Bootstrap

Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署(Runtime Docker)

Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署（Runtime Docker）

Kubernetes（简称为：k8s）是Google在2014年6月开源的一个容器集群管理系统，使用Go语言开发，用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用，Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效,Kubernetes提供了资源调度、部署管理、服务发现、扩容缩容、监控，维护等一整套功能，努力成为跨主机集群的自动部署、扩展以及运行应用程序容器的平台。 它支持一系列容器工具, 包括Docker、Containerd等。

一、集群环境准备

1.1 主机规划

主机IP地址 主机名 主机配置 主机角色 软件列表
192.168.1.241 k8s-master01 4C16G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.1.247 k8s-master02 2C8G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.1.248 k8s-master03 4C16G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.10.240 k8s-worker01 4C16G worker kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.10.220 k8s-worker02 4C16G worker kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.1.241 k8s-master01 4C16G LB haproxy、keepalived
192.168.1.247 k8s-master02 2C8G LB haproxy、keepalived
192.168.1.100 / / VIP(虚拟IP)

1.2 软件版本

软件名称 版本 备注
CentOS7 kernel版本：5.16
kubernetes v1.28
etcd v3.5.2
calico v3.19.4
coredns v1.8.4
docker-ce 18.09
haproxy 5.18 YUM源默认
keepalived 3.5 YUM源默认

1.3 网络分配

网络名称 网段 备注
Node网络 192.168.1.0/24
Service网络 10.96.0.0/16
Pod网络 10.244.0.0/16

二、集群部署

2.1主机准备

2.1.1 主机名设置

hostnamectl set-hostname xxx

TIPS:

主机名参见1.1小节主机规划表

2.1.2 主机与IP地址解析

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.241 k8s-master01
192.168.1.247 k8s-master02
192.168.1.248 k8s-master03
192.168.1.240 k8s-worker01
192.168.1.220 k8s-worker02
EOF

2.1.3 主机安全设置

2.1.3.1 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
firewall-cmd --state
2.1.3.2 关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
sestatus

2.1.4 交换分区设置

swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
echo "vm.swappiness=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

2.1.5 主机系统时间同步

  • 安装软件
yum -y install ntpdate
  • 制定时间同步计划任务
crontab -e
0 */1 * * * ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
  • 检查时间同步任务是否设置成功
crontab -l

2.1.6 主机系统优化

  • limit优化
ulimit -SHn 65535

cat <<EOF >> /etc/security/limits.conf
soft nofile 655360
hard nofile 131072
soft nproc 655350
hard nproc 655350
soft memlock unlimited
hard memlock unlimited
EOF

2.1.7 ipvs管理工具安装及模块加载

  • 为集群节点安装，负载均衡节点不用安装
yum install -y ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp
  • 创建 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 并加入以下内容
cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF 
ip_vs 
ip_vs_lc 
ip_vs_wlc 
ip_vs_rr 
ip_vs_wrr 
ip_vs_lblc 
ip_vs_lblcr 
ip_vs_dh 
ip_vs_sh 
ip_vs_fo 
ip_vs_nq 
ip_vs_sed 
ip_vs_ftp 
ip_vs_sh 
nf_conntrack 
ip_tables 
ip_set 
xt_set 
ipt_set 
ipt_rpfilter 
ipt_REJECT 
ipip 
EOF
  • 设置为开机启动
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

2.1.8 Linux内核升级

  • 在所有节点中安装，升级操作系统内核
yum -y install perl
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel"  -y install kernel-ml.x86_64
grub2-set-default 0
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

2.1.9 Linux内核优化

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF

sysctl --system
  • 所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
reboot -h now
  • 重启后查看结果
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

2.1.10 其它工具安装(选装)

yum install -y wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git lrzsz

2.2 负载均衡器准备

2.2.1 安装haproxy与keepalived

yum install -y haproxy keepalived

2.2.2 HAProxy配置

cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<"EOF"
global
 maxconn 10000
 ulimit-n 16384
 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
 stats timeout 30s

defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 timeout connect 5000
 timeout client 50000
 timeout server 50000
 timeout http-request 15s
 timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in
 bind *:33305
 mode http
 option httplog
 monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
 bind 0.0.0.0:6443
 bind 127.0.0.1:6443
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
 default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 option tcp-check
 balance roundrobin
 default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 10 fall 5 slowstart 60s maxconn 5000 maxqueue 10000 weight 100
 server  k8s-master01  192.168.1.241:16443 check
 server  k8s-master02  192.168.1.247:16443 check
 server  k8s-master03  192.168.1.248:16443 check
EOF

2.2.3 KeepAlived

主从配置不一致，需要注意。

  • ha1
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2 
   rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface ens192
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.241
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 100
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.1.100
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}
EOF
  • ha2
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2 
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state BACKUP
   interface ens192
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.247
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 99
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.1.100
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}
EOF

2.2.4 健康检查脚本

ha1及ha2均要配置

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
   check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
   if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
       err=$(expr $err + 1)
       sleep 1
       continue
   else
       err=0
       break
   fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
   echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
   /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
   exit 1
else
   exit 0
fi
EOF

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

2.2.5 启动服务并验证

  • 将haproxy,keepalived服务设置成开机自启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
  • 验证haproxy,keepalived是否配置成功
ip address show

TIPS:

  • haproxy常用命令如下:

systemctl status haproxy

systemctl start haproxy

systemctl restart haproxy

systemctl reload haproxy

systemctl stop haproxy

  • keepalived常用命令如下:

systemctl status keepalived

systemctl start keepalived

systemctl restart keepalived

systemctl reload keepalived

systemctl stop keepalived

2.3 配置免密登录

在k8s-master01,k8s-master02,k8s-master03,k8s-worker01,k8s-worker02节点上操作

ssh-keygen

ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master01
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master02
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master03
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-worker01
  • 验证免密登录是否OK
ssh root@k8s-master01
ssh root@k8s-master02
ssh root@k8s-master03
ssh root@k8s-worker01
ssh root@k8s-worker02

2.4 部署ETCD集群

先在在k8s-master01节点上操作,然后分发至k8s-master02,k8s-master03

2.4.1 创建工作目录

mkdir -p /data/k8s-work

2.4.2 获取cfssl工具

cd /data/k8s-work
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
#或者
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/1.2.0/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/1.2.0/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/1.2.0/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64

TIPS:

cfssl是使用go编写，由CloudFlare开源的一款PKI/TLS工具。主要程序有：

  • cfssl，是CFSSL的命令行工具
  • cfssljson用来从cfssl程序获取JSON输出，并将证书，密钥，CSR和bundle写入文件中。
  • 授予cfssl可执行权限
chmod +x cfssl*

mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
  • 执行如下命令,检测cfssl是否安装成功
cfssl version
  • 结果如下所示,即为安装成功
Version: 1.2.0
Revision: dev
Runtime: go1.6

2.4.3 创建CA证书

2.4.3.1 配置ca证书请求文件
cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "WuHan",
      "L": "WuHan",
      "O": "kubeXiaoFanQie",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
     "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
EOF
2.4.3.2 创建ca证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
2.4.3.3 配置ca证书策略
cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
EOF

TIPS:

server auth 表示client可以对使用该ca对server提供的证书进行验证

client auth 表示server可以使用该ca对client提供的证书进行验证

2.4.4 创建etcd证书

2.4.4.1 配置etcd请求文件
cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.1.241",
    "192.168.1.247",
    "192.168.1.248"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [{
    "C": "CN",
    "ST": "WuHan",
    "L": "WuHan",
    "O": "kubeXiaoFanQ",
    "OU": "CN"
  }]
}
EOF
2.4.4.2 生成etcd证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd
  • 查看证书文件是否生成
ls

ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  etcd.csr  etcd-csr.json  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem

2.4.5 部署etcd集群

2.4.5.1 下载etcd软件包
wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.2/etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
2.4.5.2 安装etcd软件
tar -xvf etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -p etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
2.4.5.3 分发etcd软件
scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master02:/usr/local/bin/
scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master03:/usr/local/bin/
2.4.5.4 创建配置文件
  • 创建etcd配置文件目录
mkdir /etc/etcd
  • 创建服务配置文件目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
  • 移动证书至etcd证书目录
cd /data/k8s-work
cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
  • 执行如下命令生成etcd.conf配置信息
cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<"EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.241:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.241:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.241:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.241:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.1.241:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.247:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.248:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH=true
ETCD_TRUSTED_CA_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
ETCD_CERT_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem
ETCD_KEY_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem
ETCD_PEER_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH=true
ETCD_PEER_CERT_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem
ETCD_PEER_KEY_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem
ETCD_PEER_TRUSTED_CA_FILE=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
EOF

配置项说明：

ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

2.4.5.5 创建服务配置文件
  • 执行如下命令生成etcd.service配置信息
cat > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.4.5.6 同步etcd配置到集群其它master节点
  • 创建目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
  • 服务配置文件,需要修改etcd节点名称及IP地址
scp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf k8s-master02:/etc/etcd/
scp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf k8s-master03:/etc/etcd/
  • 修改k8s-master02节点etcd.conf配置如下
cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.247:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.247:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.247:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.247:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.1.241:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.1.247:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.1.248:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
  • 修改k8s-master03节点etcd.conf配置如下
cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.248:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.248:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.248:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.248:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=

悦读

道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 无名，天地之始，有名，万物之母。 故常无欲，以观其妙，常有欲，以观其徼。 此两者，同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。

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