第一篇:构建第一个SpringBoot工程
创建项目
- 创建工程:Idea-> new Project ->Spring Initializr ->填写group、artifact ->钩上web(开启web功能)->点下一步就行了
- maven项目依赖spring-boot-starter-web不仅包含spring-boot-starter,还自动开启了web功能
- 使用@RestController注解控制器
- 使用@RequestMapping("/")注解路由
启动springboot
- cd到项目主目录
- 清理target: mvn clean
- 打包命令: mvn package
- 编译报错:No compiler is provided in this environment. Perhaps you are running on a JRE rather than a JDK?
- 原因是maven使用jdk编译,ide使用jre编译
- 解决办法:
<!-- 在pom.xml中添加配置,让Maven使用jdk编译 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
- 参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/zienzir/p/9318236.html
- 启动命令:mvn spring-boot:run
- jar包方式启动,cd 到target目录,java -jar 项目.jar
CommandLineRunner执行定时任务
- CommandLineRunner接口主要用于实现在应用初始化后,去执行一段代码块逻辑,这段初始化代码在整个应用生命周期内只会执行一次。
- 用法1:和@Component注解一起使用
@Component
public class ApplicationStartupRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
logger.info("ApplicationStartupRunner run method Started !!");
}
}
- 用法2:和@SpringBootApplication注解一起使用
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootWebApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
return application.sources(SpringBootWebApplication.class);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
logger.info("Application Started !!");
}
}
- 使用3:声明一个实现了CommandLineRunner接口的Bean
public class ApplicationStartupRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
logger.info("Application Started !!");
}
}
- 参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/p/9696310.html
springboot注入的bean
- 代码如下
// 下面的代码,在项目启动时,会执行,
// 打印启动时加载的bean
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner commandLineRunner(ApplicationContext ctx) {
// 下面使用的是lambda表达式,编译器根据方法体推测,返回一个CommandLineRunner对象
return args -> {
System.out.println("Let's inspect the beans provided by Spring Boot:");
String[] beanNames = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
Arrays.sort(beanNames);
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
System.out.println(beanName);
}
};
}
单元测试,可以直接测试web项目
- 通过@RunWith() @SpringBootTest开启注解
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class FirstProgramApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
// 获取服务端口
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
private URL base;
// 自动注入一个TestRestTemplate对象
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate template;
// 执行测试之前执行
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
this.base = new URL("http://localhost:" + port + "/");
}
// 执行测试
@Test
public void getHello() throws Exception {
ResponseEntity<String> response = template.getForEntity(base.toString(),
String.class);
assertThat(response.getBody(), equalTo("hello 第一个项目做好了"));
}
}
- 报错:Could not resolve placeholder 'local.server.port' in value "${local.server.port}
- 在配置文件中添加:local.server.port=8090
- 报错:No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate' available
将头部的注解修改
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
改为:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
- 参考:https://blog.csdn.net/mxj588love/article/details/78604236
参考
- SpringBoot非官方教程 | 第一篇:构建第一个SpringBoot工程 https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70341651
- Spring boot CommandLineRunner接口使用例子 https://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/p/9696310.html