示例代码:

---
- name: test use var
  hosts: webserver
  vars_files: vars_playbook.yml
  tasks:
    - name: install pkg
      yum:
        name: "{{ item }}"
      loop:
        - "{{ web_pkg }}"
        - "{{ firewall_pkg }}"
        - "{{ python_pkg }}"
    - name: service
      service:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        enabled: true
        state: started
      loop:
        - "{{ firewall_servcie }}"
        - "{{ web_service }}"

在vars-file中定义变量文件,安装pkg

查看vars_file内容:cat vars_playbook.yml

web_pkg:
  - httpd
  - python3-PyMySQL
  - mariadb-server
web_service:
  - httpd
  - mariadb

playbook内容:cat playbook.yml

---
- name: test use var
  hosts: webserver
  vars_files: vars_playbook.yml
  tasks:
    - name: install pkg
      yum:
        name: "{{ item }}"
      loop: "{{ web_pkg }}"

    - name: service
      service:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        enabled: true
        state: started
      loop: "{{ web_service }}"

执行结果

[student@workstation data-variables]$ ansible-playbook playbook.yml

PLAY [test use var] ***********************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com]

TASK [install pkg] ************************************************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=httpd)
ok: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=python3-PyMySQL)
ok: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=mariadb-server)

TASK [service] ****************************************************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=httpd)
changed: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=mariadb)

PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************
servera.lab.example.com    : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

卸载pkg

变量文件不变cat remove_pkg.yml

web_pkg:
  - httpd
  - python3-PyMySQL
  - mariadb-server
web_service:
  - httpd
  - mariadb	

编写remove_pkg.yaml

---
- name: remove_pkg
  hosts: webserver
  vars_files:
    - vars_playbook.yml
  tasks:
    - name: remove_pkg
      yum:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: removed
      loop: "{{ web_pkg }}"

执行playbookremove_pkg.yaml

[student@workstation data-variables]$ ansible-playbook remove_pkg.yml

PLAY [remove_pkg] *************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************
ok: [servera.lab.example.com]

TASK [remove_pkg] *************************************************************************
changed: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=httpd)
changed: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=python3-PyMySQL)
changed: [servera.lab.example.com] => (item=mariadb-server)

PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************
servera.lab.example.com    : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

考试可能出现的内容

考试给的变量矩阵

解题方法