转换步骤
- 初始化FFmpeg库
- 打开输入文件
- 找到输入文件的流信息
- 打开输出文件并设置输出格式
- 创建输出文件的流
- 初始化解码器和编码器
- 读取输入文件的帧并写入输出文件
- 释放资源
关键代码
1 初始化FFmpeg库:
av_register_all();
-
打开输入文件:
if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&input_format_ctx, input_filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s'\n", input_filename); return ret; }
-
找到输入文件的流信息:
if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(input_format_ctx, NULL)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to retrieve input stream information\n"); return ret; }
-
打开输出文件并设置输出格式:
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&output_format_ctx, NULL, "flv", output_filename); if (!output_format_ctx) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not create output context\n"); return AVERROR_UNKNOWN; }
-
创建输出文件的流:
for (int i = 0; i < input_format_ctx->nb_streams; i++) { AVStream *in_stream = input_format_ctx->streams[i]; AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(output_format_ctx, NULL); if (!out_stream) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate output stream\n"); return AVERROR_UNKNOWN; } // 复制输入流的编解码器参数到输出流 if ((ret = avcodec_parameters_copy(out_stream->codecpar, in_stream->codecpar)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy codec parameters\n"); return ret; } out_stream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0; }
-
打开输出文件:
if (!(output_format_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) { if ((ret = avio_open(&output_format_ctx->pb, output_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file '%s'\n", output_filename); return ret; } }
-
写文件头:
if ((ret = avformat_write_header(output_format_ctx, NULL)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file\n"); return ret; }
-
读取输入文件的帧并写入输出文件:
while (1) {
AVStream *in_stream, *out_stream;
ret = av_read_frame(input_format_ctx, &packet);
if (ret < 0)
break;
in_stream = input_format_ctx->streams[packet.stream_index];
out_stream = output_format_ctx->streams[packet.stream_index];
log_packet(input_format_ctx, &packet, "in");
packet.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX);
packet.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX);
packet.duration = av_rescale_q(packet.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
packet.pos = -1;
log_packet(output_format_ctx, &packet, "out");
ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(output_format_ctx, &packet);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error muxing packet\n");
break;
}
av_packet_unref(&packet);
}
-
写文件尾:
av_write_trailer(output_format_ctx);
-
释放资源:
avformat_close_input(&input_format_ctx); if (output_format_ctx && !(output_format_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) avio_closep(&output_format_ctx->pb); avformat_free_context(output_format_ctx);
通过以上步骤和代码,可以将MP4文件转换为FLV格式。
完整代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil/imgutils.h>
#include <libavutil/timestamp.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
void log_packet(const AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVPacket *pkt, const char *tag)
{
AVRational *time_base = &fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->time_base;
printf("%s: pts:%s pts_time:%s dts:%s dts_time:%s duration:%s duration_time:%s stream_index:%d\n",
tag,
av_ts2str(pkt->pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, time_base),
av_ts2str(pkt->dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, time_base),
av_ts2str(pkt->duration), av_ts2timestr(pkt->duration, time_base),
pkt->stream_index);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 3) {
printf("Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
const char *input_filename = argv[1];
const char *output_filename = argv[2];
AVFormatContext *input_format_ctx = NULL, *output_format_ctx = NULL;
AVPacket packet;
int ret;
av_register_all();
// 打开输入文件
if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&input_format_ctx, input_filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s'\n", input_filename);
return ret;
}
// 找到输入文件的流信息
if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(input_format_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to retrieve input stream information\n");
return ret;
}
// 打开输出文件并设置输出格式
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&output_format_ctx, NULL, "flv", output_filename);
if (!output_format_ctx) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not create output context\n");
return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
}
// 创建输出文件的流
for (int i = 0; i < input_format_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
AVStream *in_stream = input_format_ctx->streams[i];
AVStream *out_stream = avformat_new_stream(output_format_ctx, NULL);
if (!out_stream) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate output stream\n");
return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
}
// 复制输入流的编解码器参数到输出流
if ((ret = avcodec_parameters_copy(out_stream->codecpar, in_stream->codecpar)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to copy codec parameters\n");
return ret;
}
out_stream->codecpar->codec_tag = 0;
}
// 打开输出文件
if (!(output_format_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
if ((ret = avio_open(&output_format_ctx->pb, output_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file '%s'\n", output_filename);
return ret;
}
}
// 写文件头
if ((ret = avformat_write_header(output_format_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file\n");
return ret;
}
// 读取输入文件的帧并写入输出文件
while (1) {
AVStream *in_stream, *out_stream;
// 获取一个packet
ret = av_read_frame(input_format_ctx, &packet);
if (ret < 0)
break;
in_stream = input_format_ctx->streams[packet.stream_index];
out_stream = output_format_ctx->streams[packet.stream_index];
// 记录packet的时间戳
log_packet(input_format_ctx, &packet, "in");
// 转换PTS/DTS
packet.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX);
packet.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF|AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX);
packet.duration = av_rescale_q(packet.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
packet.pos = -1;
// 记录packet的时间戳
log_packet(output_format_ctx, &packet, "out");
// 写packet到输出文件
ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(output_format_ctx, &packet);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error muxing packet\n");
break;
}
av_packet_unref(&packet);
}
// 写文件尾
av_write_trailer(output_format_ctx);
// 释放资源
avformat_close_input(&input_format_ctx);
if (output_format_ctx && !(output_format_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
avio_closep(&output_format_ctx->pb);
avformat_free_context(output_format_ctx);
return 0;
}