本文概述
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本文章讲述基于Linux CentOS 7系统(虚拟机),部署Django+Vue开发的前后端分离项目。
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项目源码不开放,但是操作步骤可以借鉴。
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该文章将项目部署在Linux虚拟机上,暂不使用Docker
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相关指令尽量展示执行路径,方便直观理解
最后有流程总结,捋不清的时候,可以到最后看看
后续部署系列:
- 基于Docker的Django+Vue项目部署:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45445505/article/details/135563811
部署前准备
本机软件准备
软件 | 用途 |
---|---|
VMware Workstation | 部署Linux虚拟机(提前准备好软件,并部署好虚拟机) |
MobaXterm | 远程连接软件,在本地(Windows系统)远程连接虚拟机的Linux系统 |
文章中常用的命令
防火墙有关命令
开启防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=端口号/tcp --permanent
重载防火墙:该命令用在任何对防火墙更改的命令后,立刻使更改生效!!!!
firewall-cmd --reload
查看防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld.service
查看以开放的端口
firewall-cmd --list-ports
安装Git
安装方式1:一键安装
yum install git -y
一键安装的版本可能过低,有时候clone仓库的时候有问题
安装方式2:安装指定版本git【建议】
移除已有的git
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove git
下载编译源代码的工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
下载相关依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker asciidoc xmlto openssl-devel
下载git
- git官网:https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/
- 注意事项:不要下载带有-rc的,因为它代表了一个候选发布版本
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.32.6.tar.gz
解压到指定文件夹下
- 指定文件夹必须存在!
- 将git解压缩的位置和git安装的位置放在一起,删除的时候好删除
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf git-2.32.6.tar.gz -C /usr/local/git
进入解压缩后的目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/git/git-2.32.6
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]#
配置编译和安装的地址
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/git
编译和安装
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# make && make install
配置环境变量
- 打开配置文件
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# vim /etc/profile
- 文件末尾添加一行
export PATH=/usr/local/git/bin:$PATH
- 退出文件,执行以下命令使更改生效
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# source /etc/profile
查看git版本
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# git version
有结果,证明已经安装好了
拉取项目文件
创建存放代码的目录
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# mkdir /icwp/code
进入该目录
[root@localhost git-2.32.6]# cd /icwp/code
[root@localhost code]#
拉取仓库
- 拉取公开仓库
git clone 仓库地址
- 拉取私有仓库
git clone git clone https://user:需要自己生成仓库的[email protected]/仓库地址
- 拉取自己的私有仓库:ssh,自行百度
安装MySQL
卸载已有的Mysql
若需要卸载已有的Mysql,可以按照如下步骤
1、查询是否安装了MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
查询到相关安装
2、查看MySQL服务是否已开启,若开启则需要关闭
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
3、查询含有MySQL的目录并删除
查询目录。对于我这台电脑的结果:
/var/lib/docker
目录下是docker配置的有关mysql的挂载信息,不用管/root
目录下是自建的文件夹,也不用删
Linux默认安装MySQL,且要删除的文件夹一般都是在:
/var/lib/
目录下/usr/
目录下
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
/etc/logrotate.d/mysql # 删除
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql # 删除
/etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/mysql # 删除
/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/mysql
/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql
/root/mysql
/root/mysql/data/mysql
/var/lib/docker/volumes/f0ece572bc8f6fb3b7448210bb4ead64e622062f7d41e225d17b99659e945b6a/_data/mysql
/var/lib/docker/volumes/58aaeb5cb98e01083d9624bd1981ed4cdf65436d7019b77b471e6bd0cefa9e3b/_data/mysql
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f71b050ff227dd296891c0ebd6210744dda330e0a03ec3ed2616c537809ea98/diff/etc/mysql
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f71b050ff227dd296891c0ebd6210744dda330e0a03ec3ed2616c537809ea98/diff/usr/bin/mysql
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f71b050ff227dd296891c0ebd6210744dda330e0a03ec3ed2616c537809ea98/diff/usr/lib/mysql
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4f71b050ff227dd296891c0ebd6210744dda330e0a03ec3ed2616c537809ea98/diff/var/lib/mysql
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/71fdf5f5044d7f7a1a6a31b44c1c201abe5ac8d681ee09bf66120a77225d2f66/diff/etc/mysql
/var/lib/mysql # 删除
/var/lib/mysql/mysql # 删除
/usr/bin/mysql # 删除
/usr/lib64/mysql # 删除
/usr/share/mysql # 删除
/usr/local/mysql # 删除
/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activerecord-7.0.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql
一个一个删除上述要删除的目录
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql/mysql /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/local/mysql
rm -rf /etc/logrotate.d/mysql /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql /etc/selinux/targeted/tmp/modules/100/mysql
!!有个目录要注意额外删除
# mysql配置信息所在的目录
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
4、查询MySQL安装的组件服务,并删除
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
# 若删除不了,改用如下命令
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev --nodeps mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ev --nodeps mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64
5、检查是否卸载干净
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql # 无相关安装
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysql
Failed to start mysql.service: Unit not found. # 证明已卸载干净
下载安装MySQL
安装开发工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
安装相关依赖
[root@localhost ~]# yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel psmisc libffi-devel
下载MySQL
- 官网:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
- 默认安装位置:/Var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
安装MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
安装MySQL服务器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck
启动MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
查看MySQL状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-01-12 14:54:31 CST; 46min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 1772 (mysqld)
Tasks: 28
Memory: 1.0M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─1772 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Jan 12 14:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jan 12 14:54:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@localhost ~]#
创建Django项目需要的数据库
查看默认密码
- 默认密码:Ga>tCgH,q2vm
[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2024-01-12T01:14:06.410100Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ga>tCgH,q2vm
登录并更改默认密码
一共输入两个命令:
mysql -u root -pmysql -u root -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '修改为自己的密码';
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.44 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '修改为自己的密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql>
创建Django项目需要的数据库,并设置访问权限,退出
- django_icwp_v3:数据库名称,修改为自己项目对应的
- root:Django项目settings中,数据库连接配置中的username
- 修改后的密码:自己刚才更改后的密码
mysql> create database django_icwp_v3 default charset=utf8;
mysql> grant all privileges on django_icwp_v3.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '修改后的密码';
mysql> grant all privileges on django_icwp_v3.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '修改后的密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit;
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
测试连接,成功
部署Django项目
环境准备
Python源码安装
安装版本:Python 3.8
安装相关依赖
[root@localhost ~]# yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel psmisc libffi-devel zlib* libffi-devel -y
根目录下,下载安装包
[root@localhost ~]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python/3.8.6/Python-3.8.6.tgz
解压缩,并进入解压后的目录
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf Python-3.8.6.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.8.6
配置编译和安装的路径,并进行编译和安装
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python38
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
配置环境变量:建立软连接
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.8
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3.8
云服务器各版本Python对应的命令
python版本 | pip命令 | 解释 |
---|---|---|
python | pip | 2.7版本的命令 |
python3 | pip3 | 3.6版本的命令 |
python3.8 | pip3.8 | 3.8版本的命令 |
安装虚拟环境
virtualenv + virtualenvwrapper
更新pip
[root@localhost ~]# python3.8 -m pip install --upgrade pip
[root@localhost ~]# python3.8 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
[root@localhost ~]# pip3.8 install pbr
安装虚拟环境
[root@localhost ~]# pip3.8 install virtualenv
[root@localhost ~]# pip3.8 install virtualenvwrapper
配置系统变量
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv
配置虚拟环境
- 进入文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile
- 文件末尾填入如下内容
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3.8
source /usr/local/python38/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
- 更新配置文件,使配置立刻生效
source ~/.bash_profile
为项目创建虚拟环境并安装相关库
创建虚拟环境:icwp
[root@localhost ~]# mkvirtualenv -p python3.8 icwp
......
(icwp) [root@localhost ~]#
切换目录到项目requirement.txt所在目录下
(icwp) [root@localhost ~]# cd /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]#
安装第三方库
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# pip install -r ./requirements.txt
数据库迁移
执行步骤
保持上述目录、python环境不变
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# python manage.py makemigrations
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# python manage.py migrate
若有报错!!!
若提示报错:版本不匹配
......
File "/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/utils/asyncio.py", line 26, in inner
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 272, in connect
self.init_connection_state()
File "/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 257, in init_connection_state
super().init_connection_state()
File "/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 239, in init_connection_state
self.check_database_version_supported()
File "/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 214, in check_database_version_supported
raise NotSupportedError(
django.db.utils.NotSupportedError: MySQL 8 or later is required (found 5.7.44).
解决方法1:重新安装mysql
解决方法2:Django源码中,禁止掉该检查代码
# 找到django的安装目录
[root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# workon icwp
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# python
Python 3.8.6 (default, Jan 11 2024, 09:43:42)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django
<module 'django' from '/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/__init__.py'>
>>>
# 找寻文件:/root/.virtualenvs/icwp/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py
# 注释掉:self.check_database_version_supported()这一行代码
运行项目并测试访问
执行步骤
执行项目
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
复制当前远程连接窗口,然后在新的窗口进行访问测试
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.93.128:8000
{"states": 0, "message": "INFO", "warning": "", "data": "请先完成用户登录,再访问其他页面"} # 证明虚拟机访问正常
# 本机浏览器访问:192.168.93.128:8000
正常
上述方式是阻塞式运行,可以以后台运行的方式执行
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# nohup python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 &
[1] 31183
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to ‘nohup.out’
关闭Django项目的运行
# 查找有关进程
ps -ef | grep manage.py
# 根据进程ID,删除:kill -9 进程ID
若有报错!!!
若无法访问,无外乎如下情况:
- 虚拟机端口没有开放
- Django项目settings.py仅允许本地访问了,没有放开权限
python虚拟环境退出、进入方式
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# deactivate
[root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# workon icwp
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]#
通过uwsgi方式启动项目
安装uwsgi
项目虚拟环境中安装
[root@localhost ~]# workon icwp
(icwp) [root@localhost ~]# pip3 install uwsgi
默认环境安装与否暂时不管
# 在默认环境下安装uwsgi
pip3 install uwsgi
# 配置环境变量
ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi
配置方式1:配置uwsgi.ini启动项目
进入项目目录:manage.py所在的位置
(icwp) [root@localhost ~]# cd /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/
创建配置文件uwsgi.ini
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# vim ./uwsgi.ini
写入如下内容
- 不要留注释,有可能会导致错误
[uwsgi]
socket=127.0.0.1:9999
chdir=/icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/
static-map=/static/=/icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static
module=Django_ICWP_v3.wsgi
uid=root
gid=root
master=true
pidfile=uwsgi.pid
processes=8
threads=2
vacuum=true
daemonize=./icwp.log
thunder-lock=true
enable-threads=true
- 各配置解释
key | 意义 |
---|---|
socket | 与nginx交互时,设置socket传输方式的地址+端口;自定义,后续要与nginx中的配置一致 |
chdir | 项目目录:manage.py所在的目录 |
static-map=/static/ | 静态资源所在位置:项目目录/static |
module | 项目名.wsgi(即wsgi.py所在的文件夹的名字) |
uid | root账户管理进程 |
gid | |
master | wsgi服务器的角色 |
pidfile | 存放uwsgi进程pid的文件 |
processes | 进程数 |
threads | 每个进程对应的线程数 |
vacuum | 当服务器退出的时候自动删除unix socket文件和pid文件 |
daemonize | 进程后台运行时,日志所打印的位置 |
thunder-lock | |
enable-threads |
uwsgi启动项目
!!!!必须在虚拟环境下启动项目,或者说必须在拥有项目所需第三方库的环境+uwsgi环境下启动项目
!!!!若有任何的启动问题,查看日志即可,上述忠告,就是运行启动命令后无法访问,通过查阅日志解决的!!!
- 启动命令
--ini
用于指定启动文件--http
用于指定项目运行后,访问的地址,该参数可以放在.ini文件中配置
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi-static] added mapping for /static/ => /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static
- 查看uwsgi状态
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# ps aux |grep uwsgi
root 7495 1.7 1.0 435512 41576 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7499 0.0 0.9 435512 36852 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7500 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7503 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7505 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7506 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7508 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7511 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7513 0.0 0.9 435512 36856 ? Sl 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7515 0.0 0.9 435512 36216 ? S 16:53 0:00 uwsgi --http :8000 --ini uwsgi.ini
root 7522 0.0 0.0 112812 972 pts/0 S+ 16:54 0:00 grep --color=auto uwsgi
- 测试连接是否成功:虚拟机
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# curl 192.168.93.128:8000
{"states": 0, "message": "INFO", "warning": "", "data": "请先完成用户登录,再访问其他页面"}
- 测试连接是否成功:本机
浏览器输入:192.168.93.128:8000
有响应:{"states": 0, "message": "INFO", "warning": "", "data": "请先完成用户登录,再访问其他页面"}
响应是项目给出的,不同的项目响应不同
关闭uwsgi
看下一节
配置方式2:配置uwsgi.xml启动项目
后边再说
关闭uwsgi
查看uwsgi状态
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# ps aux |grep uwsgi
关闭uwsgi:根据pid关闭
- 命令1:关闭
- 命令2:查看状态,没了
- 命令3:访问项目,失败
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# ps aux |grep uwsgi
root 7677 0.0 0.0 112812 972 pts/0 S+ 16:59 0:00 grep --color=auto uwsgi
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# curl 192.168.93.128:9000
curl: (7) Failed connect to 192.168.93.128:9000; Connection refused
关闭uwsgi:强制关闭
(icwp) [root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# killall -s INT uwsgi
- 简单的
kill -9 进程号
,不会停止uwsgi,只会导致重启
部署Vue项目
安装nginx(源码安装)
安装
进入自建目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
下载压缩包
[root@localhost nginx]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
解压缩并进入解压缩后的目录
[root@localhost nginx]# tar -xf nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost nginx]# cd nginx-1.13.7
指定安装路径,编译并安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# make && make install
运行测试
启动
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# nginx
查看状态
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# netstat -nlp | grep nginx
测试连接
- 虚拟机内部
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# curl 192.168.93.128:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
- 本机浏览器
浏览器输入内容,成功访问默认内容
关闭nginx
nginx -s stop
结合uwsgi编写nginx.conf配置文件
进入nginx.conf所在目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
备份原配置文件
cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
在原配置文件中,新增如下内容
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# vim nginx.conf
server{
listen 9000;
server_name 192.168.93.128
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript application/x-httpd-php application/json text/json text/json image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/octet-stream;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location /{
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:9999;
}
}
即:访问虚拟机的9000端口,会将请求转发给uwsgi,由uwsgi提交给后端Django项目
上述配置相关参数介绍:
参数 | 解释 |
---|---|
listen 9000 | 表示监听9000端口,转发请求。要与Vue项目中,向后端发送请求的端口号一致 |
server_name 192.168.93.128 | 服务器(或虚拟机)的ip地址,可以是域名 |
uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:9999 | 9999这个端口,与uwsgi.ini配置文件中socket的端口要保持一致 0.0.0.0表示任意ip即可,可以写为跟uwsgi中一致的地址:127.0.0.1 |
部署Vue
编译Vue项目
1、修改前端向后端发送ajax请求的地址:从向本地发送,改为向服务器发送
baseURL = 192.168.93.128:9000
!!注意
前端工程中端口设置为9000,即前端向9000端口发送ajax请求,希望获取服务器响应,则9000端口需要与后端匹配。
即,在结合uwsgi配置nginx.conf文件的时候,listen设置为9000。即发到9000端口的请求,由uwsgi发送给后端
2、编译Vue项目
npm run build
3、上传文件到服务器并进行有关处理
- 自建目录,存放vue的静态资源
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /icwp/code/Vue-ICWP
[root@localhost ~]# cd /icwp/code/Vue-ICWP
- 将dist文件夹放入上述目录,并将dist改名为html
[root@localhost ~]# mv dist html
配置nginx对Vue工程的代理
进入nginx.conf所在目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
在原配置文件中,新增如下内容
[root@localhost nginx-1.13.7]# vim nginx.conf
server {
listen 8081;
server_name 192.168.93.128;
charset utf-8;
location / {
root /icwp/code/Vue-ICWP/html/;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
}
即:访问虚拟机的8081端口,会默认访问/icwp/code/Vue-ICWP/html/index.html
,通过后缀的变化,访问该目录下的其他资源
上述配置内容解释:
参数 | 解释 |
---|---|
listen 8081 | Vue静态资源的访问端口,自定义,可用就行,记得在防火墙中开放 |
server_name 192.168.93.128 | 服务器(或虚拟机)的ip地址,可以是域名 |
root /icwp/code/Vue-ICWP/html/ | Vue静态资源的存放地址 |
最后:后端静态资源处理
静态文件收集
编辑Django工程的settings.py文件,对如下变量进行设置
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
静态文件收集
- 建立静态文件放置的目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static
- 静态文件收集
[root@localhost ~]# cd /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/
[root@localhost Django_ICWP_v3]# python manage.py collectstatic
修改nginx:增加静态资源映射
打开nginx配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
新增如下内容
location /static {
alias /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static;
}
放置的位置:uwsgi有关配置的server里面
最终,uwsgi有关的完整配置如下:
server{
listen 9000;
server_name 192.168.93.128
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript application/x-httpd-php application/json text/json text/json image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/octet-stream;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location /{
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:9999;
}
location /static/{
alias /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static;
}
}
重启nginx
nginx -s reload
访问nginx代理Vue工程的地址,成功!
访问8081端口,默认跳转登录页面
192.168.93.128:8081
输入注册好的账号密码,点击登录
成功登录,说明交互顺利,配置成功!
总结梳理
几个配置文件的最终内容
nginx.conf
位置:/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
server {
listen 8081;
server_name 192.168.93.128;
charset utf-8;
location / {
root /icwp/code/Vue-ICWP/html/;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
}
server{
listen 9000;
server_name 192.168.93.128
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
charset utf-8;
gzip on;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/javascript application/x-httpd-php application/json text/json text/json image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/octet-stream;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location /{
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:9999;
}
location /static/{
alias /icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static;
}
}
}
uwsgi.ini
位置:
[uwsgi]
socket=127.0.0.1:9999
chdir=/icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/
static-map=/static/=/icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static
module=Django_ICWP_v3.wsgi
uid=root
gid=root
master=true
pidfile=uwsgi.pid
processes=8
threads=2
vacuum=true
daemonize=./icwp.log
thunder-lock=true
enable-threads=true
Vue静态资源
位置:/icwp/code/Vue-ICWP/html/
Django静态资源
位置:/icwp/code/Django-ICWP/Django_ICWP_v3/static
通信流程梳理
本机电脑和虚拟机之间,通过网络桥接,可以实现通信。这里虚拟机的地址为:192.168.93.128
当在本机电脑上,访问192.168.93.128:80端口,确认是访问静态资源,通过nginx的代理,指向nginx的静态欢迎页面
当在本机电脑上,访问192.168.93.128:8081端口,确认是访问静态资源,通过nginx的代理,指向Vue项目的静态页面
在Vue的静态资源里面,发送Ajax请求:
-
ajax请求发送到192.168.93.128:9000端口
-
确认是动态资源,nginx转发给uwsgi,并发送给django处理
-
处理的结果再层层返回,相应到客户的浏览器上
当在本机电脑上,访问192.168.93.128:8080端口
- uwsgi在启动django的时候 ,通过
--http :8080
参数,可以指定一个端口,访问django项目 - 当访问到8080端口的时候,也能将请求提交给Django,由Django处理,并将结果返回(不知道图示是否准确?????)
- 应该是不再经过nginx