Bootstrap

Netty 学习之Hello World

总结一下自己学习一个新事物(技术层面的)的心得体会,首先了解它是做什么的(what),其次学习使用它(how),最后了解它内部如何实现(why)。当然这个是需要一个漫长的过程的,顺序也是循序渐进的。

学习Netty之前需要有一定的网络编程基础,如果对网络编程不太熟悉的,可以先看看Java网络编程系列

Netty简介

Netty是由JBOSS提供的一个开源的java网络编程框架,主要是对java的nio包进行了再次封装。Netty比java原生的nio包提供了更加强大、稳定的功能和易于使用的api。 netty的作者是Trustin Lee,这是一个韩国人,他还开发了另外一个著名的网络编程框架,mina。二者在很多方面都十分相似,它们的线程模型也是基本一致 。不过netty社区的活跃程度要mina高得多。

Netty的应用案例:

  1. apache storm ,这是一个分布式实时计算框架
  2. hadoop,其RPC框架Avro就使用了Netty作为底层通信框架
  3. apache rocketmq,这是阿里巴巴的一个消息中间件,现在已经捐赠给apache了
  4. apache dubbo,这是阿里巴巴开发的一个SOA服务治理框架
    ……

版本依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.22.Final</version>
</dependency>

Server 端

package com.github.sources.network.netty.base;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 *
 */
public class HelloWorldServer {

    private int port;

    public static void main(String[] args){
        new HelloWorldServer(8080).start();
    }

    public HelloWorldServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() {
        /**
         * 创建两个EventLoopGroup,即两个线程池,boss线程池用于接收客户端的连接,一个线程监听一个端口,一般只会监听一个端口所以只需一个线程
         * work池用于处理网络连接数据读写或者后续的业务处理(可指定另外的线程处理业务,work完成数据读写)
         */
        EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup work = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            /**
             * 实例化一个服务端启动类,
             * group()指定线程组
             * channel()指定用于接收客户端连接的类,对应java.nio.ServerSocketChannel
             * childHandler()设置编码解码及处理连接的类
             */
            ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap().group(boss, work).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port)).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128).childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline()
                                    .addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder())
                                    .addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder())
                                    .addLast(new HelloWorldServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            //绑定端口
            ChannelFuture future = server.bind().sync();
            System.out.println("server started and listen " + port);
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            boss.shutdownGracefully();
            work.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static class HelloWorldServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("HelloWorldServerHandler active");
        }

        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("server channelRead..");
            System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"->Server :"+ msg.toString());
            ctx.write("server write"+msg);
            ctx.flush();
        }
    }
}

Client端

package com.github.sources.network.netty.base;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

/**
 *
 */
public class HelloWorldClient {
    private static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";
    private static final int PORT= 8080;

    public static void main(String[] args){
        new HelloWorldClient().start(HOST, PORT);
    }

    public void start(String host, int port) {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap client = new Bootstrap().group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true).handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline()
                                    .addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder())
                                    .addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder())
                                    .addLast(new HelloWorldClientHandler());
                        }
                    });
            ChannelFuture future = client.connect(host, port).sync();
            future.channel().writeAndFlush("Hello Netty Server ,I am a netty client");
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static class HelloWorldClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("HelloWorldClientHandler Active");
        }

        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("HelloWorldClientHandler read Message:"+msg);
        }
    }
}

;