Energy Conversion and Management has an open access companion: Energy Conversion and Management: X. Both journals share the same aims and scope, editorial team, and rigorous peer review. The difference between the journals is the access model under which the journals will publish your work and the indexation status.
能源转换与管理有一个开放获取的配套期刊：能源转换与管理：X。这两本期刊具有相同的宗旨和范围、编辑团队以及严格的同行评审。两本期刊的区别在于它们将采用哪种访问模式来发布您的工作以及索引状态。

The journal Energy Conversion and Management provides a forum for publishing original contributions and comprehensive technical review articles of interdisciplinary and original research on all important energy topics.
《能源转换与管理》期刊提供了一个发表原创贡献和全面技术综述文章的平台，涵盖所有重要能源主题的跨学科和原创研究。

The topics considered include energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management and sustainability. These topics typically involve various types of energy such as mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic and electric. These energy types cover all known energy resources, including renewable resources (e.g., solar, bio, hydro, wind, geothermal and ocean energy), fossil fuels and nuclear resources.
考虑的主题包括能源生成、利用、转换、储存、传输、节约、管理和可持续性。这些主题通常涉及各种类型的能源，如机械能、热能、核能、化学能、电磁能、磁能和电能。这些能源类型涵盖了所有已知的能源资源，包括可再生能源（例如，太阳能、生物质能、水能、风能、地热能和海洋能）、化石燃料和核资源。

Papers are welcome that investigate or consider the prospects of energy technologies, devices, systems, materials, processes, operation, performance, maintenance and control.
欢迎提交研究或考虑能源技术、设备、系统、材料、工艺、操作、性能、维护和控制前景的论文。

Priority may be given to interdisciplinary energy subjects that deal with advanced technologies and that consider more than one of these methodologies: modeling, experimental, analysis and optimization, with appropriate verifications of the findings.
优先考虑涉及先进技术且考虑多种这些方法的跨学科能源主题：建模、实验、分析和优化，并对研究结果进行适当的验证。

This journal welcomes contributions that support and advance the UN's sustainable development goals, in particular SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy).
本期刊欢迎支持并推进联合国可持续发展目标（特别是 SDG 7：负担得起的清洁能源）的贡献。

Original research papers and Review articles.
原始研究论文和综述文章。

This journal follows a single anonymized review process. Your submission will initially be assessed by our editors to determine suitability for publication in this journal. If your submission is deemed suitable, it will typically be sent to a minimum of two reviewers for an independent expert assessment of the scientific quality. The decision as to whether your article is accepted or rejected will be taken by our editors.
本期刊采用单盲审稿流程。您的投稿将首先由我们的编辑评估，以确定其是否适合在本期刊发表。如果您的投稿被认为适合发表，它通常会被发送给至少两位审稿人进行独立的专业质量评估。关于您的文章是否被接受或拒绝的决定将由我们的编辑做出。

Read more about peer review.
了解更多关于同行评审的信息。

Our editors are not involved in making decisions about papers which:
我们的编辑不参与关于以下论文的决策：

• they have written themselves.
  他们自己写的。

• have been written by family members or colleagues.
  由家庭成员或同事撰写。

• relate to products or services in which they have an interest.
  与他们对产品或服务感兴趣的相关内容。

Any such submissions will be subject to the journal's usual procedures and peer review will be handled independently of the editor involved and their research group. Read more about editor duties.
任何此类投稿都将遵循期刊的常规程序，同行评审将由编辑及其研究团队独立处理。了解更多关于编辑职责的信息。

Authors may submit a formal appeal request to the editorial decision, provided the it meets the requirements and follows the procedure outlined in Elsevier’s Appeal Policy. Only one appeal per submission will be considered and the appeal decision will be final.
作者可以在满足要求并遵循 Elsevier 申诉政策中概述的程序的情况下，向编辑决策提出正式申诉请求。每篇投稿仅考虑一次申诉，申诉决定为最终决定。

Special issues and article collections
特别问题与文章集

The peer review process for special issues and article collections follows the same process as outlined above for regular submissions, except, a guest editor may send the submissions out to the reviewers and may recommend a decision to the journal editor. The journal editor oversees the peer review process of all special issues and article collections to ensure the high standards of publishing ethics and responsiveness are respected and is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles.
同行评审过程与上述常规投稿的流程相同，但特邀编辑可能会将投稿发送给审稿人，并可能向期刊编辑推荐决定。期刊编辑监督所有特刊和文章集的同行评审过程，以确保尊重出版伦理和响应性高标准，并对文章的接受或拒绝做出最终决定。

We refer you to our open access information page to learn about open access options for this journal.
我们请您参阅我们的开放获取信息页面，了解本期刊的开放获取选项。

Authors must follow ethical guidelines stated in Elsevier's Publishing Ethics Policy.
作者必须遵循 Elsevier 出版道德规范中规定的道德准则。

When authors submit an article to an Elsevier journal it is implied that:
当作者向 Elsevier 期刊投稿文章时，意味着：

• the work described has not been published previously except in the form of a preprint, an abstract, a published lecture, academic thesis or registered report. See our policy on multiple, redundant or concurrent publication.
  所描述的工作之前未以预印本、摘要、已发表讲座、学术论文或注册报告的形式发表。请参阅我们关于多重、冗余或同时发表的政策。

• the article is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
  该文章未在其他地方考虑出版。

• the article's publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out.
  文章的发表已获得所有作者同意，并在工作完成地的负责当局默许或明确同意下进行。

• if accepted, the article will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
  如果被接受，文章将不会以相同的形式在其他地方发表，包括英文或其他任何语言，以及电子形式，除非得到版权所有者的书面同意。

To verify compliance with our journal publishing policies, we may check your manuscript with our screening tools.
为验证您是否符合我们的期刊出版政策，我们可能会使用我们的筛选工具检查您的稿件。

All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following:
所有作者都应对以下所有方面做出实质性贡献：

1. The conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data.
   研究构思和设计，或数据获取，或数据分析与解释。

2. Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
   草拟或批判性地修订文章，以确保重要的知识产权内容。

3. Final approval of the version to be submitted.
   最终提交版本的审批。

Authors should appoint a corresponding author to communicate with the journal during the editorial process. All authors should agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that the questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
作者应在编辑过程中指定一位通讯作者与期刊进行沟通。所有作者应同意对工作的所有方面负责，以确保与工作任何部分的准确性或完整性相关的问题得到适当的调查和解决。

The editors of this journal generally will not consider changes to authorship once a manuscript has been submitted. It is important that authors carefully consider the authorship list and order of authors and provide a definitive author list at original submission.
期刊编辑通常不会考虑在稿件提交后对作者身份的更改。作者在原始投稿时仔细考虑作者名单和作者顺序，并提供明确的作者名单非常重要。

The policy of this journal around authorship changes:
本刊关于作者身份变更的政策：

• All authors must be listed in the manuscript and their details entered into the submission system.
  所有作者必须在稿件中列出，并将他们的详细信息输入到提交系统中。

• Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should only be made prior to acceptance, and only if approved by the journal editor.
  任何对作者名单中作者姓名的添加、删除或重新排列，只能在稿件被接受之前进行，并且必须得到期刊编辑的批准。

• Requests to change authorship should be made by the corresponding author, who must provide the reason for the request to the journal editor with written confirmation from all authors, including any authors being added or removed, that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement.
  作者更名请求应由通讯作者提出，该作者必须向期刊编辑提供书面确认，说明请求的原因，并包括任何被添加或删除的作者，确认他们同意添加、删除或重新排列。

• All requests to change authorship must be submitted using this form. Requests which do not comply with the instructions outlined in the form will not be considered.
  所有更改作者身份的请求必须使用此表格提交。不符合表格中说明的指示的请求将不予考虑。

• Only in exceptional circumstances will the journal editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors post acceptance.
  仅在特殊情况下，期刊编辑才会考虑在文章接受后添加、删除或重新排列作者。

• Publication of the manuscript may be paused while a change in authorship request is being considered.
  稿件在考虑作者变更请求期间可能会暂停发表。

• Any authorship change requests approved by the journal editor will result in a corrigendum if the manuscript has already been published.
  任何经期刊编辑批准的作者变更请求，如果稿件已经发表，将导致发表更正。

• Any unauthorised authorship changes may result in the rejection of the article, or retraction, if the article has already been published.
  任何未经授权的作者身份变更可能导致文章被拒绝，或者如果文章已经发表，则可能被撤回。

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias their work. Examples of potential competing interests include:
所有作者必须披露与任何可能不恰当地影响或偏袒其工作的个人或其他组织之间的财务和个人关系。潜在的利益冲突示例包括：

• Employment  就业

• Consultancies  咨询

• Stock ownership  股票所有权

• Honoraria  稿酬

• Paid expert testimony  付费专家证词

• Patent applications or registrations
  专利申请或注册

• Grants or any other funding
  资助或任何其他资金

The Declaration of Interests tool should always be completed.
利益声明工具应始终完成。

Authors with no competing interests to declare should select the option, "I have nothing to declare".
作者如无利益冲突声明，应选择“我无利益冲突声明”。

The resulting Word document containing your declaration should be uploaded at the "attach/upload files" step in the submission process. It is important that the Word document is saved in the .doc/.docx file format. Author signatures are not required.
结果包含您声明的 Word 文档应在提交过程中的“附件/上传文件”步骤上传。重要的是 Word 文档应保存为.doc/.docx 文件格式。无需作者签名。

We advise you to read our policy on conflict of interest statements, funding source declarations, author agreements/declarations and permission notes.
我们建议您阅读我们关于利益冲突声明、资金来源声明、作者协议/声明和许可说明的政策。

Authors must disclose any funding sources who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article. The role of sponsors, if any, should be declared in relation to the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report and decision to submit the article for publication. If funding sources had no such involvement this should be stated in your submission.
作者必须披露为研究进行和/或文章准备提供财务支持的任何资金来源。如果有的话，赞助者的角色应与研究设计、数据收集、分析和解释、报告撰写以及决定提交文章发表有关。如果资金来源没有此类参与，应在您的投稿中说明。

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
列出资金来源，按照此标准方式列出，以方便符合资助者的要求：

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
资助：本研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院[资助编号 xxxx, yyyy]；华盛顿州西雅图的比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会[资助编号 zzzz]；以及美国和平研究所[资助编号 aaaa]的支持。

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants, scholarships and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
无需包含关于项目或资助、奖学金和奖项的详细描述。当资金来自块状资助或其他大学、学院或其他研究机构可用的资源时，提交提供资金的机构或组织名称。

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果研究未获得资助，建议包含以下句子：

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
这项研究未从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何特定资助。

Authors must declare the use of generative AI in scientific writing upon submission of the paper. The following guidance refers only to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process:
作者必须在提交论文时声明在科学写作中使用生成式人工智能。以下指南仅适用于写作过程，并不涉及在研究过程中使用 AI 工具分析数据并从中获取见解：

• Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies should only be used in the writing process to improve the readability and language of the manuscript.
  生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术仅应在写作过程中使用，以提高手稿的可读性和语言质量。

• The technology must be applied with human oversight and control and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. Authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
  技术必须在人监督和控制下应用，作者应仔细审查和编辑结果，因为人工智能可以生成听起来权威的输出，但可能是不正确、不完整或带有偏见的。作者最终对作品的内容负责。

• Authors must not list or cite AI and AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author on the manuscript since authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans.
  作者不得在稿件中将人工智能（AI）和人工智能辅助技术列为作者或合著者，因为作者身份意味着只有人类才能承担和执行的责任和任务。

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing must be declared by adding a statement at the end of the manuscript when the paper is first submitted. The statement will appear in the published work and should be placed in a new section before the references list. An example:
生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术在科学写作中的应用必须在首次提交论文时，通过在稿件末尾添加声明来声明。该声明将出现在已发表的作品中，并应放置在参考文献列表之前的新部分中。例如：

• Title of new section: Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
  标题：新章节标题：写作过程中生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术的声明

• Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
  声明：在准备本作品过程中，作者（们）使用了[名称 工具/服务]以[原因]。使用此工具/服务后，作者（们）根据需要审查和编辑了内容，并对已发表文章的内容承担全部责任。

The declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools, such as tools used to check grammar, spelling and references. If you have nothing to disclose, you do not need to add a statement.
声明不适用于基本工具的使用，例如用于检查语法、拼写和参考文献的工具。如果您没有需要披露的内容，则无需添加声明。

Please read Elsevier’s author policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies, which can be found in our GenAI Policies for journals.
请阅读 Elsevier 关于使用生成式 AI 和 AI 辅助技术的作者政策，该政策可在我们的期刊 GenAI 政策中找到。

Please note: to protect authors’ rights and the confidentiality of their research, this journal does not currently allow the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies such as ChatGPT or similar services by reviewers or editors in the peer review and manuscript evaluation process, as is stated in our GenAI Policies for journals. We are actively evaluating compliant AI tools and may revise this policy in the future.
请注意：为保护作者的权利和其研究的机密性，本期刊目前不允许审稿人或编辑在同行评审和稿件评估过程中使用生成式 AI 或类似 ChatGPT 的 AI 辅助技术，如我们在期刊的 GenAI 政策中所声明。我们正在积极评估符合规定的 AI 工具，并可能在将来修订此政策。

Preprint sharing  预印本分享

Free preprint posting on SSRN
免费在 SSRN 上发布预印本

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Authors should ensure their work uses inclusive language throughout and contains nothing which might imply one individual is superior to another on the grounds of:
包容性语言承认多样性，向所有人传达尊重，对差异敏感，并促进平等机会。作者应确保其作品全文使用包容性语言，且不包含任何可能暗示一个人在以下方面优于另一个人的内容：

• age  年龄

• gender  性别

• race  种族

• ethnicity  种族

• culture  文化

• sexual orientation  性取向

• disability or health condition
  残疾或健康状况

We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors about personal attributes unless they are relevant and valid. Write for gender neutrality with the use of plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default. Wherever possible, avoid using "he, she," or "he/she."
我们建议除非相关且有效，否则避免使用关于个人属性的描述符。默认使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）以实现性别中立。 wherever possible, avoid using "he, she," or "he/she."

No assumptions should be made about the beliefs of readers and writing should be free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions.
不应假设读者信仰，写作应避免偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化及/或文化假设的提及。

These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help you identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
这些指南旨在作为参考点，帮助您确定合适的语言，但绝非详尽或具有权威性。

There is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender. We offer the following guidance:
没有一套被普遍认可的、用于定义性别和性别的指导方针。我们提供以下指导：

• Sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) should be integrated into research design when research involves or pertains to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells. This should be done in accordance with any requirements set by funders or sponsors and best practices within a field.
  性别和性别分析（SGBA）应在涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞相关的研究设计中整合。这应遵循资助者或赞助商设定的任何要求以及该领域的最佳实践。

• Sex and/or gender dimensions of the research should be addressed within the article or declared as a limitation to the generalizability of the research.
  研究应在其文章中讨论性别和/或性维度，或声明为研究普遍性的局限性。

• Definitions of sex and/or gender applied should be explicitly stated to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of the research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer.
  应明确声明所应用的性别和/或性别的定义，以提高研究的精确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指概念的模糊或混淆。

We advise you to read the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER checklist (PDF) on the EASE website, which offer systematic approaches to the use of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation.
我们建议您阅读 EASE 网站上的《研究中的性别与性别平等指南》（SAGER）和 SAGER 清单（PDF），这些指南提供了在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用性别信息的系统方法。

For further information we suggest reading the rationale behind and recommended use of the SAGER guidelines.
关于更多信息，我们建议阅读 SAGER 指南背后的理由和推荐使用方法。

Definitions of sex and/or gender
性别的定义

We ask authors to define how sex and gender have been used in their research and publication. Some guidance:
我们要求作者定义他们在研究和出版物中如何使用性别和性别。一些指导：

• Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features such as chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy. A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth") and is in most cases based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. In reality, sex categorizations include people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD).
  性别通常指与染色体基因型、激素水平、内部和外部解剖结构等生理和生理特征相关的一系列生物属性。二元的性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时确定（“出生时分配的性别”）并且在大多数情况下仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。实际上，性别分类包括间性/性别发育差异（DSD）的人。

• Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society.
  性别通常指在历史和文化背景下，由社会构建的女性、男性以及跨性别人群的角色、行为和身份，这些可能在不同社会和不同时间有所变化。性别影响人们如何看待自己和他人，他们的行为和互动方式，以及社会中的权力分配。

Elsevier respects the decisions taken by its authors as to how they choose to designate territories and identify their affiliations in their published content. Elsevier’s policy is to take a neutral position with respect to territorial disputes or jurisdictional claims, including, but not limited to, maps and institutional affiliations. For journals that Elsevier publishes on behalf of a third party owner, the owner may set its own policy on these issues.
爱思唯尔尊重作者对其在发表内容中选择如何指定领土和识别其所属机构的决定。爱思唯尔的政策是在领土争端或司法管辖权主张方面采取中立立场，包括但不限于地图和机构所属关系。对于爱思唯尔代表第三方所有者出版的期刊，所有者可以自行制定这些问题上的政策。

• Maps: Readers should be able to locate any study areas shown within maps using common mapping platforms. Maps should only show the area actually studied and authors should not include a location map which displays a larger area than the bounding box of the study area. Authors should add a note clearly stating that "map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries”.  During the review process, Elsevier’s editors may request authors to change maps if these guidelines are not followed.
  地图：读者应能够使用常见的地图平台定位地图中显示的任何研究区域。地图应仅显示实际研究区域，作者不应包含显示比研究区域边界框更大的区域的定位地图。作者应添加一个明确声明，说明“地图线条界定研究区域，并不一定代表被接受的国家边界”。在审稿过程中，Elsevier 的编辑可能会要求作者更改地图，如果这些指南未得到遵循。

• Institutional affiliations: Authors should use either the full, standard title of their institution or the standard abbreviation of the institutional name so that the institutional name can be independently verified for research integrity purposes.
  机构归属：作者应使用其机构的完整标准名称或机构名称的标准缩写，以便独立验证机构名称，用于研究诚信目的。

Authors must follow ethical guidelines for studies carried out in humans and animals.
作者必须遵循在人类和动物研究中实行的伦理指南。

Studies in humans  人类研究

Work which involves the use of human subjects should be carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.
涉及使用人类受试者的工作应按照世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言：涉及人类受试者的医学研究伦理原则进行。

Manuscripts should follow the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing and publication of scholarly work in medical journals and aim to be representative of human populations in terms of sex, age and ethnicity. Sex and gender terms should be used correctly, as outlined by WHO (World Health Organization).
稿件应遵循国际医学期刊编辑委员会（ICMJE）关于医学期刊中学术工作的实施、报告、编辑和出版建议，并在性别、年龄和种族方面代表人类群体。应正确使用世界卫生组织（WHO）概述的性别和性别术语。

Manuscripts must include a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and have been approved by the appropriate institutional committee(s). The statement should contain the date and reference number of the ethical approval(s) obtained.
稿件必须包含声明，所有程序均符合相关法律法规和机构指南，并已获得适当的机构委员会（们）的批准。该声明应包含伦理批准（们）的日期和参考编号。

Manuscripts must also include a statement that the privacy rights of human subjects have been observed and that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects.
稿件还必须包含一份声明，说明已遵守人类受试者的隐私权，并已获得对人类受试者进行实验的知情同意。

This journal will not accept manuscripts that contain data derived from unethically sourced organs or tissue, including from executed prisoners or prisoners of conscience, consistent with recommendations by Global Rights Compliance on Mitigating Human Rights Risks in Transplantation Medicine. For all studies that use human organs or tissues, sufficient evidence must be provided that these were procured in line with WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation. For clinical studies, a statement of informed consent having been obtained from a patient or their nominated representative, paired with ethical approval for the study from a suitable institution, as required by the policies of the journal, may be considered sufficient evidence, but the journal reserves the right to request additional evidence in cases where it feels this is not sufficient. The source of the organs or tissues used in clinical research must be transparent and traceable. If your manuscript describes organ transplantation you must additionally declare within the manuscript that:
本期刊不接受包含从非道德来源获取的器官或组织数据的手稿，包括来自被处决的囚犯或良心犯，符合全球权利合规在移植医学中减轻人权风险的建议。对于所有使用人类器官或组织的研究，必须提供充分证据，证明这些器官或组织是根据世界卫生组织关于人体细胞、组织和器官移植的指导原则获得的。对于临床研究，如果期刊政策要求，从患者或其指定的代表处获得知情同意的声明，以及从合适的机构获得的伦理批准，可能被视为充分证据，但期刊保留在认为这些证据不足的情况下要求额外证据的权利。用于临床研究的器官或组织的来源必须透明且可追溯。如果您的手稿描述器官移植，您还必须在手稿中声明：

• autonomous consent free from coercion was obtained from the donor(s) or their next of kin.
  自主同意，免受强制，已从捐赠者或其亲属处获得。

• organs and/or tissues were not sourced from executed prisoners or prisoners of conscience.
  器官和/或组织并非来自被处决的囚犯或良心犯。

Studies in animals  动物研究

All animal experiments should comply with ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines.
所有动物实验应符合 ARRIVE（动物研究：体内实验报告）指南。

Studies should be carried out in accordance with Guidance on the operation of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63 for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes or the NIH (National Research Council) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PDF) or those of an equivalent internationally recognized body.
研究应按照《1986 年动物（科学程序）法操作指南》和相关的指南、欧盟指令 2010/63 关于用于科学目的的动物保护或美国国家研究委员会（NIH）的《实验室动物护理和使用指南》（PDF）或同等国际认可机构的指南进行。

The sex of animals, and where appropriate, the influence (or association) of sex on the results of the study must be indicated and a statement included in your manuscript that such guidelines as listed above have been followed.
动物的性别，并在适当的情况下，必须指出性别对研究结果的影响（或关联），并在您的稿件中包含一份声明，说明已遵循上述指南。

We ask you to provide editable source files for your entire submission (including figures, tables and text graphics). Some guidelines:
请提供您整个投稿的可编辑源文件（包括图表、表格和文本图形）。以下是一些指南：

• Save files in an editable format, using the extension .doc/.docx for Word files and .tex for LaTeX files. A PDF is not an acceptable source file.
  保存文件时使用可编辑的格式，Word 文件使用.doc/.docx 扩展名，LaTeX 文件使用.tex 扩展名。PDF 文件不是可接受的源文件。

• Lay out text in a single-column format.
  文本布局为单栏格式。

• Remove any strikethrough and underlined text from your manuscript, unless it has scientific significance related to your article.
  删除您稿件中的任何删除线或下划线文本，除非它与您的文章有科学意义相关。

• Use spell-check and grammar-check functions to avoid errors.
  使用拼写检查和语法检查功能以避免错误。

We advise you to read our Step-by-step guide to publishing with Elsevier.
我们建议您阅读我们关于在 Elsevier 出版步骤指南。

We encourage you use our LaTeX template when preparing a LaTeX submission. You will be asked to provide all relevant editable source files upon submission or revision.
我们鼓励您在准备 LaTeX 投稿时使用我们的 LaTeX 模板。投稿或修改时，您将被要求提供所有相关可编辑源文件。

Support for your LaTeX submission:
支持您的 LaTeX 投稿

• LaTeX submission instructions and templatesLaTeX 投稿指南和模板

• Journal Article Publishing Support Center LaTeX FAQs and support
  期刊文章出版支持中心 LaTeX 常见问题解答和支持

• Researcher Academy’s Beginners’ guide to writing a manuscript in LaTeX
  《Researcher Academy 初学者指南：LaTeX 论文写作》

You are required to include the following details in the title page information:
您必须在标题页信息中包含以下详细信息：

• Article title. Article titles should be concise and informative. Please avoid abbreviations and formulae, where possible, unless they are established and widely understood, e.g., DNA).
  文章标题。文章标题应简洁且具有信息性。尽可能避免使用缩写和公式，除非它们是公认的且广为人知，例如（DNA）。

• Author names. Provide the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author. The order of authors should match the order in the submission system. Carefully check that all names are accurately spelled. If needed, you can add your name between parentheses in your own script after the English transliteration.
  作者姓名。提供每位作者的给定名（们）和姓氏。作者的顺序应与提交系统中的顺序一致。仔细检查所有姓名是否拼写准确。如有需要，您可以在自己的脚本的英文转写后用括号添加您的姓名。

• Affiliations. Add affiliation addresses, referring to where the work was carried out, below the author names. Indicate affiliations using a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the corresponding address. Ensure that you provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the email address of each author.
  作者单位。在作者姓名下方添加单位地址，指明工作完成地点。在作者姓名后立即使用小写上标字母标明单位，并在相应地址前。确保您提供每个单位的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称，如有作者邮箱，请提供。

• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence for your article at all stages of the refereeing and publication process and also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about your results, data, methodology and materials. It is important that the email address and contact details of your corresponding author are kept up to date during the submission and publication process.
  通信作者。明确指出谁将在评审和出版过程的各个阶段处理您的文章的通讯事宜，以及发布后的通讯。这项责任包括回答关于您的研究结果、数据、方法和材料等方面的任何未来查询。在投稿和出版过程中，保持您对应作者的电子邮件地址和联系方式的最新信息非常重要。

• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in your article was carried out, or the author was visiting during that time, a "present address" (or "permanent address") can be indicated by a footnote to the author's name. The address where the author carried out the work must be retained as their main affiliation address. Use superscript Arabic numerals for such footnotes.
  作者现/永久地址。如果自您文章中描述的工作完成以来作者已搬家，或作者在那时正在访问，可以通过作者姓名的脚注来标注“现地址”（或“永久地址”）。作者进行工作的地址必须保留为其主要所属机构地址。此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。

You are required to provide a concise and factual abstract which does not exceed 250 words. The abstract should briefly state the purpose of your research, principal results and major conclusions. Some guidelines:
您必须提供一份简洁、客观的摘要，字数不超过 250 字。摘要应简要说明您的研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。以下是一些指南：

• Abstracts must be able to stand alone as abstracts are often presented separately from the article.
  摘要必须能够独立存在，因为摘要通常与文章分开进行展示。

• Avoid references. If any are essential to include, ensure that you cite the author(s) and year(s).
  避免引用。如果必须包含，请确保引用作者和年份。

• Avoid non-standard or uncommon abbreviations. If any are essential to include, ensure they are defined within your abstract at first mention.
  避免使用非标准或罕见的缩写。如果必须包含，确保在摘要中首次提及时进行定义。

You are required to provide 1 to 7 keywords for indexing purposes. Keywords should be written in English. Please try to avoid keywords consisting of multiple words (using "and" or "of").
您需要提供 1 至 7 个关键词以供索引。关键词应使用英文书写。请尽量避免使用由多个单词组成的（使用“和”或“的”）关键词。

We recommend that you only use abbreviations in keywords if they are firmly established in the field.
建议您仅在关键词中仅使用在该领域内已确立的缩写。

You are required to provide article highlights at submission.
您需要在投稿时提供文章亮点。

Highlights are a short collection of bullet points that should capture the novel results of your research as well as any new methods used during your study. Highlights will help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. Some guidelines:
高亮是简短的项目符号集合，应捕捉您研究中的新颖结果以及您在研究过程中使用的新方法。高亮将有助于通过搜索引擎提高您文章的可发现性。一些指南：

• Submit highlights as a separate editable file in the online submission system with the word "highlights" included in the file name.
  提交要点作为单独的可编辑文件，并在文件名中包含“highlights”一词。

• Highlights should consist of 3 to 5 bullet points, each a maximum of 85 characters, including spaces.
  要点应包含 3 至 5 个项目符号，每个最多 85 个字符，包括空格。

We encourage you to view example article highlights and read about the benefits of their inclusion.
我们鼓励您查看示例文章亮点并了解其包含的好处。

You are encouraged to provide a graphical abstract at submission.
鼓励您在投稿时提供图文摘要。

The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of your article in a concise, pictorial form which is designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. A graphical abstract will help draw more attention to your online article and support readers in digesting your research. Some guidelines:
图示摘要应简洁、直观地概括您文章的内容，旨在吸引广泛的读者关注。图示摘要有助于吸引更多读者关注您的在线文章，并帮助读者消化您的研究。以下是一些指南：

• Submit your graphical abstract as a separate file in the online submission system.
  请将您的图文摘要作为单独的文件提交至在线投稿系统。

• Ensure the image is a minimum of 531 x 1328 pixels (h x w) or proportionally more and is readable at a size of 5 x 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi.
  确保图片至少为 531 x 1328 像素（高 x 宽），或按比例更大，并且在使用 96 dpi 标准屏幕分辨率的情况下，以 5 x 13 厘米的尺寸可读。

• Our preferred file types for graphical abstracts are TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files.
  我们首选的图形摘要文件类型为 TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。

We encourage you to view example graphical abstracts and read about the benefits of including them.
我们鼓励您查看示例图形摘要并了解包含它们的益处。

• Submit math equations as editable text, not as images.
  提交数学方程式时，请以可编辑文本的形式，而不是图片形式。

• Present simple formulae in line with normal text, where possible.
  尽可能将简单公式按正常文本格式排版。

• Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms such as X/Y.
  使用斜杠（/）代替水平线表示小分数项，例如 X/Y。

• Present variables in italics.
  以斜体字表示变量。

• Denote powers of e by exp.
  用 exp 表示 e 的幂。

• Display equations separately from your text, numbering them consecutively in the order they are referred to within your text.
  将方程式与文本分开显示，并在文本中按引用顺序连续编号。

Tables must be submitted as editable text, not as images. Some guidelines:
表格必须以可编辑文本的形式提交，而不是图片。以下是一些指南：

• Place tables next to the relevant text or on a separate page(s) at the end of your article.
  将表格放置在相关文本旁边或文章末尾的单独页面（们）上。

• Cite all tables in the manuscript text.
  引用文稿中的所有表格。

• Number tables consecutively according to their appearance in the text.
  按照文本中出现顺序连续编号表格。

• Please provide captions along with the tables.
  请为表格提供标题。

• Place any table notes below the table body.
  将表格注释放置在表格主体下方。

• Avoid vertical rules and shading within table cells.
  避免在表格单元格中使用垂直规则和阴影。

We recommend that you use tables sparingly, ensuring that any data presented in tables is not duplicating results described elsewhere in the article.
建议您谨慎使用表格，确保表格中呈现的数据不与文章其他部分描述的结果重复。

Figures, images, artwork, diagrams and other graphical media must be supplied as separate files along with the manuscript. We recommend that you read our detailed artwork and media instructions. Some excerpts:
图表、图像、艺术品、图表以及其他图形媒体必须作为单独的文件与稿件一起提供。我们建议您阅读我们详细的图形和媒体说明。一些摘录：

When submitting artwork:  提交作品时：

• Cite all images in the manuscript text.
  引用文稿文本中的所有图片。

• Number images according to the sequence they appear within your article.
  按照文章中出现的顺序对图片进行编号。

• Submit each image as a separate file using a logical naming convention for your files (for example, Figure_1, Figure_2 etc).
  提交每张图片为一个单独的文件，并使用逻辑命名约定命名您的文件（例如，Figure_1，Figure_2 等）。

• Please provide captions for all figures, images, and artwork.
  请为所有图表、图像和艺术品提供标题。

• Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. If you are working with LaTeX, text graphics may also be embedded in the file.
  文本图形可以嵌入到文本的适当位置。如果您使用 LaTeX，文本图形也可以嵌入到文件中。

Artwork formats  艺术品格式

When your artwork is finalized, "save as" or convert your electronic artwork to the formats listed below taking into account the given resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations:
当您的艺术品完成时，请根据以下分辨率要求，将您的电子艺术品“另存为”或转换为以下格式：线条图、半色调图和线条/半色调组合图

• Vector drawings: Save as EPS or PDF files embedding the font or saving the text as "graphics."
  矢量图：保存为嵌入字体的 EPS 或 PDF 文件或将文本保存为“图形”。

• Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): Save as TIFF, JPG or PNG files using a minimum of 300 dpi (for single column: min. 1063 pixels, full page width: 2244 pixels).
  彩色或灰度照片（半色调）：以 TIFF、JPG 或 PNG 格式保存，分辨率至少为 300 dpi（单栏：至少 1063 像素，全页宽度：2244 像素）。

• Bitmapped line drawings: Save as TIFF, JPG or PNG files using a minimum of 1000 dpi (for single column: min. 3543 pixels, full page width: 7480 pixels).
  位图线图：以至少 1000 dpi 的分辨率保存为 TIFF、JPG 或 PNG 文件（单栏：至少 3543 像素，全页宽度：7480 像素）。

• Combinations bitmapped line/halftones (color or grayscale): Save as TIFF, JPG or PNG files using a minimum of 500 dpi (for single column: min. 1772 pixels, full page width: 3740 pixels).
  组合位图线条/半色调（彩色或灰度）：以至少 500 dpi 的分辨率保存为 TIFF、JPG 或 PNG 文件（单栏：至少 1772 像素，全页宽度：3740 像素）。

Please do not submit:  请勿提交：

• files that are too low in resolution (for example, files optimized for screen use such as GIF, BMP, PICT or WPG files).
  分辨率过低的文件（例如，针对屏幕使用优化的文件，如 GIF、BMP、PICT 或 WPG 文件）。

• disproportionally large images compared to font size, as text may become unreadable.
  与字体大小不成比例的大图像，文本可能变得难以阅读。

Figure captions  图题

All images must have a caption. A caption should consist of a brief title (not displayed on the figure itself) and a description of the image. We advise you to keep the amount of text in any image to a minimum, though any symbols and abbreviations used should be explained.
所有图片必须附有标题。标题应包括一个简短标题（不在图本身上显示）和图片的描述。我们建议您将任何图片中的文本量保持在最低限度，尽管使用的任何符号和缩写都应该有解释。

Provide captions in a separate file.
提供字幕请另存为单独的文件。

Color artwork  彩色插图

If you submit usable color figures with your accepted article, we will ensure that they appear in color online.
如果您提交与您已接受的论文一起的可用的彩色图表，我们将确保它们在线上以彩色显示。

Please ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision. Learn more about color and web accessibility.
请确保彩色图像对所有用户都可用，包括色觉受损的用户。了解更多关于色彩和网站可访问性的信息。

For articles appearing in print, you will be sent information on costs to reproduce color in the printed version, after your accepted article has been sent to production. At this stage, please indicate if your preference is to have color only in the online version of your article or also in the printed version.
对于印刷版出现的文章，您的文章被送至生产后，我们将向您发送有关在印刷版中复制颜色的费用信息。在此阶段，请说明您是否希望仅在您的文章的在线版本中添加颜色，或者也添加到印刷版中。

Please read our policy on the use of generative AI and AI-assisted tools in figures, images and artwork, which can be found in Elsevier’s GenAI Policies for Journals. This policy states:
请阅读我们关于在图表、图像和艺术品中使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助工具的政策，该政策可在《科学出版社期刊的生成式人工智能政策》中找到。该政策规定：

• We do not permit the use of Generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts.
  我们不允许使用生成式 AI 或 AI 辅助工具创建或修改提交的稿件中的图像。

• The only exception is if the use of AI or AI-assisted tools is part of the research design or methods (for example, in the field of biomedical imaging). If this is the case, such use must be described in a reproducible manner in the methods section, including the name of the model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer.
  唯一例外是，如果人工智能或人工智能辅助工具是研究设计或方法的一部分（例如，在生物医学成像领域）。如果是这种情况，这种使用必须在方法部分以可重复的方式描述，包括模型或工具的名称、版本和扩展号以及制造商。

• The use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools in the production of artwork such as for graphical abstracts is not permitted. The use of generative AI in the production of cover art may in some cases be allowed, if the author obtains prior permission from the journal editor and publisher, can demonstrate that all necessary rights have been cleared for the use of the relevant material, and ensures that there is correct content attribution.
  生成式人工智能或人工智能辅助工具在制作如图形摘要等艺术作品中的使用是不允许的。在某些情况下，如果作者获得期刊编辑和出版商的预先许可，并能证明已为使用相关材料获得所有必要权利，并确保正确的内容归属，则允许在制作封面艺术中使用生成式人工智能。

We encourage the use of supplementary materials such as applications, images and sound clips to enhance research. Some guidelines:
我们鼓励使用补充材料，如应用程序、图像和声音剪辑，以增强研究。一些指南：

• Supplementary material should be accurate and relevant to the research.
  补充材料应准确且与研究相关。

• Cite all supplementary files in the manuscript text.
  引用文稿中的所有补充文件。

• Submit supplementary materials at the same time as your article. Be aware that all supplementary materials provided will appear online in the exact same file type as received. These files will not be formatted or typeset by the production team.
  请同时提交补充材料。请注意，提供的所有补充材料将以接收到的原始文件类型在线显示。这些文件将由生产团队进行格式化和排版。

• Include a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file describing its content.
  为每个补充文件添加一个简洁、描述性的标题，以说明其内容。

• Provide updated files if at any stage of the publication process you wish to make changes to submitted supplementary materials.
  提供更新文件，如果您在出版过程中希望对提交的补充材料进行修改。

• Do not make annotations or corrections to a previous version of a supplementary file.
  不要对补充文件的先前版本进行标注或更正。

• Switch off the option to track changes in Microsoft Office files. If tracked changes are left on, they will appear in your published version.
  关闭在 Microsoft Office 文件中跟踪更改的选项。如果保留跟踪更改，它们将出现在您的出版版本中。

This journal accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. We encourage you to include links to video or animation files within articles. Some guidelines:
本期刊接受视频材料和动画序列以支持和增强您的科学研究。我们鼓励您在文章中包含视频或动画文件的链接。一些指南：

• When including video or animation file links within your article, refer to the video or animation content by adding a note in your text where the file should be placed.
  当在您的文章中包含视频或动画文件链接时，请在文本中添加注释，指明文件应放置的位置，以引用视频或动画内容。

• Clearly label files ensuring the given file name is directly related to the file content.
  明确标记文件，确保给定的文件名直接与文件内容相关。

• Provide files in one of our recommended file formats. Files should be within our preferred maximum file size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total.
  请提供我们推荐的文件格式之一。文件大小应在我们的推荐最大文件大小 150 MB/文件，总计 1 GB 以内。

• Provide "stills" for each of your files. These will be used as standard icons to personalize the link to your video data. You can choose any frame from your video or animation or make a separate image.
  为每个文件提供“静态图像”。这些将被用作标准图标，以个性化您的视频数据链接。您可以从视频或动画中选取任何帧，或制作一个单独的图像。

• Provide text (for both the electronic and the print version) to be placed in the portions of your article that refer to the video content. This is essential text, as video and animation files cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal.
  提供文本（适用于电子版和印刷版），以便放置在您的文章中提及视频内容的部分。这是必需的文本，因为视频和动画文件无法嵌入期刊的印刷版中。

We publish all video and animation files supplied in the electronic version of your article.
我们发布您文章电子版中提供的所有视频和动画文件。

For more detailed instructions, we recommend that you read our guidelines on submitting video content to be included in the body of an article.
更多详细说明，我们建议您阅读我们关于提交视频内容以包含在文章正文中的指南。

To foster transparency, you are required to state the availability of any data at submission.
为了促进透明度，您在提交时必须声明任何数据的可用性。

Ensuring data is available may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you can state the reason why (e.g., your research data includes sensitive or confidential information such as patient data) during the submission process. This statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect.
确保数据可用可能是您资助机构或机构的要求。如果您的数据无法访问或不适于发布，您可以在投稿过程中说明原因（例如，您的科研数据包含敏感或机密信息，如患者数据）。此声明将与您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章一同出现。

Read more about the importance and benefits of providing a data statement.
了解更多关于提供数据声明的重要性和益处的信息。

Linking to the data underlying your work increases your exposure and may lead to new collaborations. It also provides readers with a better understanding of the described research.
链接到您工作的数据可以提高您的曝光度，并可能导致新的合作。这也有助于读者更好地理解所描述的研究。

If your research data has been made available in a data repository there are a number of ways your article can be linked directly to the dataset:
如果您的科研数据已在数据存储库中公开，您的文章可以通过以下几种方式直接链接到数据集：

• Provide a link to your dataset when prompted during the online submission process.
  请在网上提交过程中被提示时提供您的数据集链接。

• For some data repositories, a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
  对于某些数据存储库，ScienceDirect 上您发表的文章旁边将自动显示存储库横幅。

• You can also link relevant data or entities within the text of your article through the use of identifiers. Use the following format: Database: 12345 (e.g. TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
  您还可以通过使用标识符在文章文本中链接相关数据或实体。使用以下格式：数据库：12345（例如：TAIR：AT1G01020；CCDC：734053；PDB：1XFN）。

Learn more about linking research data and research articles in ScienceDirect.
了解如何在 ScienceDirect 中链接研究数据和文章。

This journal enables the publication of research objects (e.g. data, methods, protocols, software and hardware) related to original research in Elsevier's Research Elements journals.
本期刊允许发表与 Elsevier 研究元素期刊中原创研究相关的科研对象（例如：数据、方法、协议、软件和硬件）。

Research Elements are peer-reviewed, open access journals which make research objects findable, accessible and reusable. By providing detailed descriptions of objects and their application with links to the original research article, your research objects can be placed into context within your article.
研究元素是经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，使研究对象可被发现、可访问和可重复使用。通过提供对象的详细描述及其应用，并链接到原始研究文章，您的研究对象可以在您的文章中得到背景定位。

You will be alerted during submission to the opportunity to submit a manuscript to one of the Research Elements journals. Your Research Elements article can be prepared by you, or by one of your collaborators.
您将在投稿过程中收到提醒，有机会向 Research Elements 系列期刊之一提交稿件。您的 Research Elements 文章可以由您本人准备，也可以由您的合作者准备。

Article sections  文章章节

Glossary  词汇表

Acknowledgements  致谢

Author contributions: CRediT
作者贡献：CRediT

Funding sources  资助来源

Appendices  附录

References within text  文本中参考文献

Reference format  参考文献格式

Reference style  参考文献格式

Web references  网络引用

Data references  数据引用

Preprint references  预印本参考文献

Reference management software
参考文献管理软件

Before completing the submission of your manuscript, we advise you to read our submission checklist:
在完成稿件提交之前，我们建议您阅读我们的投稿清单：

• One author has been designated as the corresponding author and their full contact details (email address, full postal address and phone numbers) have been provided.
  一位作者被指定为通讯作者，并提供了他们的完整联系信息（电子邮件地址、完整邮寄地址和电话号码）。

• All files have been uploaded, including keywords, figure captions and tables (including a title, description and footnotes) included.
  所有文件均已上传，包括关键词、图题和表格（包括标题、描述和脚注）。

• Spelling and grammar checks have been carried out.
  拼写和语法检查已完成。

• All references in the article text are cited in the reference list and vice versa.
  所有文章正文中的参考文献均在参考文献列表中引用，反之亦然。

• Permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material from other sources, including the Web.
  已获得使用来自其他来源的任何版权材料的许可，包括网络。

• For gold open access articles, all authors understand that they are responsible for payment of the article publishing charge (APC) if the manuscript is accepted. Payment of the APC may be covered by the corresponding author's institution, or the research funder.
  对于黄金开放获取文章，所有作者都理解，如果稿件被接受，他们有责任支付文章出版费（APC）。APC 的支付可能由通讯作者所在的机构或研究资助者承担。

If your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative Elsevier journal, you may receive an email asking you to consider transferring your manuscript via the Elsevier Article Transfer Service.
如果您的稿件更适合 Elsevier 的其他期刊，您可能会收到一封询问您考虑通过 Elsevier 文章转移服务转移您的稿件的电子邮件。

The recommendation could come from the journal editor, a dedicated in-house scientific managing editor, a tool-assisted recommendation or a combination.
建议可能来自期刊编辑、专门的内部科学管理编辑、工具辅助推荐或其组合。

If you agree with the recommendation, your manuscript will be transferred and independently reviewed by the editors of the new journal. You will have the opportunity to make revisions, if necessary, before the submission is complete at the destination journal.
如果您同意该建议，您的稿件将被转交给新期刊的编辑独立审阅。在稿件提交至目标期刊完成之前，您将有机会进行必要的修改。

Authors will be asked to complete a publishing agreement after acceptance. The corresponding author will receive a link to the online agreement by email. We advise you to read Elsevier's policies related to copyright to learn more about our copyright policies and your, and your employer’s/institution’s, additional rights for subscription and gold open access articles.
作者在接受后将被要求完成一份出版协议。通讯作者将通过电子邮件收到在线协议的链接。我们建议您阅读 Elsevier 有关版权的政策，以了解更多关于我们的版权政策以及您和您的雇主/机构的额外权利（订阅和黄金开放获取文章）。

Authors will be offered open access user license options which will determine how you, and third parties, can reuse your gold open access article. We advise that you review these options and any funding body license requirements before selecting a license option.
作者将获得开放获取用户许可选项，这些选项将决定您和第三方如何重新使用您的黄金开放获取文章。我们建议您在选择许可选项之前，审查这些选项以及任何资助机构许可要求。

We refer you to our open access information page to learn about open access options for this journal.
我们请您参阅我们的开放获取信息页面，了解本期刊的开放获取选项。

If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included in your article, you must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) within your article using Elsevier’s permission request and license form (Word).
如果您的文章中包含其他受版权保护作品的摘录，您必须从版权所有者处获得书面许可，并在您的文章中使用 Elsevier 的许可请求和许可证表格（Word 格式）注明来源。

To ensure a fast publication process we will ask you to provide proof corrections within two days.
为确保快速出版流程，我们将在两天内要求您提供校对更正。

Corresponding authors will be sent an email which includes a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to Word. You can edit text, comment on figures and tables and answer questions raised by our copy editor. Our web-based proofing service ensures a faster and less error-prone process.
相应作者将收到一封包含我们在线校对系统链接的电子邮件，允许在线标注和校对校样。环境类似于 Word。您可以编辑文本、对图表和表格进行评论，并回答我们的编辑提出的问题。我们的基于网络的校对服务确保了更快且更少错误的流程。

You can choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version of your article, if preferred. We will provide you with proofing instructions and available alternative proofing methods in our email.
您可以选择在文章的 PDF 版本上标注并上传您的编辑，如果这样更方便的话。我们将在电子邮件中提供校对说明和可用的替代校对方法。

The purpose of the proof is to check the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of your article text, tables and figures. Significant changes to your article at the proofing stage will only be considered with approval of the journal editor.
校对的目的在于检查您文章文本、表格和图片的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。在校对阶段对您的文章进行重大修改，仅会在期刊编辑批准后予以考虑。

A customized Share Link, providing 50 days free access to the final published version of your article on ScienceDirect, will be sent by email to the corresponding author. The Share Link can be used to share your article on any communication channel, such as by email or on social media.
定制分享链接，将通过电子邮件发送给通讯作者，提供 50 天免费访问您文章最终出版版本。分享链接可用于在任何通信渠道分享您的文章，例如通过电子邮件或在社交媒体上。

For an extra charge, you will be provided with the option to order paper offprints. A link to an offprint order form will be sent by email when your article is accepted for publication.
额外付费，您将有权订购纸质副本。当您的文章被接受发表时，将通过电子邮件发送一份纸质副本订单表链接。

A Share Link will not be provided if your article is published gold open access. The final published version of your gold open access article will be openly available on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link.
文章发表为金色开放获取时，将不会提供分享链接。您的金色开放获取文章的最终发表版本将在 ScienceDirect 上公开可用，可以通过文章 DOI 链接进行分享。

We encourage you to share and promote your article to give additional visibility to your work, enabling your paper to contribute to scientific progress and foster the exchange of scientific developments within your field. Read more about how to responsibly share and promote your article.
我们鼓励您分享和推广您的文章，以增加您工作的可见性，使您的论文能够为科学进步做出贡献，并促进您所在领域的科学发展交流。了解更多关于如何负责任地分享和推广您的文章的信息。

If you would like help to improve your submission or navigate the publication process, support is available via Elsevier Researcher Academy.
如果您需要帮助改进您的投稿或导航出版流程，Elsevier Researcher Academy 提供支持。

Elsevier Researcher Academy offers free e-learning modules, webinars, downloadable guides and research writing and peer review process resources.
爱思唯尔研究学院提供免费的网络学习模块、网络研讨会、可下载指南以及研究写作和同行评审流程资源。

We recommend that you write in American or British English but not a combination of both.
我们建议您使用美式或英式英语，但不要混用。

If you feel the English language in your manuscript requires editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English, you may wish to use the English Language Editing service provided by Elsevier’s Author Services.
如果您觉得您手稿中的英语需要编辑以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语规范，您可能希望使用 Elsevier 作者服务提供的英语语言编辑服务。

We recommend that you visit our Journal Article Publishing Support Center if you have questions about the editorial process or require technical support for your submission. Some popular FAQs:
我们建议您访问我们的期刊文章出版支持中心，如果您对编辑流程有疑问或需要提交技术支持。一些常见问题解答：

• How can I track the status of my submitted article?如何跟踪我提交的论文状态？

• When will my article be published?我的文章何时发表？