99. 岛屿数量(深度搜索版)
1、方法一
# 代表四个方向:上、右、下、左
direction = [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]]
def dfs(grid, visited, x, y):
'''
对一块陆地进行深度优先遍历并标记
:param grid:矩阵
:param visited:访问过程
:param x:x方向
:param y:y方向
:return:
'''
for i, j in direction:
next_x = x + i
next_y = y + j
# 下标越界,跳过
if next_x < 0 or next_x >= len(grid) or next_y < 0 or next_y >= len(grid[0]):
continue
if not visited[next_x][next_y] and grid[next_x][next_y] == 1:
visited[next_x][next_y] = True
dfs(grid, visited, next_x, next_y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 版本一
n, m = map(int, input().split())
# 邻接矩阵
grid = []
for i in range(n):
grid.append(list(map(int, input().split())))
print(grid[0])
# 访问表
visited = [[False]*m for _ in range(n)]
res = 0
for i in range(n):
for j in range(m):
# 判断:如果当前节点是陆地,res+1并标记访问该结点,使用深度搜索标记相邻陆地。
if grid[i][j] == 1 and not visited[i][j]:
# 遇到没访问过的陆地,+1
res += 1
visited[i][j] = True
dfs(grid, visited, i, j)
print(res)
2、方法二
# 代表四个方向:上、右、下、左
direction = [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]]
def dfs(grid, visited, x, y):
'''
对一块陆地进行深度优先遍历并标记
:param grid:矩阵
:param visited:访问过程
:param x:x方向
:param y:y方向
:return:
'''
# 与版本一的差别,在调用前增加判断终止条件(访问过的节点或者遇到海水)
if visited[x][y] or grid[x][y] == 0:
return
# 标记访问过
visited[x][y] = True
for i, j in direction:
next_x = x + i
next_y = y + j
# 下标越界,跳过
if next_x < 0 or next_x >= len(grid) or next_y < 0 or next_y >= len(grid[0]):
continue
dfs(grid, visited, next_x, next_y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 版本二
n, m = map(int, input().split())
# 邻接矩阵
grid = []
for i in range(n):
grid.append(list(map(int, input().split())))
print(grid[0])
# 访问表
visited = [[False]*m for _ in range(n)]
res = 0
for i in range(n):
for j in range(m):
# 判断:如果当前节点是陆地,res+1并标记访问该结点,使用深度搜索标记相邻陆地。
if grid[i][j] == 1 and not visited[i][j]:
# 遇到没访问过的陆地,+1
res += 1
dfs(grid, visited, i, j)
print(res)
99. 岛屿数量(广度搜索版)
用广搜做这道题目的时候存在超时,可能忽略其中一个重要细节,根本原因在于只要 加入队列就代表 走过,就需要标记,而不是从队列拿出来的时候再去标记走过;
如下图所示:
from collections import deque
# 代表四个方向:上、右、下、左
directions = [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]]
def bfs(grid, visited, x, y):
'''
对一块陆地进行深度优先遍历并标记
:param grid:矩阵
:param visited:访问过程
:param x:x方向
:param y:y方向
:return:
'''
que = deque([])
que.append([x, y])
while que:
cur_x, cur_y = que.popleft()
for i, j in directions:
next_x = cur_x + i
next_y = cur_y + j
# 下标越界,跳过
if next_x < 0 or next_x >= len(grid) or next_y < 0 or next_y >= len(grid[0]):
continue
if not visited[next_x][next_y] and grid[next_x][next_y] == 1:
visited[next_x][next_y] = True
que.append([next_x, next_y])
def main():
n, m = map(int, input().split())
# 邻接矩阵
grid = []
for i in range(n):
grid.append(list(map(int, input().split())))
# 访问表
visited = [[False] * m for _ in range(n)]
res = 0
for i in range(n):
for j in range(m):
# 判断:如果当前节点是陆地,res+1并标记访问该结点,使用深度搜索标记相邻陆地。
if grid[i][j] == 1 and not visited[i][j]:
# 遇到没访问过的陆地,+1
res += 1
bfs(grid, visited, i, j)
print(res)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
100. 岛屿的最大面积
本题是 dfs,bfs基础类题目,就是搜索每个岛屿上“1”的数量,然后取一个最大的。
1、dfs方法
# 代表四个方向:上、右、下、左
directions = [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]]
count = 0
def dfs(grid, visited, x, y):
"""
深度优先搜索,对一整块陆地进行标记
"""
global count # 定义全局变量,便于传递count值
for i, j in directions:
cur_x = x + i
cur_y = y + j
# 下标越界,跳过
if cur_x < 0 or cur_x >= len(grid) or cur_y < 0 or cur_y >= len(grid[0]):
continue
if not visited[cur_x][cur_y] and grid[cur_x][cur_y] == 1:
visited[cur_x][cur_y] = True
count += 1
dfs(grid, visited, cur_x, cur_y)
def main():
global count
n, m = map(int, input().split())
# 邻接矩阵
grid = []
for i in range(n):
grid.append(list(map(int, input().split())))
# 访问表
visited = [[False] * m for _ in range(n)]
result = 0 # 记录最终结果
for i in range(n):
for j in range(m):
if grid[i][j] == 1 and not visited[i][j]:
count = 1
visited[i][j] = True
dfs(grid, visited, i, j)
result = max(count, result)
print(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()