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嵌入式学习项目实战 --- 在线词典

目录

一、前言

二、项目功能

三、程序流程

1、客户端

2、服务器

四、代码实现

1、客户端代码

2、服务器代码

3、Makefile


一、前言

本文学习自【华清远见】的一个开源嵌入式项目在线词典综合实战,涵盖了网络编程、文件I/O、并发程序设计、数据库开发等多方面知识,对想要学习嵌入式开发、锻炼提升编程能力的小伙伴来说是一个非常不错的实战项目。接下来咋们先梳理下项目要实现的具体功能,设计程序流程,最后再开始具体的编程实现

二、项目功能

1、需要基于tcp实现一个供用户操作的客户端;在客户端中有两级菜单,一级菜单中用户可进行注册、登录、退出操作;登录后进入二级菜单,二级菜单中可进行单词查询、历史记录查询、退出操作

2、需要基于tcp实现一个多并发的服务器,用于响应客户端的注册、登录、单词查询、历史记录查询请求,同时需要将用户注册的用户信息(用户名、密码)、单词查询记录(用户名、查询时间、查询单词)分别保存到sqlite3数据库的用户表和记录表中。具体如下:

  • 客服端登录时,在数据库的用户表中匹配注册的用户名和密码,返回登录结果;
  • 客户端查询单词时,在词典的txt文件中查找对应的单词,如若找到则返回对应的注释信息;
  • 客户端查询历史记录时,从数据库的记录表中,将当前登录用户的查询记录(用户名、查询时间、查询单词)信息返回给客户端

3、客户端与服务器之间的交互过程如下:

三、程序流程

1、客户端

 

2、服务器

 

四、代码实现

1、客户端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>


#define NAME_LEN 32

#define MSGTYPE_R 11 //user - register
#define MSGTYPE_L 22 //user - login
#define MSGTYPE_Q 33 //user - query
#define MSGTYPE_H 44 //user - history

// 通信双方的信息结构体
typedef struct {
	int type;
	char name[NAME_LEN];
	char data[256];
}MSG_T;

/*
struct sockaddr
{
    uint8_t        sa_len;
    sa_family_t    sa_family;
    char           sa_data[14];
};
/* members are in network byte order */
/*
struct sockaddr_in
{
    uint8_t        sin_len;
    sa_family_t    sin_family;
    in_port_t      sin_port;
    struct in_addr sin_addr;
#define SIN_ZERO_LEN 8
    char            sin_zero[SIN_ZERO_LEN];
};

struct in_addr
{
    in_addr_t s_addr;
};
*/

// 注册
int do_register(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg)
{
	printf("register ... \n");
	
	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(MSG_T));
	msg->type = MSGTYPE_R;
	printf("input name:"); scanf("%s", msg->name); getchar();
	printf("input passwd:"); scanf("%s", msg->data); getchar();
	
	if (send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to send register msg.\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	if (recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to register.\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//ok !  或者 user already exist.
	printf("%s\n", msg->data);
	
	return 1;
}

// 登录, 必服务器返回 "OK" 才表示登录成功
// 返回值:1 成功,-1 失败,0 其他
int do_login(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg)
{
	printf("login ...\n");
	
	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(MSG_T));
	msg->type = MSGTYPE_L;
	printf("input name:"); scanf("%s", msg->name); getchar();
	printf("input passwd:"); scanf("%s", msg->data); getchar();
	
	if (send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to send register msg.\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	if (recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to login.\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//登录成功
	if (strncmp(msg->data, "OK", 3) == 0)
	{
		printf("login ok! \n");
		return 1;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("%s\n", msg->data);
	}
	
	return 0;
}

// 单词查询
int do_query(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg)
{
	printf("query ...\n");
	
	msg->type = MSGTYPE_Q;
	while(1)
	{
		printf("input word:"); scanf("%s", msg->data); getchar();
		
		// 输入是"#"表示退出本次查询
		if (strncmp(msg->data, "#", 1) == 0)
			break;
		
		//将要查询的单词发送给服务器
		if (send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
		{
			printf("fail to send.\n");
			return -1;
		}
		
		//等待服务器,传递回来的单次的注释信息
		if (recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
		{
			printf("fail to recv.\n");
			return -1;
		}
		printf("%s\n", msg->data);
	}
	
	return 1;
}

// 历史记录查询
int do_history(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg)
{
	printf("history ...\n");
	
	msg->type = MSGTYPE_H;

	//将消息发送给服务器
	if (send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to send.\n");
		return -1;
	}
		
	while(1)
	{
		//等待服务器,传递回来的单次的注释信息
		if (recv(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
		{
			printf("fail to recv.\n");
			return -1;
		}

		if (msg->data[0] == '\0')
		    break;

		//输出历史记录信息    
		printf("%s\n", msg->data);
	}
	
	return 1;

}

// ./client 192.168.0.107 10000
// 知识点:
//	1、在一个套接字被创建时,其默认是工作在阻塞模式下,即所有socket相关的数据发送、接收函数都会阻塞,
//	直到数据发送、接收成功,函数才继续执行
//	2、可以通过fcntl来设置成阻塞或非阻塞模式。https://blog.csdn.net/haoyu_linux/article/details/44306993
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	int sockfd;
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	int input_nbr;
	MSG_T send_msg;
	
	if (argc != 3)
	{
		printf("usage: %s serverip port\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	
	// 申请socket
	if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
	{
		perror("fail to socket\n");
		return -1;
	}	
	
	server_addr.sin_family  = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    bzero(&(server_addr.sin_zero), sizeof(server_addr.sin_zero));
    
    /*连接到服务器*/
    if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)
	{
		perror("fail to connect\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	while (1)
	{
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		printf("*******  1.register   2.login   3.quit  *******\n");
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		printf("please choose:");
		
		scanf("%d", &input_nbr);
		getchar();//回收垃圾字符
		
		// 一级菜单
		switch (input_nbr)
		{
			case 1:
				do_register(sockfd, &send_msg);
				break;
				
			case 2:
				if (do_login(sockfd, &send_msg) == 1)
				{
					goto _login;
				}
				break;
				
			case 3:
				close(sockfd);
				exit(0);
				break;
			
			default:
				printf("Invalid data cmd. \n");
				break;
		}
	}
	
	//二级菜单,登录后进行单词查询
_login:
	while(1)
	{
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		printf("*****1.query_word  2.history_record  3.quit****\n");
		printf("***********************************************\n");
		printf("please choose:");
		
		input_nbr = 0;
		scanf("%d", &input_nbr);
		getchar();//回收垃圾字符
		
		
		switch (input_nbr)
		{
			case 1:
				do_query(sockfd, &send_msg);
				break;
				
			case 2:
				do_history(sockfd, &send_msg);
				break;
				
			case 3:
				close(sockfd);
				exit(0);
				break;
			
			default:
				printf("Invalid data cmd. \n");
				break;
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

2、服务器代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sqlite3.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>

#define NAME_LEN 32

#define MSGTYPE_R 11 //user - register
#define MSGTYPE_L 22 //user - login
#define MSGTYPE_Q 33 //user - query
#define MSGTYPE_H 44 //user - history

#define DATABASE "my.db"

// 通信双方的信息结构体
typedef struct {
	int type;
	char name[NAME_LEN];
	char data[256];
}MSG_T;

/*
struct sockaddr
{
    uint8_t        sa_len;
    sa_family_t    sa_family;
    char           sa_data[14];
};
/* members are in network byte order */
/*
struct sockaddr_in
{
    uint8_t        sin_len;
    sa_family_t    sin_family;
    in_port_t      sin_port;
    struct in_addr sin_addr;
#define SIN_ZERO_LEN 8
    char            sin_zero[SIN_ZERO_LEN];
};

struct in_addr
{
    in_addr_t s_addr;
};
*/

// 注册
int do_register(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg, sqlite3 *db)
{
	char sql[128] = {0};
	char *errmsg = NULL;

	//sprintf(sql, "create table if not exists user(name text primary key, passwd text);");
	sprintf(sql, "insert into user values('%s', '%s');", msg->name, msg->data);
	if (sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
		memset(msg->data, 0, strlen(msg->data));
		sprintf(msg->data, "user(%s) already exist.!", msg->name);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("client user(%s) register success\n", msg->name);
		memset(msg->data, 0, strlen(msg->data));
		strcpy(msg->data, "register ok !");
	}

	//返回应答
	if (send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to send\n");
		return 0;
	}
	
	return 1;
}

// 登录, 必服务器返回 "OK" 才表示登录成功
// 返回值:1 成功,-1 失败,0 其他
int do_login(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg, sqlite3 *db)
{
	char sql[128] = {0};
	char *errmsg = NULL, **result = NULL;
	int nrow, ncolumn;
	
	//sprintf(sql, "create table if not exists user(name text primary key, passwd text);");
	//sprintf(sql, "insert into user values('%s', '%s');", msg->name, msg->data);
	sprintf(sql, "select * from user where name='%s' and passwd='%s';", msg->name, msg->data);
	if (sqlite3_get_table(db, sql, &result, &nrow, &ncolumn, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("sqlite3 get table ok! \n");
	}

	//查询成功,数据库中拥有此用户
	if (nrow == 1)
	{
		printf("client user(%s) login success\n", msg->name);
		memset(msg->data, 0, strlen(msg->data));
		strcpy(msg->data, "OK");
	}
	else //用户名或密码错误
	{
		printf("client user(%s) login fail! \n", msg->name);
		memset(msg->data, 0, strlen(msg->data));
		strcpy(msg->data, "user or passwd wrong! \n");
	}

	//返回应答
	if (send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) < 0)
	{
		printf("fail to send\n");
		return 0;
	}
	
	return 1;

}

//根据单词从dirt.txt文本中查找对应的注释信息
//返回值: -1 文件打开失败; 0 单词未找到; 1 查找成功
int do_searchword(MSG_T *msg, char *word)
{
    FILE *fp = NULL;
    int word_len = strlen(word);
    char row_data[512] = {'\0'};
    int res = 0;
    char *p; //指向注释
    
    //打开文件
    if ((fp = fopen("dict.txt", "r")) == NULL)
    {
        perror("fail to open dict.txt.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    //打印客户端要查询的单词
    word_len = strlen(word);
    printf("%s, len = %d\n", word, word_len );

    //读取文件 行数据(一行一行读取),对比要查询的单词
    //如果成功,该函数返回相同的 str 参数。
    //如果到达文件末尾或者没有读取到任何字符,str 的内容保持不变,并返回一个空指针。
    //如果发生错误,返回一个空指针。
    while (fgets(row_data, 512, fp) != NULL)
    {
        res = strncmp(row_data, word, word_len);//每行对比前word_len个字节

        if (res != 0)
            continue;

        if (row_data[word_len] != ' ') //单词跟注释之间没有空格
            goto _end;

        // 找到了单词,跳过所有的空格
        p = row_data + word_len;
        while (*p == ' ')
        {
            p++;
        }

        strcpy(msg->data, p);
        fclose(fp);
        return 1;
    }

_end:
    fclose(fp);
    return 0; //文件对比完,单词未找到
}

//获取系统时间
void get_date(char *data)
{
    time_t rowtime; //typedef long     time_t;
//    struct tm {
//                   int tm_sec;    /* Seconds (0-60) */
//                   int tm_min;    /* Minutes (0-59) */
//                   int tm_hour;   /* Hours (0-23) */
//                   int tm_mday;   /* Day of the month (1-31) */
//                   int tm_mon;    /* Month (0-11) */
//                   int tm_year;   /* Year - 1900 */
//                   int tm_wday;   /* Day of the week (0-6, Sunday = 0) */
//                   int tm_yday;   /* Day in the year (0-365, 1 Jan = 0) */
//                   int tm_isdst;  /* Daylight saving time */
//               };
    struct tm *info;

    // rowtime = the number of seconds since the Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)
    time(&rowtime);

    //进行时间格式转换
    info = localtime(&rowtime);

    sprintf(data, "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d", info->tm_year + 1900, info->tm_mon + 1, info->tm_mday,
                                       info->tm_hour, info->tm_min, info->tm_sec);

    printf("get date is : %s\n", data);                                   
}

// 单词查询
int do_query(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg, sqlite3 *db)
{
	char sql[128] = {0};
	char word[64] = {0};
	int found = 0;
    char date[128] = {0};
    char *errmsg;

    printf("\n");//显示换行
    
    //单词查找
	strcpy(word, msg->data);
	found = do_searchword(msg, word);

	if (found == 1)// 找到了单词,需要将 name,date,word 插入到历史记录表中去
	{
	    get_date(date);//获取系统时间

        //sprintf(sql, "insert into user values('%s', '%s');", msg->name, msg->data);
	    sprintf(sql, "insert into record values('%s', '%s', '%s')", msg->name, date, word);
	    if (sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	    {
	        printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	        return -1;
	    }
	    else
	    {
	        printf("sqlite3 insert record done.\n");
	    }
	}
    else if (found == 0)//没有找到
    {
        memset(msg->data, 0, strlen(msg->data));
        strcpy(msg->data, "Not found!\n");
    }
    else if (found == -1)//dict.txt代开失败
    {
        memset(msg->data, 0, strlen(msg->data));
        strcpy(msg->data, "fail to open dict.txt.");
    }

	//将查询的结果发送给客户端
	send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0);
    
    return 0;

}


// 得到查询结果,并且需要将历史记录发送给客户端
int history_callback(void* arg,int colCount,char** colValue,char** colName)
{
	// record :  name, date, word 
	int acceptfd;
	MSG_T msg;

	acceptfd = *((int *)arg);
	sprintf(msg.data, "%s , %s", colValue[1], colValue[2]);
	send(acceptfd, &msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0);

	return 0;
}

// 历史记录查询
int do_history(int sockfd, MSG_T *msg, sqlite3 *db)
{
	char sql[128] = {0};
	char *errmsg;

	//查询数据库
	//会先执行*sql对应的功能命令,然后将结果传递给回调函数,回调函数根据结果再进一步执行
	//关于回调函数详细可参考https://blog.csdn.net/u012351051/article/details/90382391
    sprintf(sql, "select * from record where name = '%s'", msg->name);
	if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, history_callback,(void *)&sockfd, &errmsg)!= SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("sqlite3 query record done.\n");
	}

	// 所有的记录查询发送完毕之后,给客户端发出一个结束信息
	msg->data[0] = '\0';

	send(sockfd, msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0);
	
	return 0;
}

int do_client(int acceptfd, sqlite3 *db)
{
	MSG_T recv_msg;

	// 默认是阻塞式接收
	// 如果客户端断开连接 或是 主动发送close关闭连接,recv会返回0
	// recv的返回值:<0 出错; =0 连接关闭; >0 接收到数据大小
	while (recv(acceptfd, &recv_msg, sizeof(MSG_T), 0) > 0)
	{
		switch(recv_msg.type)
		{
			case MSGTYPE_R:
				do_register(acceptfd, &recv_msg, db);
				break;

			case MSGTYPE_L:
				do_login(acceptfd, &recv_msg, db);
				break;

			case MSGTYPE_Q:
				do_query(acceptfd, &recv_msg, db);
				break;

			case MSGTYPE_H:
				do_history(acceptfd, &recv_msg, db);
				break;

			default:
				printf("invalid data msg.\n");
		}
	}

	printf("client exit.\n");
	close(acceptfd);
	exit(0);

	return 0;
}

// ./server 192.168.0.107 10000
// 知识点:
//	1、在一个套接字被创建时,其默认是工作在阻塞模式下,即所有socket相关的数据发送、接收函数都会阻塞,
//	直到数据发送、接收成功,函数才继续执行
//	2、可以通过fcntl来设置成阻塞或非阻塞模式。https://blog.csdn.net/haoyu_linux/article/details/44306993
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	int sockfd, acceptfd;
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
	socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(client_addr);
	char ipv4_addr[16];//存放电分格式的ip地址 
	sqlite3 *db = NULL;
	char *errmsg = NULL;
	char sql[128] = {0};
	pid_t pid;
	
	if (argc != 3)
	{
		printf("usage: %s serverip port\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	
	/*********************数据库操作*********************/
	if (sqlite3_open(DATABASE, &db) != SQLITE_OK) //打开数据库
	{
		printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
		return -1;
	}
	printf("sqlite3 open %s success.\n", DATABASE);
	sprintf(sql, "create table if not exists user(name text primary key, passwd text);");
	if (sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK) //创建用户表
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
		return -1;
	}
	memset(sql, 0, sizeof(sql));
	sprintf(sql, "create table if not exists record(name text, date text, word text);");
	if (sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)//创建记录表
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
		return -1;
	}
	
	/*********************tcp server操作*********************/
	// 申请socket
	if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
	{
		perror("fail to socket\n");
		return -1;
	}	
	
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    bzero(&(server_addr.sin_zero), sizeof(server_addr.sin_zero));
    
    //绑定套接字
    if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0)
	{
		perror("fail to bind.\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//将套接字设为监听模式
	if (listen(sockfd, 5) < 0)
	{
		perror("fail to listen.\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	printf("listen success.\n");
	
	//处理僵尸进程
	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
	
	while (1)
	{
		//接收客户端的连接请求
		if ((acceptfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addrlen)) < 0)
		{
			perror("fail to accept\n");
			return -1;
		}
		if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, ipv4_addr, addrlen) < 0)
		{
			perror("fail to inet_ntop\n");
			return -1;
		}
		printf("client(%s:%d) is connected!\n", ipv4_addr, htons(client_addr.sin_port));

		//创建子进程
		if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
		{
			perror("fail to fork!\n");
			return -1;
		}
		else if (pid == 0) //子进程,处理客服端具体的消息
		{
			close(sockfd);
			do_client(acceptfd, db);
		}
		else //父进程,用来接收客户端的连接请求
		{
			close(acceptfd);//父进程不需要子进程的套接字
		}
	}
	
	return 0;
}

3、Makefile

all:client server
.PHONY : all

cc = gcc

client : client.c
	$(cc) client.c -o client
server : server.c
	$(cc) server.c -o server -lsqlite3

.PHONY : clean
clean:
	rm client server

 

 

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