方法一

一、获取物体的边界且在范围内任取一点

1、Create Empty，名字自取。如：testArea

2、给testArea添加Collider

3、编辑Collider大小

4、给testArea添加boundary.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class boundary : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform testArea;
    public float Xbound;
    public float Ybound;
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        if (testArea == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError("还没为testArea赋值");
            return;
        }
        BoxCollider2D testAreaCollider2D = testArea.GetComponent<BoxCollider2D>();//获取testArea的碰撞体
        if (testAreaCollider2D == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError("碰撞体不存在！");
            return;
        }
        if (testAreaCollider2D != null)
        {
            Vector3 testAreaSize = testAreaCollider2D.size;//碰撞体的大小
            //Debug.Log(testAreaSize);

            Xbound = testAreaCollider2D.size.x / 2;
            Ybound = testAreaCollider2D.size.y / 2;

            Vector3 newAxis = new Vector3(Random.Range(-Xbound, Xbound), Random.Range(-Ybound, Ybound), 0); // 调取范围内的任意一点

            Debug.Log(newAxis);
        }
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

    }
    
}

5、回到Unity赋值

二、获取物体的世界坐标

            Vector3 testAreaSize = testAreaCollider2D.size;//碰撞体的大小
            //Debug.Log(testAreaSize);
            Vector3 testAreaOffset = testAreaCollider2D.offset;//碰撞体轴心点在其父物体坐标系统的偏移量
            //Debug.Log(testAreaOffset);
            Vector3 testAreaMin = testArea.position - testAreaSize / 2; //碰撞体左下角的世界坐标
            Vector3 testAreaMax = testArea.position + testAreaSize / 2; //右上角

方法二

一、准备工作

1、Create Empty，名字自取。如：createArea

2、重置这个物体的位置

3、添加Collider，并设置offset = 0，合适的 size

4、为createArea添加CreateArea.cs

5、回到Unity，赋值

6、测试

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class CreateArea : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Collider2D createArea;
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        if (createArea == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError("找不到碰撞体！");
        }
        else 
        {
            Debug.Log(createArea.bounds.min.x);
            Debug.Log(createArea.bounds.max.x);
            Debug.Log(createArea.bounds.min.y);
            Debug.Log(createArea.bounds.max.y);
        }
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        
    }
}

二、获取物体的边界且在范围内任取一点

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class CreateArea : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Collider2D createArea;
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        Vector3 newAxis = new Vector3(
            Random.Range(createArea.bounds.min.x, createArea.bounds.max.x),
            Random.Range(createArea.bounds.min.y, createArea.bounds.max.y),
            0
            );
        Debug.Log(newAxis);
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        
    }
}