeft)
                    position += new Vector2(3,-10);
                else
                    position += new Vector2(-23,-10);
                GUI.Label(new Rect(position , new Vector2(20 , 20)) , text.Content , guiStyle);
            }
        }

        //draw pie core method
        protected override void OnPopulateMesh(VertexHelper vh)
        {
            if ( null == PieData ) return;
            vh.Clear();
            vh.AddUIVertexTriangleStream(DrawPie());
        }
        private List<UIVertex> DrawPie()
        {
            if (PieData == null || PieData.PieDatas.Count <= 0)
                return new List<UIVertex>();
            if (IsShowPercnet)
                _pieText = new List<PieText>();
            List<UIVertex> vertexs = new List<UIVertex>();
            float perRadian = Mathf.PI * 2 / Smooth;
            float totalRadian = 0;
            float boomRadian = BoomDegree * Mathf.PI / 180 ;
            float pieRadianBase = Mathf.PI * 2 - boomRadian * PieData.PieDatas.Count;
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < PieData.PieDatas.Count ; i++ )
            {
                PieData data = PieData.PieDatas[i];
                float endRadian = boomRadian + data.Percent * pieRadianBase + totalRadian;
                for ( float r = boomRadian + totalRadian ; r < endRadian ; r += perRadian )
                {
                    Vector2 first = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r) , Mathf.Sin(r)) * HollowWidth;
                    Vector2 second = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r + perRadian) , Mathf.Sin(r + perRadian)) * HollowWidth;
                    Vector2 third = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r) , Mathf.Sin(r)) * PieRadius;
                    Vector2 four = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(r + perRadian) , Mathf.Sin(r + perRadian)) * PieRadius;
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(first , data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third , data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(second , data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(second , data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third , data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(four , data.Color));
                }

                #region ShowPercnet
                if (IsShowPercnet)
                {
                    float middleRadian = boomRadian + data.Percent * pieRadianBase / 2 + totalRadian;
                    float brokenLineLength = PieRadius * 0.2f;
                    Vector2 middlePoint = new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(middleRadian), Mathf.Sin(middleRadian)) * PieRadius;
                    Vector2 secondPoint = middlePoint + new Vector2(Mathf.Cos(middleRadian), Mathf.Sin(middleRadian)) * brokenLineLength;
                    Vector2 first = middlePoint + new Vector2(Mathf.Sin(middleRadian), -Mathf.Cos(middleRadian)) * BrokenLineWidth / 2;
                    Vector2 second = middlePoint + new Vector2(-Mathf.Sin(middleRadian), Mathf.Cos(middleRadian)) * BrokenLineWidth / 2;
                    Vector2 third = secondPoint + new Vector2(Mathf.Sin(middleRadian), -Mathf.Cos(middleRadian)) * BrokenLineWidth / 2;
                    Vector2 four = secondPoint + new Vector2(-Mathf.Sin(middleRadian), Mathf.Cos(middleRadian)) * BrokenLineWidth / 2;
                    Vector2 five;
                    Vector2 six;

                    if (middleRadian > Mathf.PI / 2 && middleRadian < Mathf.PI * 3 / 2)
                    {
                        five = third + new Vector2(-brokenLineLength, 0);
                        six = four + new Vector2(-brokenLineLength, 0);
                        // right text
                        _pieText.Add(new PieText(data.Percent * 100 + "%", six, false));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        five = third + new Vector2(brokenLineLength, 0);
                        six = four + new Vector2(brokenLineLength, 0);
                        // left text
                        _pieText.Add(new PieText(data.Percent * 100 + "%", six, true));
                    }

                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(first, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(second, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third, data.Color));

                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(second, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(four, data.Color));

                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(third, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(four, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(five, data.Color));

                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(five, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(four, data.Color));
                    vertexs.Add(GetUIVertex(six, data.Color));
                }
                #endregion
                totalRadian = endRadian;
            }
            return vertexs;
        }

        #endregion

        #region draw helper methods

        private UIVertex GetUIVertex( Vector2 point , Color color0 )
        {
            UIVertex vertex = new UIVertex
            {
                position = point ,
                color = color0 ,
                uv0 = new Vector2(0 , 0)
            };
            return vertex;
        }
        
        private Vector2 local2Screen( Vector2 parentPos,Vector2 localPosition )
        {
            Vector2 pos = localPosition + parentPos;
            float xValue, yValue = 0;
            if ( pos.x > 0 )
                xValue = pos.x + Screen.width / 2.0f;
            else
                xValue = Screen.width / 2.0f - Mathf.Abs(pos.x);
            if ( pos.y > 0 )
                yValue = Screen.height / 2.0f - pos.y;
            else
                yValue = Screen.height / 2.0f + Mathf.Abs(pos.y);
            return new Vector2(xValue,yValue);
        }
        
        private Vector2 getScreenPosition( Transform trans, ref Vector3 result )
        {
            if ( null != trans.parent && null != trans.parent.parent )
            {
                result += trans.parent.localPosition;
                getScreenPosition(trans.parent , ref result);
            }
            if ( null != trans.parent && null == trans.parent.parent )
                return result;
            return result;
        }

        #endregion
    }



悦读

道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 无名，天地之始，有名，万物之母。 故常无欲，以观其妙，常有欲，以观其徼。 此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。

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