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oracle-存储过程

目录

1、简单

2、带输入和输出存过

3、查询多列的输出

4、带if 的存过

5、带循环的存过

循环格式1

循环格式2

循环格式3 

6、游标

简单

建表 

用法1

用法2

用法3

用法4

7、默认游标

8、循环的案例

9、使用using 传参

11、异常


0、执行以下存过需要的建表语句

执行一下存过需要的建表语句

create table dept30 as select * from dept; 

create table DEPT30_TEMP as select * from dept; 

1、简单


========================================================定义变量
psal number(7,2);
my_name emp.ename%type;  --该表中的字段的类型为当前变量的类型
emp_rec emp%rowtype;     --记录型变量 一行一条记录
var1 char(15);           --定义var1为char 15个长度
married boolean:=true    --赋默认值为true
total  number:=0;        --赋默认值为0
v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度


========================================================pro_001
create or replace procedure pro_001
is
begin
  dbms_output.put_line('hello world');
end;


========================================================pro_014
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_014
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
)
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  cTime DATE;
  v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度
  m_name emp.ename%type;
  m_sal  emp.sal%type;
BEGIN

  SELECT ename, sal into m_name, m_sal FROM emp e where e.empno = '7369';
  dbms_output.put_line(m_name || '  的薪水是 '|| m_sal);

  select count(1) as num into c from dept30;
  commit;
  
  msg:='执行  pro_014  成功 ';
  
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_002 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_014;


2、带输入和输出存过

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_002
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入 
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
) 
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  cTime DATE;
  v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度
BEGIN
  dbms_output.put_line('a='||a );  
  dbms_output.put_line('b='||b );  

  select count(1) as num into c from dept30;
  commit;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_002 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_002;

3、查询多列的输出

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_003
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入 
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar,
  msg1 out varchar,
  msg2 out varchar
) 
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  cTime DATE;
  v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度
BEGIN
  dbms_output.put_line('a='||a );  
  dbms_output.put_line('b='||b );  
  c:='1';

  select DEPTNO ,DNAME into msg1,msg2 from dept30 where deptno='62';
  msg:='执行 pro_003 成功 ';
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_003 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_003;

4、带if 的存过

========================================================if语句结构
--if语句
if 条件  then 语句1;
语句2;
end if;


if 条件  then 语句1;
esle 语句2;
end if;


if 条件 then 语句1;
elseif 语句2 then 语句;
else 语句3
end if;


CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_019
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
)
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  cTime DATE;
  v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度
  total  number:=0;
  i dept30%rowtype;  --记录型变量
  count_num NUMBER :=0;
BEGIN

     select /*+parallel(16) */ count(1) into count_num from DEPT30_TEMP;

     if count_num < 50000 then
			   dbms_output.put_line('50000=====> '|| count_num);
     else
         dbms_output.put_line('count_num=====> '|| count_num);
		 end if;
     
     commit;


EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_019 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_019;





========================================================

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_004
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入 
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar,
  msg1 out varchar,
  msg2 out varchar,
  msg3 out varchar
) 
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  cTime DATE;
  v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度
BEGIN
  
  IF a=123 THEN
    BEGIN 
       select DEPTNO ,DNAME into msg1 , msg2 from dept30 where deptno='62';
       msg:='执行 pro_004 成功 ';
    END;
  END IF;

  
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_004 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_004;



5、带循环的存过

循环格式1

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_005
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入 
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar,
  msg1 out varchar,
  msg2 out varchar,
  msg3 out varchar
) 
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  cTime DATE;
  v_table varchar(4000);   --定义变量,需要指定长度
  counum number:=0;
BEGIN
  
  WHILE a=123 LOOP
  BEGIN
       select DEPTNO ,DNAME into msg1 , msg2 from dept30 where deptno='62';
       msg:='执行 pro_005 成功 ';
       counum:=counum+1;
       dbms_output.put_line(counum);
       exit when counum > 100;
  END;
  END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_005 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_005;

循环格式2


==============================================  loop2 
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE loop2 

is

BEGIN
	-- 打印 1-100的自然数,当打印到50时,跳出循环,输出打印结束
	-- goto 跳出循环 到指定位置  exit相当于break;
	for c in 1 .. 10 loop 
		dbms_output.put_line(c);
		if c = 5 then 	
			goto lable;
		end if;
	end loop;
  <<lable>>
 	dbms_output.put_line('打印结束  这个是lable');
  dbms_output.put_line('    ');
	
	for c in 1 .. 10 loop 
		dbms_output.put_line(c);
		if c = 5 then 	
			dbms_output.put_line('打印结束'); exit;
		end if;
	end loop;
	
END;

循环格式3 

==============================================  loop3
CREATE OR REPLACE
PROCEDURE "loop" 
AS
/*
	循环1-100 用三种方式
*/

v_i NUMBER := 1;
v_j NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
  -- 方式1 
	loop 
		dbms_output.put_line(v_i);
		v_i := v_i + 1;
	exit when v_i > 100;
	end loop;
	
	-- 方式2
	while v_j <= 100 loop
		dbms_output.put_line(v_j);
		v_j := v_j + 1;
	end loop;
	
	-- 方式3 正序输出
	for c in 1 .. 100 loop
		dbms_output.put_line(c);
	end loop;
	
	-- 方式3 倒序输出
	for c in reverse 1 .. 100 loop
		dbms_output.put_line(c);
	end loop;
	
END;

6、游标

简单

==========================================游标用法
SQL%ROWCOUNT 整型 代表DML语句成功执行的数据行数 
SQL%FOUND  布尔型  值为TRUE代表插入、删除、更新或单行查询操作成功 
SQL%NOTFOUND 布尔型 与SQL%FOUND属性返回值相反 
SQL%ISOPEN 布尔型 DML执行过程中为真,结束后为假 




结论:一般来说 '批量处理' 的速度要最好,'隐式游标' 的次之,'单条处理' 的最差
说明:若有兴趣,可以在数据量多的表里面,分别尝试下列三种写法,并打印时间,用作比较

1. 批量处理
   open 游标;
   loop
      fetch 游标 bulk collect  
       into 集合变量(也就是 table 类型哦) limit 数值; -- 一般 500 左右
       
       exit when 条件; -- cursor.count = 0
       逻辑处理;
    end loop;
    close 游标;

2. 隐式游标
   for x in (sql 语句) loop
      逻辑处理;
   end loop;

3. 单条处理
   open  游标;
   loop
      fetch 游标 
       into 变量;
     
       exit when 条件;
       逻辑处理;
   end loop;
   close 游标;

建表 

==========================================建表
-- 测试基础数据
create table stu_info (
  id   number(3),
  name varchar2(30),
  sex  varchar2(3)
);


insert into stu_info(id, name, sex) values (1, '小游子', '女');
insert into stu_info(id, name, sex) values (2, '小优子', '男');
commit;

用法1

==========================================玩法1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_006
(
       msg out varchar
)
IS

-- 1 定义游标
cursor cur_stu_info is  select * from stu_info;
-- 2 定义一个v_stu_info 变量 类型是 表类型cur_stu_info
v_stu_info cur_stu_info%rowtype;

BEGIN
-- 3 开启游标
open cur_stu_info;

-- 4 获取一行数据
fetch cur_stu_info into v_stu_info;

-- 5输出
dbms_output.put_line(v_stu_info.id || ' : ' || v_stu_info.name);

-- 6关闭游标
close cur_stu_info;

EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_006 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_006;

用法2

==========================================玩法2
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_007
(
msg out varchar
) IS

  -- 1 定义游标
  cursor cur_stu_info is select * from stu_info;
  -- 2 定义一个v_stu_info 变量 类型是 表类型cur_stu_info
  v_stu_info cur_stu_info%rowtype;

BEGIN
  open cur_stu_info;
  loop
    
    fetch cur_stu_info into v_stu_info; 
    exit when cur_stu_info%notfound;  -- 没有找到则退出
    dbms_output.put_line(v_stu_info.id || '|@| ' || v_stu_info.name);
  end loop;

  close cur_stu_info;  

EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg := '执行 pro_007 失败' || 'OraError = ' || SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
    
  if cur_stu_info%isopen then    
      close cur_stu_info;  
   end if; 
END pro_007;

 用法3


==========================================玩法3
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_008
(
msg out varchar
) IS

 
  cursor cur_stu_info is select id,name from stu_info;   -- 1 定义游标
  v_stu_info cur_stu_info%rowtype;  -- 2 定义一个v_stu_info 变量 类型是 表类型cur_stu_info
  v_stu_name stu_info.name%type;  -- 定义 和表 stu_info 的 name 类型
  v_stu_id stu_info.id%type;      -- 定义 和表 stu_info 的 id 类型
BEGIN
  open cur_stu_info;
  loop

    fetch cur_stu_info into v_stu_id,v_stu_name;   -- 将数据装入
    exit when cur_stu_info%notfound;  -- 没有找到则退出
    dbms_output.put_line(v_stu_id || '|@| ' || v_stu_name);
  end loop;



EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg := '执行 pro_008 失败' || 'OraError = ' || SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);

  if cur_stu_info%isopen then
      close cur_stu_info;
   end if;
END pro_008;

  用法4-重要

==========================================玩法4
15-1:使用标量变量接收游标数据  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS  
        SELECT ename,job,sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=&dno;  
      v_ename emp.ename%TYPE;  
      v_sal emp.sal%TYPE;  
      v_job emp.job%TYPE;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN emp_cursor;  
      LOOP  
        FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_ename,v_job,v_sal;  
        EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||v_ename||',岗位:'||v_job||',工资:'||v_sal);  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE emp_cursor;  
    END;  
    /  
15-2:使用pl/sql纪录变量接收游标数据  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS  
        SELECT ename,sal FROM emp ORDER BY sal DESC;  
      emp_record emp_cursor%ROWTYPE;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN emp_cursor;  
      LOOP  
        FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_record;  
        EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND OR emp_cursor%ROWCOUNT>&n;  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename||  
         ',工资:'||emp_record.sal);  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE emp_cursor;  
    END;  
    /  
15-3:使用pl/sql集合变量接收游标数据  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT ename,sal FROM emp  
        WHERE lower(job)=lower('&job');  
      TYPE emp_table_type IS TABLE OF emp_cursor%ROWTYPE  
        INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;  
      emp_table emp_table_type;  
      i INT;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN emp_cursor;  
      LOOP  
        i:=emp_cursor%ROWCOUNT+1;  
        FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_table(i);  
        EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_table(i).ename||  
          ',工资:'||emp_table(i).sal);  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE emp_cursor;  
    END;  
    /  
15-4:在游标for循环中引用已定义游标  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT ename,hiredate FROM emp   ORDER BY hiredate DESC;  
    BEGIN  
      FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename  ||',工作日期:'||emp_record.hiredate);  
        EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%ROWCOUNT=&n;  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  



15-5:在游标for循环中直接引用子查询  
    BEGIN  
      FOR emp_record IN (SELECT ename,hiredate,rownum FROM emp  ORDER BY hiredate) LOOP  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename  
         ||',工作日期:'||emp_record.hiredate);  
        EXIT WHEN emp_record.rownum=&n;  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  





15-6:参数游标  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor(dno NUMBER) IS  
        SELECT ename,job FROM emp WHERE deptno=dno;  
    BEGIN  
      FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor(&dno) LOOP  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename  
          ||',岗位:'||emp_record.job);  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  




15-7:更新游标行  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS   SELECT ename,sal,deptno FROM emp FOR UPDATE;  
      dno INT:=&no;  
    BEGIN  
      FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP  
        IF emp_record.deptno=dno THEN  
           dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename  
            ||',原工资:'||emp_record.sal);  
           UPDATE emp SET sal=sal*1.1 WHERE CURRENT OF emp_cursor;  
           commit;
        END IF;  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  




15-8:删除游标行  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS   SELECT ename FROM emp FOR UPDATE;  
      name VARCHAR2(10):=lower('&name');  
    BEGIN  
      FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP  
        IF lower(emp_record.ename)=name THEN  
           DELETE FROM emp WHERE CURRENT OF emp_cursor;  
           commit;
        ELSE  
           dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename);  
        END IF;  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  





15-9:使用of子句在特定表上加行共享锁.  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS  
        SELECT a.dname,b.ename FROM dept a JOIN emp b   ON a.deptno=b.deptno  
        FOR UPDATE OF b.deptno;  
      name VARCHAR2(10):=LOWER('&name');  
    BEGIN  
      FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP  
        IF LOWER(emp_record.dname)=name THEN  
          dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename);  
          DELETE FROM emp WHERE CURRENT OF emp_cursor;  
          commit;
        END IF;  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  




15-10:使用无返回类型的游标变量  
    DECLARE  
      TYPE ref_cursor_type IS REF CURSOR;  
      ref_cursor ref_cursor_type;  
      v1 NUMBER(6);  
      v2 VARCHAR2(10);  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN ref_cursor FOR  
        SELECT &col1 col1,&col2 col2 FROM &table WHERE &cond;  
      LOOP  
        FETCH ref_cursor INTO v1,v2;  
        EXIT WHEN ref_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
        dbms_output.put_line('col1='||v1||',col2='||v2);  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE ref_cursor;  
    END;  
    /  




15-11:使用有返回类型的游标变量  
    DECLARE  
      TYPE emp_cursor_type IS REF CURSOR RETURN emp%ROWTYPE;  
      emp_cursor emp_cursor_type;  
      emp_record emp%ROWTYPE;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN emp_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM emp WHERE deptno=&dno;  
      LOOP  
        FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_record;  
        EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_record.ename||   ',工资:'||emp_record.sal);  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE emp_cursor;  
    END;  
    /  





15-12:使用fetch...bulk collect提取所有数据  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS  SELECT * FROM emp WHERE LOWER(job)=LOWER('&job');  
      TYPE emp_table_type IS TABLE OF emp%ROWTYPE;  
      emp_table emp_table_type;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN emp_cursor;  
      FETCH emp_cursor BULK COLLECT INTO emp_table;  
      CLOSE emp_cursor;  
      FOR i IN 1.. emp_table.COUNT LOOP  
        dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||emp_table(i).ename  ||',工资:'||emp_table(i).sal);  
      END LOOP;  
    END;  
    /  





15-13:使用limit子句限制提取行数  (重要)
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT * FROM emp;  
      TYPE emp_array_type IS VARRAY(5) OF emp%ROWTYPE;  
      emp_array emp_array_type;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN emp_cursor;  
      LOOP  
        FETCH emp_cursor BULK COLLECT INTO emp_array LIMIT 10000;  
        FOR i IN 1..emp_array.COUNT LOOP  
          dbms_output.put_line('姓名'||emp_array(i).ename  ||',工资'||emp_array(i).sal);  
        END LOOP;  
        EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE emp_cursor;  
    END;  
    /  

批量游标4--重要

========================类似的还有如下
-------批量新增---------
DECLARE
  CURSOR cur IS
    SELECT a.XH, a.ZYH, a.BJH, a.XM, a.XBM, a.SFZJH, a.CSRQ
      FROM xsxxgl_xsjbxx a
     WHERE not exists (SELECT 1 FROM zs_xsxx2 b WHERE a.xh = b.xsid); --定义游标
  TYPE rec IS TABLE OF cur%ROWTYPE; --定义类型
  recs rec;
BEGIN
  OPEN cur; --打开游标
  WHILE (TRUE) LOOP
    --循环条件
    FETCH cur BULK COLLECT --取游标里的值
      INTO recs LIMIT 100; --提交条件,每100条提交
    FORALL i IN 1 .. recs.COUNT --这个是个计数器,用来确保提交的条数,也是循环
      INSERT INTO zs_xsxx2
        (XSID, BDZY, BJDM, XM, XB, SFZH, CSRQ)
      VALUES
        (recs(i).XH,
         recs(i).ZYH,
         recs(i).BJH,
         recs(i).XM,
         recs(i).XBM,
         recs(i).SFZJH,
         recs(i).CSRQ); --插入目标表
    COMMIT; --提交
    EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND; --游标结束条件
  END LOOP; --停止循环
  CLOSE cur; --关闭游标
END;
 

========================



15-14:使用cursor表达式  
    DECLARE  
      CURSOR dept_cursor(no NUMBER) IS  
         SELECT a.dname,CURSOR(SELECT * FROM emp  
         WHERE deptno=a.deptno)  
         FROM dept a WHERE a.deptno=no;  
      TYPE ref_cursor_type IS REF CURSOR;  
      emp_cursor ref_cursor_type;  
      emp_record emp%ROWTYPE;  
      v_dname dept.dname%TYPE;  
    BEGIN  
      OPEN dept_cursor(&dno);  
      LOOP  
         FETCH dept_cursor INTO v_dname,emp_cursor;  
         EXIT WHEN dept_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
         dbms_output.put_line('部门名:'||v_dname);  
         LOOP  
           FETCH emp_cursor INTO emp_record;  
           EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;  
           dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||emp_record.ename ||',岗位:'||emp_record.job);  
         END LOOP;  
      END LOOP;  
      CLOSE dept_cursor;  
    END;


==========================================玩法5

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_012
(
 msg out varchar
) IS

  cursor cur_stu_info is select * from stu_info;
  TYPE stu_info_type IS TABLE OF stu_info%ROWTYPE;
  stu_info_table stu_info_type;
  insert_string varchar(4000);


BEGIN
/*
1、清空表  
2、将stu_info 中的数据 转移到  stu_info_temp
*/

  insert_string:='insert into stu_info_temp(id,name,sex,timestr) values(:1,:2,:3,:4)';
  
  execute immediate 'truncate table stu_info_temp ';
  open cur_stu_info;
    loop
         FETCH cur_stu_info BULK COLLECT INTO stu_info_table limit 1;
         FOR i IN 1.. stu_info_table.COUNT LOOP
           execute immediate insert_string  using stu_info_table(i).id,stu_info_table(i).name,stu_info_table(i).sex,sysdate;
          -- commit;
         END LOOP;
         commit;
         exit when cur_stu_info%notfound;
    end loop;
  CLOSE cur_stu_info;
  msg:='exec success ';

EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg := '执行 pro_012 失败' || 'OraError = ' || SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);

  if cur_stu_info%isopen then
      close cur_stu_info;
   end if;
END pro_012;

7、默认游标

======================================================默认游标名:'SQL'
declare
  v_count number;
begin
  insert into stu_info (id, name, sex) values (3, '瑶瑶', '女');
  if sql%found then
    dbms_output.put_line('插入成功!');
  end if;

  update stu_info t set t.name = '悠悠' where t.id = 3;
  if sql%found then
    dbms_output.put_line('更新成功!');
  end if;

  delete from stu_info t where t.id = 3;
  if sql%found then
    dbms_output.put_line('删除成功!');
  end if;

  select count(1) into v_count from stu_info t;
  if sql%found then
    dbms_output.put_line('总记录为: ' || v_count);
  end if;

  if sql%isopen then
    dbms_output.put_line('不可能的,永远不可能走这一步');
  else
    dbms_output.put_line('系统已自动关闭游标');
  end if;
end;

9、使用using 传参

====================================== 定义为 :1 通过 using 来传入a的参数值
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_018
(
  a IN varchar,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
)
IS
  step  INTEGER := 0;
  v_sql varchar(4000);

BEGIN
  -- 定义为 :1 通过 using 来传入a的参数值
  v_sql := 'update EMP_0407 set  SAL = 7000 where EMPNO = :1 ';
  execute immediate v_sql using a;  

  commit;

EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_018 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_018;

========================================== pro_020


--- 在 pro_020 调用 pro_019 ,并使用using 来入参

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_020
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
)
IS
  v_sql varchar2(4000);
  v_prcname varchar2(4000);
BEGIN
  v_prcname :='pro_019';
  v_sql := 'begin ' || v_prcname || '(:1,:2,:3,:4); END;';
  dbms_output.put_line('v_sql=====> '|| v_sql);
  execute immediate v_sql using
          in a,
          in b,
          out c,
          out msg;
  commit;

EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_020 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_020;

11、异常

捕获到其他异常 WHEN OTHERS THEN
=========================================  WHEN OTHERS THEN


CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_020
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
)
IS
  v_sql varchar2(4000);
  v_prcname varchar2(4000);
BEGIN
  v_prcname :='pro_019';
  v_sql := 'begin ' || v_prcname || '(:1,:2,:3,:4); END;';
  dbms_output.put_line('v_sql=====> '|| v_sql);
  execute immediate v_sql using
          in a,
          in b,
          out c,
          out msg;
  commit;

EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_020 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_020;


捕获自定义异常
=========================================  WHEN OTHERS THEN
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE pro_021
(
  a IN NUMBER,     --定义输入
  b IN date,       --定义时间输入
  c out number,    --定义输出
  msg out varchar
)
IS
  v_sql varchar2(4000);
  v_prcname varchar2(4000);
  USER_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION EXCEPTION;  -- 定义一个异常类型
BEGIN
  v_prcname :='pro_019';
  v_sql := 'begin ' || v_prcname || '(:1,:2,:3,:4); END;';
  dbms_output.put_line('v_sql=====> '|| v_sql);
  RAISE USER_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION;     -- 自己抛出异常
  commit;

EXCEPTION
  WHEN USER_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION THEN     --捕获异常
     ROLLBACK;
    msg:='自定义异常  USER_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION ';
    
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    ROLLBACK;
    msg:='执行 pro_021 失败'|| 'OraError = '|| SQLCODE || SQLERRM(SQLCODE);
END pro_021;

;