2019-10-15 遇到的小问题
最近开始操作树莓派，安装的系统是ArchLinux的arm版本，简单记录一下安装过程。
主要是根据ArchLinuxARM安装文档进行安装操作的。
有点坑的是这页面在mac上能正常切换显示installation标签的内容，但在我的Windows上换了好几个浏览器，都无法切换过去。只能使用web调试，改了下html，才正常显示installation标签页。
树莓派安装
[root@alarmpi ~]# lsblk #查看存储卡名称
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 1 14.4G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 1 61M 0 part
|-sda2 8:2 1 2.3G 0 part
`-sda3 8:3 1 12.1G 0 part
mmcblk0 179:0 0 14.9G 0 disk
|-mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 100M 0 part /boot
`-mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 14.8G 0 part /
[root@alarmpi ~]# fdisk /dev/sda #使用fdisk对存储卡进行分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): o #删除所有分区
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf5d1473c.
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况，这时候没有分区了。
Disk /dev/sda: 14.42 GiB, 15476981760 bytes, 30228480 sectors
Disk model: Storage Device
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf5d1473c
Command (m for help): n #创建第一个分区
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-30228479, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-30228479, default 30228479): +100M
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 100 MiB.
Command (m for help): t #更改分区类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): c
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'.
Command (m for help): n #创建第二个分区
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (206848-30228479, default 206848):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (206848-30228479, default 30228479):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.3 GiB.
Command (m for help): p #查看分区情况，有两个分区。
Disk /dev/sda: 14.42 GiB, 15476981760 bytes, 30228480 sectors
Disk model: Storage Device
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf5d1473c
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 206847 204800 100M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sda2 206848 30228479 30021632 14.3G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.a
[root@alarmpi ~]# mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1 #格式化
#如果-bash: mkfs.vfat: command not found不存在，需pacman -Sy dosfstools安装应用。
[root@alarmpi ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
[root@alarmpi ~]# cd /mnt
[root@alarmpi mnt]# mkdir boot
[root@alarmpi mnt]# mkdir root
[root@alarmpi mnt]# mount /dev/sda1 boot
[root@alarmpi mnt]# mount /dev/sda2 root
[root@alarmpi mnt]# wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-rpi-2-latest.tar.gz
#需pacman -Sy wget 安装应用，不过下载速度太慢了，从其他地方下载好拷过去。
[root@alarmpi mnt]# bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-rpi-2-latest.tar.gz -C root
[root@alarmpi mnt]# sync
[root@alarmpi mnt]# mv root/boot/* boot
[root@alarmpi mnt]# umount boot root
安装后把SD卡插到树莓派开机，使用“账号root”和“密码root”登陆。
习惯使用root账号通过ssh连接对机器进行管理，所以执行命令echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> "/etc/ssh/sshd_config"更改设置，然后执行systemctl restart sshd重启sshd服务，这样就 可以了。
我的版本和型号：
# uname -a
Linux alarmpi 4.19.66-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Aug 17 02:33:29 UTC 2019 armv7l GNU/Linux
# cat /proc/device-tree/model
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2
开机后还需要执行pacman-key --init和pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm命令初始化pacman密钥环，才能正常安装程序。如果没有，在安装时会出现一堆错误提示。
error: binutils: signature from "Arch Linux ARM Build System " is unknown trust
:: File /var/cache/pacman/pkg/binutils-2.32-1-armv7h.pkg.tar.xz is corrupted (invalid or corrupted package (PGP signature)).
Do you want to delete it? [Y/n] n
顺便设置了一下镜像，镜像地址是拿的这篇文章里面的，使用的清华大学和中国科学技术大学。速度快了很多。
打开【/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist】文件，
Server = http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo
Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo
Server = http://mirrors.stuhome.net/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo
把这三句添加到文件的开头，然后执行命令。
pacman -Syyu
.
parted /dev/sda
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []?
File system type? [ext2]? xfs
Start? 0
End? 100%
(parted) print
.
mkfs.exfat /dev/sdb