DHT11介绍分析
HT11数字温湿度传感器
数据格式(在HDT11没有小数):
8bit湿度整数数据 + 8bit湿度小数数据 + 8bit温度整数数据 + 8bit温度小数数据 + 8bit校验和
校验方式将温湿度4个字节数据加起来 = 校验和,传送完成后重新加起来与校验和数据比较是否相同
开始信号时序
线空闲状态为高电平,单片机把总线拉低必须大于18毫秒
,保证DHT11能检测到起始信号,单片机发送开始信号
结束后,延时等待20-40us,DHT11接收到单片机开始信号后,等待单片机开始信号结束,然后发送80us低电平响应信号
HT11发送响应信号后,再把总线拉高80us,准备发送数据
MCU接收数据时序
每一bit数据都以50us低电平时隙开始,高电平长短
决定数据位是 0 还是 1
数字0信号时序
数字1信号时序
代码编写
利用上一个IIC协议和OLED模块,使用单总线通信和温湿度模块,在OLED屏上显示温湿度
dht11.c
#include "dht11.h"
#include "delay.h"
char DHT11_Start(void)
{
uchar delay_count = 0; //用于计数
DHT11_IO = 1; //一开始单片机时序高电平
Delay30us();
DHT11_IO = 0; //拉低电平至少18us
Delay25ms();
DHT11_IO = 1; //再拉高20-40us
Delay30us();
//当DHT11响应信号开始时为低电平(80us),等到结束时高电平,取反结束或大于80us时结束
while(!DHT11_IO && delay_count < 80)
{
delay_count++;
}
if(delay_count >= 80) //大于80us结束
return -1;
delay_count = 0; //重置计数值
//响应信号结束拉高80us后拉低,代表数据开始传输,等拉低电平时或大于80us结束
while(DHT11_IO && delay_count < 80)
{
delay_count++;
}
if(delay_count >= 80) //大于80us结束
{
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
char DHT11_Write(int *humi,int *temp)
{
uchar delay_count = 0,data_byte,tmp,x,y;
uchar DHT11_Data[5]; //定义数组保存数据
DHT11_Start(); //调用开始函数
//发送40bit数据
for(x = 0;x < 5;x++)
{
for(y = 0;y < 8;y++)
{
//数据发送前低电平,判断为高电平时则开始若有问题跳出(>50)
while(!DHT11_IO && delay_count < 50)
delay_count++;
if(delay_count >= 50) //大于80us结束
return -1;
delay_count = 0;
tmp = 0;
Delay30us();
if(DHT11_IO == 1) //若条件不成立发送数据0
{
tmp = 1; //发送数据1
while(DHT11_IO && delay_count < 50)
delay_count++;
if(delay_count >= 50) //大于80us结束
return -1;
}
delay_count = 0;
data_byte <<= 1; //左移一位
data_byte |= tmp; //将每一位数据传给data_byte
}
DHT11_Data[x]=data_byte;
}
//若前四个数值加起来不等于校验位的数,则全部清零
if(DHT11_Data[0]+DHT11_Data[1]+DHT11_Data[2]+DHT11_Data[3] != DHT11_Data[4])
{
DHT11_Data[0]=0;
DHT11_Data[1]=0;
DHT11_Data[2]=0;
DHT11_Data[3]=0;
}
//因为DHT11只有整数,所以是0,2
*humi = (int)DHT11_Data[0]; //相同地址,值改变则另一个相同地址的变量也改变
*temp = (int)DHT11_Data[2];
return 0;
}
dat11.h
#ifndef __DHT11_H__
#define __DHT11_H__
#include "main.h"
sbit DHT11_IO = P1^2;
char DHT11_Start(void);
char DHT11_Write(int *humi,int *temp);
#endif
main.c
#include "iic.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "bmp.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "dht11.h"
#include <stdio.h>
int H,T;
char DHT11_Buf[20];
void main()
{
OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED
OLED_Clear();
OLED_ShowCHinese(0,0,0); //星(x坐标,y坐标,字模第几个)
OLED_ShowCHinese(18,0,1); //仔
OLED_ShowCHinese(36,0,2); //爱
OLED_ShowCHinese(54,0,3); //分
OLED_ShowCHinese(72,0,4); //享
OLED_ShowCHinese(90,0,5); //抖
OLED_ShowCHinese(108,0,6); //音
OLED_ShowCHinese(0,2,5); //抖
OLED_Clear();
OLED_ShowString(6,3,"0.96' OLED TEST",16); //显示字符串(x,y,字符串,字号)
OLED_Clear();
OLED_ShowNum(103,6,224,3,16); //显示数字(x,y,数字,数字个数,字号)
OLED_Clear();
OLED_DrawBMP(0,0,128,8,BMP1); //(1,2:左上角坐标,3,4:右下角坐标,图片字模)
OLED_Clear();
while(1)
{
DHT11_Write(&H, &T);
sprintf(DHT11_Buf,"H2:%d T2:%d",H,T); //将形式字符赋值给DHT11_Buf
OLED_ShowString(0,4,DHT11_Buf,16); //发送字符串
Delay1000ms();
}
}
main.h
#ifndef __MAIN_H__
#define __MAIN_H__
#include "reg52.h"
typedef unsigned char uchar;
#endif
iic.c
#include "iic.h"
#include "delay.h"
uchar i = 0;
//开始标志时序
void IIC_start()
{
//一开始SCL和SDA都为高电平
IIC_SCL = 1;
IIC_SDA = 1;
Delay5us(); //10us一个周期
IIC_SDA = 0; //大概一半周期SDA变低电平
Delay5us(); //再过半个周期
IIC_SCL = 0; //SCL变低电平
}
//结束标志时序
void IIC_stop()
{
//一开始SCL、SDA都为低电平
IIC_SCL = 0;
IIC_SDA = 0;
Delay5us();
IIC_SCL = 1; //过半个周期SCL变高电平
Delay5us();
IIC_SDA = 1; //过半个周期SDA变高电平
}
//写数据
void IIC_write(uchar a1)
{
for(i = 0;i < 8;i++)
{
a1 <<= 1;
IIC_SDA = CY; //进位标志位,左移溢出的保存在CY里
IIC_SCL = 0;
Delay5us();
IIC_SCL = 1;
Delay5us();
IIC_SCL = 0;
}
//应答
IIC_SDA = 0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
Delay5us();
IIC_SCL = 1;
Delay5us();
IIC_SCL = 0;
}
iic.h
#ifndef __IIC_H__
#define __IIC_H__
#include "main.h"
void IIC_start();
void IIC_stop();
void IIC_write(uchar a1);
//定义时间线和数据线
sbit IIC_SCL = P1^5;
sbit IIC_SDA = P1^4;
#endif
oled.c
#include "oled.h"
#include "oledfont.h"
#include "iic.h"
/**********************************************
// IIC Write Command
**********************************************/
void Write_IIC_Command(unsigned char IIC_Command)
{
IIC_start();
IIC_write(0x78); //Slave address,SA0=0
IIC_write(0x00); //write command
IIC_write(IIC_Command);
IIC_stop();
}
/**********************************************
// IIC Write Data
**********************************************/
void Write_IIC_Data(unsigned char IIC_Data)
{
IIC_start();
IIC_write(0x78); //D/C#=0; R/W#=0
IIC_write(0x40); //write data
IIC_write(IIC_Data);
IIC_stop();
}
void OLED_WR_Byte(unsigned dat,unsigned cmd)
{
if(cmd)
{
Write_IIC_Data(dat);
}
else {
Write_IIC_Command(dat);
}
}
/********************************************
// fill_Picture
********************************************/
void fill_picture(unsigned char fill_Data)
{
unsigned char m,n;
for(m=0;m<8;m++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(0xb0+m,0); //page0-page1
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,0); //low column start address
OLED_WR_Byte(0x10,0); //high column start address
for(n=0;n<128;n++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(fill_Data,1);
}
}
}
/***********************Delay****************************************/
void Delay_50ms(unsigned int Del_50ms)
{
unsigned int m;
for(;Del_50ms>0;Del_50ms--)
for(m=6245;m>0;m--);
}
void Delay_1ms(unsigned int Del_1ms)
{
unsigned char j;
while(Del_1ms--)
{
for(j=0;j<123;j++);
}
}
//坐标设置
void OLED_Set_Pos(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)
{ OLED_WR_Byte(0xb0+y,OLED_CMD);
OLED_WR_Byte(((x&0xf0)>>4)|0x10,OLED_CMD);
OLED_WR_Byte((x&0x0f),OLED_CMD);
}
//开启OLED显示
void OLED_Display_On(void)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(0X8D,OLED_CMD); //SET DCDC命令
OLED_WR_Byte(0X14,OLED_CMD); //DCDC ON
OLED_WR_Byte(0XAF,OLED_CMD); //DISPLAY ON
}
//关闭OLED显示
void OLED_Display_Off(void)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(0X8D,OLED_CMD); //SET DCDC命令
OLED_WR_Byte(0X10,OLED_CMD); //DCDC OFF
OLED_WR_Byte(0XAE,OLED_CMD); //DISPLAY OFF
}
//清屏函数,清完屏,整个屏幕是黑色的!和没点亮一样!!!
void OLED_Clear(void)
{
u8 i,n;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte (0xb0+i,OLED_CMD); //设置页地址(0~7)
OLED_WR_Byte (0x00,OLED_CMD); //设置显示位置—列低地址
OLED_WR_Byte (0x10,OLED_CMD); //设置显示位置—列高地址
for(n=0;n<128;n++)OLED_WR_Byte(0,OLED_DATA);
} //更新显示
}
void OLED_On(void)
{
u8 i,n;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte (0xb0+i,OLED_CMD); //设置页地址(0~7)
OLED_WR_Byte (0x00,OLED_CMD); //设置显示位置—列低地址
OLED_WR_Byte (0x10,OLED_CMD); //设置显示位置—列高地址
for(n=0;n<128;n++)OLED_WR_Byte(1,OLED_DATA);
} //更新显示
}
//在指定位置显示一个字符,包括部分字符
//x:0~127
//y:0~63
//mode:0,反白显示;1,正常显示
//size:选择字体 16/12
void OLED_ShowChar(u8 x,u8 y,u8 chr,u8 Char_Size)
{
unsigned char c=0,i=0;
c=chr-' ';//得到偏移后的值
if(x>Max_Column-1){x=0;y=y+2;}
if(Char_Size ==16)
{
OLED_Set_Pos(x,y);
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
OLED_WR_Byte(F8X16[c*16+i],OLED_DATA);
OLED_Set_Pos(x,y+1);
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
OLED_WR_Byte(F8X16[c*16+i+8],OLED_DATA);
}
else {
OLED_Set_Pos(x,y);
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
OLED_WR_Byte(F6x8[c][i],OLED_DATA);
}
}
//m^n函数
u32 oled_pow(u8 m,u8 n)
{
u32 result=1;
while(n--)result*=m;
return result;
}
//显示2个数字
//x,y :起点坐标
//len :数字的位数
//size:字体大小
//mode:模式 0,填充模式;1,叠加模式
//num:数值(0~4294967295);
void OLED_ShowNum(u8 x,u8 y,u32 num,u8 len,u8 size2)
{
u8 t,temp;
u8 enshow=0;
for(t=0;t<len;t++)
{
temp=(num/oled_pow(10,len-t-1))%10;
if(enshow==0&&t<(len-1))
{
if(temp==0)
{
OLED_ShowChar(x+(size2/2)*t,y,' ',size2);
continue;
}else enshow=1;
}
OLED_ShowChar(x+(size2/2)*t,y,temp+'0',size2);
}
}
//显示一个字符号串
void OLED_ShowString(u8 x,u8 y,u8 *chr,u8 Char_Size)
{
unsigned char j=0;
while (chr[j]!='\0')
{ OLED_ShowChar(x,y,chr[j],Char_Size);
x+=8;
if(x>120){x=0;y+=2;}
j++;
}
}
//显示汉字
void OLED_ShowCHinese(u8 x,u8 y,u8 no)
{
u8 t,adder=0;
OLED_Set_Pos(x,y);
for(t=0;t<16;t++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(Hzk[2*no][t],OLED_DATA);
adder+=1;
}
OLED_Set_Pos(x,y+1);
for(t=0;t<16;t++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(Hzk[2*no+1][t],OLED_DATA);
adder+=1;
}
}
/***********功能描述:显示显示BMP图片128×64起始点坐标(x,y),x的范围0~127,y为页的范围0~7*****************/
void OLED_DrawBMP(unsigned char x0, unsigned char y0,unsigned char x1, unsigned char y1,unsigned char BMP[])
{
unsigned int j=0;
unsigned char x,y;
if(y1%8==0) y=y1/8;
else y=y1/8+1;
for(y=y0;y<y1;y++)
{
OLED_Set_Pos(x0,y);
for(x=x0;x<x1;x++)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(BMP[j++],OLED_DATA);
}
}
}
//初始化SSD1306
void OLED_Init(void)
{
OLED_WR_Byte(0xAE,OLED_CMD);//--display off
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);//---set low column address
OLED_WR_Byte(0x10,OLED_CMD);//---set high column address
OLED_WR_Byte(0x40,OLED_CMD);//--set start line address
OLED_WR_Byte(0xB0,OLED_CMD);//--set page address
OLED_WR_Byte(0x81,OLED_CMD); // contract control
OLED_WR_Byte(0xFF,OLED_CMD);//--128
OLED_WR_Byte(0xA1,OLED_CMD);//set segment remap
OLED_WR_Byte(0xA6,OLED_CMD);//--normal / reverse
OLED_WR_Byte(0xA8,OLED_CMD);//--set multiplex ratio(1 to 64)
OLED_WR_Byte(0x3F,OLED_CMD);//--1/32 duty
OLED_WR_Byte(0xC8,OLED_CMD);//Com scan direction
OLED_WR_Byte(0xD3,OLED_CMD);//-set display offset
OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0xD5,OLED_CMD);//set osc division
OLED_WR_Byte(0x80,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0xD8,OLED_CMD);//set area color mode off
OLED_WR_Byte(0x05,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0xD9,OLED_CMD);//Set Pre-Charge Period
OLED_WR_Byte(0xF1,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0xDA,OLED_CMD);//set com pin configuartion
OLED_WR_Byte(0x12,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0xDB,OLED_CMD);//set Vcomh
OLED_WR_Byte(0x30,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0x8D,OLED_CMD);//set charge pump enable
OLED_WR_Byte(0x14,OLED_CMD);//
OLED_WR_Byte(0xAF,OLED_CMD);//--turn on oled panel
}
oled.h
#ifndef __OLED_H__
#define __OLED_H__
#define u8 unsigned char
#define u32 unsigned int
#define OLED_CMD 0 //写命令
#define OLED_DATA 1 //写数据
#define OLED_MODE 0
//OLED模式设置
//0:4线串行模式
//1:并行8080模式
#define SIZE 16
#define XLevelL 0x02
#define XLevelH 0x10
#define Max_Column 128
#define Max_Row 64
#define Brightness 0xFF
#define X_WIDTH 128
#define Y_WIDTH 64
//-----------------OLED端口定义----------------
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms);
//OLED控制用函数
void OLED_WR_Byte(unsigned dat,unsigned cmd);
void OLED_Display_On(void);
void OLED_Display_Off(void);
void OLED_Init(void);
void OLED_Clear(void);
void OLED_DrawPoint(u8 x,u8 y,u8 t);
void OLED_Fill(u8 x1,u8 y1,u8 x2,u8 y2,u8 dot);
void OLED_ShowChar(u8 x,u8 y,u8 chr,u8 Char_Size);
void OLED_ShowNum(u8 x,u8 y,u32 num,u8 len,u8 size);
void OLED_ShowString(u8 x,u8 y, u8 *p,u8 Char_Size);
void OLED_Set_Pos(unsigned char x, unsigned char y);
void OLED_ShowCHinese(u8 x,u8 y,u8 no);
void OLED_DrawBMP(unsigned char x0, unsigned char y0,unsigned char x1, unsigned char y1,unsigned char BMP[]);
void Delay_50ms(unsigned int Del_50ms);
void Delay_1ms(unsigned int Del_1ms);
void fill_picture(unsigned char fill_Data);
void Picture();
void Write_IIC_Command(unsigned char IIC_Command);
void Write_IIC_Data(unsigned char IIC_Data);
#endif
delay.c
#include "delay.h"
#include <intrins.h>
void Delay5us() //@11.0592MHz
{
}
void Delay30us() //@11.0592MHz
{
unsigned char data i;
i = 11;
while (--i);
}
void Delay25ms() //@11.0592MHz
{
unsigned char data i, j;
i = 45;
j = 208;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
void Delay1000ms() //@11.0592MHz
{
unsigned char data i, j, k;
_nop_();
i = 8;
j = 1;
k = 243;
do
{
do
{
while (--k);
} while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
delay.h
#ifndef __DELAY_H__
#define __DELAY_H__
void Delay5us();
void Delay30us();
void Delay25ms();
void Delay1000ms();
#endif