参考文献：
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44368437/article/details/117563488?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522B29965E7-F195-42CD-9DA3-3DC2BE6C70B4%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=B29965E7-F195-42CD-9DA3-3DC2BE6C70B4&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~blog~top_positive~default-1-117563488-null-null.nonecase&utm_term=C%2B%2B&spm=1018.2226.3001.4450
代码路径：
代码：
main.c
/*
* 参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44368437/article/details/117563488?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522B29965E7-F195-42CD-9DA3-3DC2BE6C70B4%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=B29965E7-F195-42CD-9DA3-3DC2BE6C70B4&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~blog~top_positive~default-1-117563488-null-null.nonecase&utm_term=C%2B%2B&spm=1018.2226.3001.4450
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <queue>
#include <functional>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <map>
//#include "func.h"
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
#if 0
func_test1();
#endif
#if 0
func_test2();
#endif
#if 0
func_test3();
#endif
#if 0
vector<int> nums;
nums.insert(nums.begin(), 99);
nums.insert(nums.begin(), 34);
nums.insert(nums.end(), 1000);
nums.push_back(669);
cout << "\n当前nums中元素为: " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++)
cout << nums[i] << " " ;
cout << endl;
cout << nums.at(2);
nums.erase(nums.begin());
nums.pop_back();
cout << "\n当前nums中元素为: " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++)
cout << nums[i] << " " ;
cout << endl;
#endif
#if 0
list<int> number;
list<int>::iterator niter;
number.push_back(123);
number.push_back(234);
number.push_back(345);
cout << "链表内容：" << endl;
for (niter = number.begin(); niter != number.end(); ++niter)
cout << *niter << endl;
number.reverse();
cout << "逆转后的链表内容：" << endl;
for (niter = number.begin(); niter != number.end(); ++niter)
cout << *niter << endl;
number.reverse();
#endif
#if 0
stack<int> st;
int num = 100;
cout << "100的八进制表示为：";
while (num) {
st.push(num % 8);
num /= 8;
}
int t;
while (!st.empty()) {
t = st.top();
cout << t;
st.pop();
}
cout << endl;
#endif
#if 0
queue<int> qu;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
qu.push(i * 3 + i);
while (!qu.empty()) {
cout << qu.front() << " ";
qu.pop();
}
cout << endl;
#endif
#if 0
priority_queue<int> pq;
srand((unsigned)time(0));
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
int t = rand();
cout << t << endl;
pq.push(t);
}
cout << "优先队列的值：" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
cout << pq.top() << endl;
pq.pop();
}
#endif
#if 0
set<string> s;
s.insert("aaa");
s.insert("bbb");
s.insert("ccc");
if (s.count("aaa") != 0) {
cout << "存在元素aaa" << endl;
}
set<string>::iterator iter;
for (iter = s.begin(); iter != s.end(); ++iter)
cout << *iter << endl;
#endif
#if 1
map<string, int> m;
m["aaa"] = 111;
m["bbb"] = 222;
m["ccc"] = 333;
if (m.count("aaa")) {
cout << "键aaa对应的值为" << m.at("aaa") << endl;
cout << "键aaa对应的值为" << m["aaa"] << endl;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
func.h
int add1(int a, int b);
//内联函数
inline double circle(double r);
//函数重载
int add(int x, int y);
double add(double x, double y);
int add(int x, int y, int z);
void swap(int &a, int &b)
{
int t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
}
int a[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
int& index(int i)
{
return a[i];
}
int value; //定义全局变量value
class Score{
public:
Score();//无参构造，默认构造函数
~Score();//析构函数
Score(int m, int f);//构造函数
Score(const Score &p); //拷贝构造函数
void setScore(int m, int f);
void showScore();
private:
int mid_exam;
int fin_exam;
};
void Score::setScore(int m, int f)
{
mid_exam = m;
fin_exam = f;
}
void Score::showScore()
{
cout << "期中成绩: " << mid_exam << endl;
cout << "期末成绩：" << fin_exam << endl;
}
Score::Score(int m, int f)
{
mid_exam = m;
fin_exam = f;
cout << "进入了含参构造函数" << endl;
}
Score::Score()
{
cout << "进入了默认构造函数" << endl;
}
Score::~Score()
{
cout << "析构函数被调用" << endl;
}
Score::Score(const Score &p)
{
mid_exam = p.mid_exam;
fin_exam = p.fin_exam;
cout << "进入了拷贝构造函数" << endl;
}
class A{
private:
int x;
int& rx;
const double pi;
public:
A(int v) : x(v), rx(x), pi(3.14) //成员初始化列表
{ }
void print()
{
cout << "x = " << x << " rx = " << rx << " pi = " << pi << endl;
}
};
class A1{
public:
char name[10];
int no;
};
class Student2{
public:
Student2(char *name1, float score1);
~Student2();
Student2(const Student2& stu);
void printData();
private:
char *name;
float score;
};
Student2::Student2(char *name1, float score1)
{
name = name1;
score = score1;
}
Student2::Student2(const Student2& stu)
{
name = new char[strlen(stu.name) + 1];
if (name != 0) {
strcpy(name, stu.name);
score = stu.score;
}
}
Student2::~Student2()
{
delete name;
}
void Student2::printData()
{
cout << "name :" << name <<"," << "score：" << score << endl;
}
class Point{
public:
int x;
int y;
Point(int x1, int y1) : x(x1), y(y1) //成员初始化列表
{ }
int getDistance()
{
return x * x + y * y;
}
};
void changePoint1(Point point) //使用对象作为函数参数
{
point.x += 1;
point.y -= 1;
}
void changePoint2(Point *point) //使用对象指针作为函数参数
{
point->x += 1;
point->y -= 1;
}
void changePoint3(Point &point) //使用对象引用作为函数参数
{
point.x += 1;
point.y -= 1;
}
int add1(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
inline double circle(double r) //内联函数
{
double PI = 3.14;
return PI * r * r;
}
int add(int x, int y)
{
return x + y;
}
double add(double x, double y)
{
return x + y;
}
int add(int x, int y, int z)
{
return x + y + z;
}
void func_test1()
{
#if 0
int x;
int y;
cout << "Please enter two num:" << endl;
cin >> x >> y;
cout << "add x and y is " << add1(x,y) << endl;
#endif
#if 0
void* pc;
int i = 123;
char c = 'a';
pc = &i;
cout << pc << endl; //输出指针地址006FF730
cout << *(int*)pc << endl; //输出值123
pc = &c;
cout << *(char*)pc << endl; //输出值a
#endif
#if 0
for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
{
cout << circle(i) << endl;
}
#endif
//函数重载
# if 0
int a = 3, b = 5, c = 7;
double x = 10.334, y = 8.9003;
cout << add(a, b) << endl;
cout << add(x, y) << endl;
cout << add(a, b, c) << endl;
#endif
//变量的作用域
#if 0
int value;
value = 100;
::value = -1000;
cout << " local value is " << value <<endl;
cout << " global value is " << ::value <<endl;
#endif
//强制类型转换
#if 0
int i = 10;
double x = (double)i;
x = double(i);
#endif
//引用
#if 0
int i = 10;
int &j = i;
cout << "i = " << i << " j = " << j << endl;
cout << "i的地址为 " << &i << endl;
cout << "j的地址为 " << &j << endl;
#endif
#if 0
int a = 5, b = 10;
//交换数字a和b
swap(a, b);
cout << "a = " << a << " b = " << b << endl;
cout << index(2) << endl; //等价于输出元素a[2]的值
index(2) = 100; //等价于将a[2]的值赋为100;
cout << index(2) << endl;
#endif
#if 0
Score op1, op2;
op1.setScore(88, 99);
//op1.showScore();
Score op, *sc;
sc = &op;
sc->setScore(99, 100);
//op.showScore();
op2 = *sc;
//op2.showScore();
Score op9(99,100);
//op9.showScore();
Score *op10 = new Score(99,99);
op10->showScore();
#endif
#if 0
Score op1;
op1.setScore(88, 99);
op1.showScore();
Score op2(op1);
op2.showScore();
#endif
#if 0
A1 a = {"chen", 23};
cout << a.name << "\t" << a.no << endl;
#endif
#if 0
char str[] = "white";
Student2 stu1(str, 89);
stu1.printData();
Student2 stu2(stu1);
stu2.printData();
#endif
#if 0
Score score;
Score *p;
p = &score;
p->setScore(88,99);
p->showScore();
#endif
#if 0
Score score[2];
score[0].setScore(90, 99);
score[1].setScore(67, 89);
Score *p;
p = score; //将对象score的地址赋值给p
p->showScore();
p++; //对象指针变量加1
p->showScore();
Score *q;
q =&score[1]; //将第二个数组元素的地址赋值给对象指针变量q
q->showScore();
#endif
/*
* string的相关操作
*/
#if 0
string str1 = "ABC";
string str2("dfdf");
string str3 = str1 + str2;
cout<< "str1 = " << str1 << " str2 = " << str2 << " str3 = " << str3 << endl;
str2 += str2;
str3 += "aff";
cout << "str2 = " << str2 << " str3 = " << str3 << endl;
cout << "str1[1] = " << str1[1] << " str1 == str2 ? " << (str1 == str2) << endl;
string str = "ABC";
cout << "str == str1 ? " << (str == str1) << endl;
#endif
#if 0
Point point[3] = {Point(1, 1), Point(2, 2), Point(3, 3)};
Point *p = point;
changePoint1(*p);
cout << "the distance is " << p[0].getDistance() << endl;
p++;
changePoint2(p);
cout << "the distance is " << p->getDistance() << endl;
changePoint3(point[2]);
cout << "the distance is " << point[2].getDistance() << endl;
#endif
}
class Score{
private:
int mid_exam;
int fin_exam;
static int count; //静态数据成员，用于统计学生人数
static float sum; //静态数据成员，用于统计期末累加成绩
static float ave; //静态数据成员，用于统计期末平均成绩
public:
Score(int m, int f);
~Score();
static void show_count_sum_ave(); //静态成员函数
};
Score::Score(int m, int f)
{
mid_exam = m;
fin_exam = f;
++count;
sum += fin_exam;
ave = sum / count;
}
Score::~Score()
{
}
/*** 静态成员初始化 ***/
int Score::count = 0;
float Score::sum = 0.0;
float Score::ave = 0.0;
void Score::show_count_sum_ave()
{
cout << "学生人数: " << count << endl;
cout << "期末累加成绩: " << sum << endl;
cout << "期末平均成绩: " << ave << endl;
}
class Score{
private:
int mid_exam;
int fin_exam;
public:
Score(int m, int f);
void showScore();
friend int getScore(Score &ob);
};
Score::Score(int m, int f)
{
mid_exam = m;
fin_exam = f;
}
int getScore(Score &ob)
{
return (int)(0.3 * ob.mid_exam + 0.7 * ob.fin_exam);
}
class Score; //对Score类的提前引用说明
class Student{
private:
string name;
int number;
public:
Student(string na, int nu) {
name = na;
number = nu;
}
friend void show(Score &sc, Student &st);
};
class Score{
private:
int mid_exam;
int fin_exam;
public:
Score(int m, int f) {
mid_exam = m;
fin_exam = f;
}
friend void show(Score &sc, Student &st);
};
void show(Score &sc, Student &st) {
cout << "姓名：" << st.name << " 学号：" << st.number << endl;
cout << "期中成绩：" << sc.mid_exam << " 期末成绩：" << sc.fin_exam << endl;
}
class Score; //对Score类的提前引用说明
class Student{
private:
string name;
int number;
public:
Student(string na, int nu) {
name = na;
number = nu;
}
void show(Score &sc);
};
class Score{
private:
int mid_exam;
int fin_exam;
public:
Score(int m, int f) {
mid_exam = m;
fin_exam = f;
}
friend void Student::show(Score &sc);
};
void Student::show(Score &sc) {
cout << "姓名：" << name << " 学号：" << number << endl;
cout << "期中成绩：" << sc.mid_exam << " 期末成绩：" << sc.fin_exam << endl;
}
class Person{
private:
string name;
string id_number;
int age;
public:
Person(string name1, string id_number1, int age1) {
name = name1;
id_number = id_number1;
age = age1;
cout << "进入到了Person的构造函数" << endl;
}
~Person() {
cout << "进入到了Person的析构函数" << endl;
}
void show() {
cout << "姓名: " << name << " 身份证号: " << id_number << " 年龄: " << age << endl;
}
};
class Student:public Person{
private:
int credit;
public:
Student(string name1, string id_number1, int age1, int credit1):Person(name1, id_number1, credit1) {
credit = credit1;
cout << "进入到了Student的构造函数" << endl;
}
~Student() {
cout << "进入到了Student的析构函数" << endl;
}
void show() {
Person::show();
cout << "学分: " << credit << endl;
}
};
class A{
public:
A() {
cout << "A类对象构造中..." << endl;
}
~A() {
cout << "析构A类对象..." << endl;
}
};
class B : public A{
public:
B() {
cout << "B类对象构造中..." << endl;
}
~B(){
cout << "析构B类对象..." << endl;
}
};
class Base{
protected:
int a;
public:
Base(){
a = 5;
cout << "Base a = " << a << endl;
}
};
class Base1: public Base{
public:
Base1() {
a = a + 10;
cout << "Base1 a = " << a << endl;
}
};
class Base2: public Base{
public:
Base2() {
a = a + 20;
cout << "Base2 a = " << a << endl;
}
};
class Derived: public Base1, public Base2{
public:
Derived() {
cout << "Base1::a = " << Base1::a << endl;
cout << "Base2::a = " << Base2::a << endl;
}
};
class Base{
protected:
int a;
public:
Base(){
a = 5;
cout << "Base a = " << a << endl;
}
};
class Base1: virtual public Base{
public:
Base1() {
a = a + 10;
cout << "Base1 a = " << a << endl;
}
};
class Base2: virtual public Base{
public:
Base2() {
a = a + 20;
cout << "Base2 a = " << a << endl;
}
};
class Derived: public Base1, public Base2{
public:
Derived() {
cout << "Base1::a = " << Base1::a << endl;
cout << "Base2::a = " << Base2::a << endl;
}
};
class Family{
private:
string flower;
public:
Family(string name = "鲜花"): flower(name) { }
string getName() {
return flower;
}
virtual void like() {
cout << "家人喜欢不同的花: " << endl;
}
};
class Mother: public Family{
public:
Mother(string name = "月季"): Family(name) { }
void like() {
cout << "妈妈喜欢" << getName() << endl;
}
};
class Daughter: public Family{
public:
Daughter(string name = "百合"): Family(name) { }
void like() {
cout << "女儿喜欢" << getName() << endl;
}
};
class Base{
public:
virtual ~Base() {
cout << "调用基类Base的析构函数..." << endl;
}
};
class Derived: public Base{
public:
~Derived() {
cout << "调用派生类Derived的析构函数..." << endl;
}
};
/*** 定义一个公共基类 ***/
class Figure{
protected:
double x, y;
public:
Figure(double a, double b): x(a), y(b) { }
virtual void getArea() //虚函数
{
cout << "No area computation defind for this class.\n";
}
};
class Triangle: public Figure{
public:
Triangle(double a, double b): Figure(a, b){ }
//虚函数重定义，用于求三角形的面积
void getArea(){
cout << "Triangle with height " << x << " and base " << y;
cout << " has an area of " << x * y * 0.5 << endl;
}
};
class Square: public Figure{
public:
Square(double a, double b): Figure(a, b){ }
//虚函数重定义，用于求矩形的面积
void getArea(){
cout << "Square with dimension " << x << " and " << y;
cout << " has an area of " << x * y << endl;
}
};
class Circle: public Figure{
public:
Circle(double a): Figure(a, a){ }
//虚函数重定义，用于求圆的面积
void getArea(){
cout << "Circle with radius " << x ;
cout << " has an area of " << x * x * 3.14 << endl;
}
};
class Complex{
private:
double real, imag;
public:
Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0): real(r), imag(i) { }
/*friend Complex& operator+(Complex& a, Complex& b) {
Complex * ptemp = new Complex;
ptemp->real = a.real + b.real;
ptemp->imag = a.imag + b.imag;
return *ptemp;
}*/
friend Complex operator+(Complex& a, Complex& b) {
Complex temp;
temp.real = a.real + b.real;
temp.imag = a.imag + b.imag;
return temp;
}
void display() {
cout << real;
if (imag > 0) cout << "+";
if (imag != 0) cout << imag << "i" << endl;
}
};
//实现一个求数组中最大值的函数模板
template<typename T>
T Max(T*array, int len)
{
T MaxVal = array[0];
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
if(array[i] > MaxVal)
{
MaxVal = array[i];
}
}
return MaxVal;
}
template <class Type>
Type Max(Type x, Type y) {
return x > y ? x : y;
}
template <class Type>
Type Max(Type x, Type y, Type z) {
Type t = x > y ? x : y;
t = t > z ? t : z;
return t;
}
const int size = 10;
template <class T>
class Stack{
private:
T stack[size];
int top;
public:
void init() {
top = 0;
}
void push(T t);
T pop();
};
template <class T>
void Stack<T>::push(T t) {
if (top == size) {
cout << "Stack is full!" << endl;
return;
}
stack[top++] = t;
}
template <class T>
T Stack<T>::pop() {
if (top == 0) {
cout << "Stack is empty!" <<endl;
return 0;
}
return stack[--top];
}
void func_test2()
{
#if 0
Score sco[3] = {Score(90, 89), Score(78, 99), Score(89, 88)};
sco[2].show_count_sum_ave();
Score::show_count_sum_ave();
#endif
#if 0
Score score(100, 10);
cout << "成绩为: " << getScore(score) << endl;
#endif
#if 0
Score sc(89, 99);
Student st("白", 12467);
show(sc, st);
#endif
#if 0
Score sc(89, 99);
Student st("白", 12467);
st.show(sc);
#endif
#if 0
Student stu("白", "110103**********23", 12, 123);
stu.show();
#endif
#if 0
B b;
#endif
#if 0
Derived obj;
#endif
#if 0
Family *p;
Family f;
Mother mom;
Daughter dau;
p = &f;
p->like();
p = &mom;
p->like();
p = &dau;
p->like();
#endif
#if 0
Base *p;
p = new Derived;
delete p;
#endif
#if 0
Figure *p;
Triangle t(10.0, 6.0);
Square s(10.0, 6.0);
Circle c(10.0);
p = &t;
p->getArea();
p = &s;
p->getArea();
p = &c;
p->getArea();
#endif
#if 0
//运算符重载
Complex a(2.3, 4.6), b(3.6, 2.8), c;
a.display();
b.display();
c = a + b;
c.display();
c = operator+(a, b);
c.display();
Complex d(1,1);
c= a + b+ d;
c.display();
#endif
#if 0
//函数模板与类模板
int array_int[] = {783, 78, 234, 34, 90, 1};
double array_double[] = {99.02, 21.9, 23.90, 12.89, 1.09, 34.9};
int imax = Max(array_int, 6);
double dmax = Max(array_double, 6);
cout << "整型数组的最大值是：" << imax << endl;
cout << "双精度型数组的最大值是：" << dmax << endl;
#endif
#if 0
cout << "33,66中最大值为 " << Max(33, 66) << endl;
cout << "33,66,44中最大值为 " << Max(363, 66, 44) << endl;
#endif
#if 1
Stack<string> st;
st.init();
st.push("aaa");
st.push("bbb");
cout << st.pop() << endl;
cout << st.pop() << endl;
#endif
}
ostream &output(ostream &stream)
{
stream.setf(ios::left);
stream << setw(10) << hex << setfill('-');
return stream;
}
int cput() {
ofstream outf("test.txt", ios::binary);
if (!outf) {
cout << "Cannot open output file.\n";
exit(1);
}
char ch = 'a';
for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
outf.put(ch);
ch++;
}
outf.close();
return 0;
}
int cget() {
fstream inf("test.txt", ios::binary);
if (!inf) {
cout << "Cannot open input file.\n";
exit(1);
}
char ch;
while (inf.get(ch)) {
cout << ch;
}
inf.close();
return 0;
}
struct list{
char course[15];
int score;
};
void func_test3()
{
#if 0
cout << 123 << endl;
cout << output << 123 << endl;
#endif
#if 0
ofstream fout("test.txt", ios::out);
if (!fout) {
cout << "Cannot open output file." << endl;
exit(1);
}
fout << "I am a student.";
fout.close();
#endif
#if 0
ifstream fin("test.txt", ios::in);
if (!fin) {
cout << "Cannot open output file." << endl;
exit(1);
}
char str[80];
fin.getline(str , 80);
cout << str <<endl;
fin.close();
#endif
#if 0
cput();
cget(); //此处文件打不开，不知为什么。。。
#endif
#if 0
list ob[2] = {"Computer", 90, "History", 99};
ofstream out("test.txt", ios::binary);
if (!out) {
cout << "Cannot open output file.\n";
abort(); //退出程序，作用与exit相同。
}
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
out.write((char*) &ob[i], sizeof(ob[i]));
}
out.close();
#endif
#if 0
list ob[2];
ifstream in("test.txt", ios::binary);
if (!in) {
cout << "Cannot open input file.\n";
abort();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
in.read((char *) &ob[i], sizeof(ob[i]));
cout << ob[i].course << " " << ob[i].score << endl;
}
in.close();
#endif
}
Makefile
main:main.c
g++ -o $@ $^
./$@
clean:
rm main