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05day--C++日期类的实现与取地址运算符的重载

5.3 ⽇期类实现

Date.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<assert.h>
class Date
{
// 友元函数声明
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);
public:
Date(int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1);
void Print() const;
// 直接定义类⾥⾯,他默认是inline
// 频繁调⽤
int GetMonthDay(int year, int month)
{
assert(month > 0 && month < 13);
static int monthDayArray[13] = { -1, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30,
31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
// 365天 5h +
if (month == 2 && (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year
% 400 == 0))
{
return 29;
}
else
{
return monthDayArray[month];
}
}
bool CheckDate();
bool operator<(const Date& d) const;
bool operator<=(const Date& d) const;
bool operator>(const Date& d) const;
bool operator>=(const Date& d) const;
bool operator==(const Date& d) const;
bool operator!=(const Date& d) const;
// d1 += 天数
Date& operator+=(int day);
Date operator+(int day) const;
// d1 -= 天数
Date& operator-=(int day);
Date operator-(int day) const;
// d1 - d2
int operator-(const Date& d) const;
// ++d1 -> d1.operator++()
Date& operator++();
// d1++ -> d1.operator++(0)
// 为了区分,构成重载,给后置++,强⾏增加了⼀个int形参
// 这⾥不需要写形参名,因为接收值是多少不重要,也不需要⽤
// 这个参数仅仅是为了跟前置++构成重载区分
Date operator++(int);
Date& operator--();
Date operator--(int);
// 流插⼊
// 不建议,因为Date* this占据了⼀个参数位置,使⽤d<<cout不符合习惯
//void operator<<(ostream& out);
private:
int _year;
int _month;
int _day;
};
// 重载
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);

Date.cpp

#include"Date.h"
bool Date::CheckDate()
{
if (_month < 1 || _month > 12
|| _day < 1 || _day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day)
{
_year = year;
_month = month;
_day = day;
if (!CheckDate())
{
cout << "⽇期⾮法" << endl;
}
}
void Date::Print() const
{
cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
}
// d1 < d2
bool Date::operator<(const Date& d) const
{
if (_year < d._year)
{
return true;
}
else if (_year == d._year)
{
if (_month < d._month)
{
return true;
}
else if (_month == d._month)
{
return _day < d._day;
}
}
return false;
}
// d1 <= d2
bool Date::operator<=(const Date& d) const
{
return *this < d || *this == d;
}
bool Date::operator>(const Date& d) const
{
return !(*this <= d);
}
bool Date::operator>=(const Date& d) const
{
return !(*this < d);
}
bool Date::operator==(const Date& d) const
{
return _year == d._year
&& _month == d._month
&& _day == d._day;
}
bool Date::operator!=(const Date& d) const
{
return !(*this == d);
}
// d1 += 50
// d1 += -50
Date& Date::operator+=(int day)
{
if (day < 0)
{
return *this -= -day;
}
_day += day;
while (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
{
_day -= GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
++_month;
if (_month == 13)
{
++_year;
_month = 1;
}
}
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator+(int day) const
{
Date tmp = *this;
tmp += day;
return tmp;
}
// d1 -= 100
Date& Date::operator-=(int day)
{
if (day < 0)
{
return *this += -day;
}
_day -= day;
while (_day <= 0)
{
--_month;
if (_month == 0)
{
_month = 12;
_year--;
}
// 借上⼀个⽉的天数
_day += GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
}
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator-(int day) const
{
Date tmp = *this;
tmp -= day;
return tmp;
}
//++d1
Date& Date::operator++()
{
*this += 1;
return *this;
}
// d1++
Date Date::operator++(int)
{
Date tmp(*this);
*this += 1;
return tmp;
}
Date& Date::operator--()
{
*this -= 1;
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator--(int)
{
Date tmp = *this;
*this -= 1;
return tmp;
}
// d1 - d2
int Date::operator-(const Date& d) const
{
Date max = *this;
Date min = d;
int flag = 1;
if (*this < d)
{
max = d;
min = *this;
flag = -1;
}
int n = 0;
while (min != max)
{
++min;
++n;
}
return n * flag;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)
{
out << d._year << "年" << d._month << "⽉" << d._day << "⽇" << endl;
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d)
{
cout << "请依次输⼊年⽉⽇:>";
in >> d._year >> d._month >> d._day;
if (!d.CheckDate())
{
cout << "⽇期⾮法" << endl;
}
return in;
}

Test.cpp

#include"Date.h"
void TestDate1()
{
// 这⾥需要测试⼀下⼤的数据+和-
Date d1(2024, 4, 14);
Date d2 = d1 + 30000;
d1.Print();
d2.Print();
Date d3(2024, 4, 14);
Date d4 = d3 - 5000;
d3.Print();
d4.Print();
Date d5(2024, 4, 14);
d5 += -5000;
d5.Print();
}
void TestDate2()
{
Date d1(2024, 4, 14);
Date d2 = ++d1;
d1.Print();
d2.Print();
Date d3 = d1++;
d1.Print();
d3.Print();
/*d1.operator++(1);
d1.operator++(100);
d1.operator++(0);
d1.Print();*/
}
void TestDate3()
{
Date d1(2024, 4, 14);
Date d2(2034, 4, 14);
int n = d1 - d2;
cout << n << endl;
n = d2 - d1;
}
void TestDate4()
{
Date d1(2024, 4, 14);
Date d2 = d1 + 30000;
// operator<<(cout, d1)
cout << d1;
cout << d2;
cin >> d1 >> d2;
cout << d1 << d2;
}
void TestDate5()
{
const Date d1(2024, 4, 14);
d1.Print();
//d1 += 100;
d1 + 100;
Date d2(2024, 4, 25);
d2.Print();
d2 += 100;
d1 < d2;
d2 < d1;
}
int main()
{
return 0;
}

6. 取地址运算符重载

6.1 const成员函数

• 将const修饰的成员函数称之为const成员函数,const修饰成员函数放到成员函数参数列表的后⾯。
• const实际修饰该成员函数隐含的this指针,表明在该成员函数中不能对类的任何成员进⾏修改。const 修饰Date类的Print成员函数,Print隐含的this指针由 Date* const this 变为 const Date* const this

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
``public:
Date(int year = 1, int month = 1, int day = 1)
{
_year = year;
_month = month;
_day = day;
}
// void Print(const Date* const this) const
void Print() const
{
cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
}
private:
int _year;
int _month;
int _day;
};
int main()
{
// 这⾥⾮const对象也可以调⽤const成员函数是⼀种权限的缩⼩
Date d1(2024, 7, 5);
d1.Print();
const Date d2(2024, 8, 5);
d2.Print();
return 0;
}

6.2 取地址运算符重载

取地址运算符重载分为普通取地址运算符重载和const取地址运算符重载,⼀般这两个函数编译器⾃动
⽣成的就可以够我们⽤了,不需要去显⽰实现。除⾮⼀些很特殊的场景,⽐如我们不想让别⼈取到当
前类对象的地址,就可以⾃⼰实现⼀份,胡乱返回⼀个地址。

class Date
{
public :
Date* operator&()
{
return this;
// return nullptr;
}

const Date* operator&()const
{
return this;
// return nullptr;
}
private :
int _year ; // 年
int _month ; // ⽉
int _day ; // ⽇
};
;