Bootstrap

harmonyOS应用-DirectionalLayout布局

一 概述
DirectionalLayout是Java UI中的一种重要组件布局,用于将一组组件(Component)按照水平或者垂直方向排布,能够方便地对齐布局内的组件。该布局和其他布局的组合,可以实现更加丰富的布局方式(类似android线性布局)
DirectionalLayout
二 排列方式
DirectionalLayout的排列方向(orientation)分为水平(horizontal)或者垂直(vertical)方向。使用orientation设置布局内组件的排列方式,默认为垂直排列。

垂直排列:垂直方向排列的三个文本,效果显示如下:
在这里插入图片描述
三个文本垂直布局的XML文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_1"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos_element"
        ohos:text="text_1"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_2"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos2_element"
        ohos:text="text_2"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_3"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos1_element"
        ohos:text="text_3"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

color_harmonyos_element.xml颜色布局(命名不太规范O(∩_∩)O哈哈~谅解)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
</shape>

水平排列:
水平方向排列三个文本,效果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
三个文本水平布局的XML文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="horizontal">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_1"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos_element"
        ohos:text="text_1"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_2"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos2_element"
        ohos:text="text_2"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_3"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos1_element"
        ohos:text="text_3"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>

DirectionalLayout不会自动换行,其子组件会按照设定的方向依次排列,若超过布局本身的大小,超出布局大小的部分将不会被显示,此布局包含了三个文本,但由于DirectionalLayout不会自动换行,超出布局大小的组件部分无法显示。界面显示如下:
在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="horizontal">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_1"
        ohos:width="400vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos_element"
        ohos:text="text_1"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_2"
        ohos:width="400vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos2_element"
        ohos:text="text_2"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_3"
        ohos:width="400vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos1_element"
        ohos:text="text_3"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

三 对齐方式
DirectionalLayout中的组件使用layout_alignment控制自身在布局中的对齐方式,当对齐方式与排列方式方向一致时,对齐方式不会生效,如设置了水平方向的排列方式,则左对齐、右对齐将不会生效。常用的对齐参数

参数作用可搭配排列方式
left左对齐垂直排列
top顶部对齐水平排列
right右对齐垂直排列
bottom底部对齐水平排列
horizontal_center水平方向居中垂直排列
vertical_center垂直方向居中水平排列
center垂直与水平方向都居中水平/垂直排列

三种对齐方式的示例代码:
在这里插入图片描述
如果将root节点的ohos:orientation="vertical"修改ohos:orientation="horizontal"将不生效

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_1"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="left"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos_element"
        ohos:text="text_1"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_2"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos2_element"
        ohos:text="text_2"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_3"
        ohos:width="200vp"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="right"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos1_element"
        ohos:text="text_3"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

四 权重
权重(weight)就是按比例来分配组件占用父组件的大小,在水平布局下计算公式为:
父布局可分配宽度=父布局宽度-所有子组件width之和;
组件宽度=组件weight/所有组件weight之和*父布局可分配宽度;
实际使用过程中,建议使用width=0来按比例分配父布局的宽度,1:1:1效果如下:
在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="horizontal">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_1"
        ohos:width="0"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:weight="1"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="left"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos_element"
        ohos:text="text_1"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_2"
        ohos:width="0"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:weight="1"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos2_element"
        ohos:text="text_2"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_3"
        ohos:width="0"
        ohos:height="50vp"
        ohos:weight="1"
        ohos:bottom_margin="3vp"
        ohos:left_margin="13vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="right"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_harmonyos1_element"
        ohos:text="text_3"
        ohos:text_size="50vp"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>

五 总结
DirectionalLayout 是常用的布局之一,方向性主要是水平和垂直布局,同时具有对齐特性,可以设置宽和高以及权重,与其他的组件组合丰富的界面

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