因为CentOS不支持服务了,所以ubuntu成了很多使用Linux的首选。
本文以ubuntu20.4系统为基础,准备django环境。
1. 安装Anaconda
Anaconda则是一个打包的集合,里面预装好了conda、某个版本的python、众多packages、科学计算工具等等,所以也称为Python的一种发行版。
1.1 下载Anaconda
进入Anaconda官网下载:Free Download | Anaconda
也可以到镜像网站
Index of /anaconda/archive/ | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror
下载Anaconda3-2023.03-1-Linux-x86_64.sh
至于是在windows系统下下载还是在ubuntu系统下载都无妨,在windows系统下载之后需要使用sftp上传至虚拟机的ubuntu中;如果在ubuntu中,也可使用火狐浏览器下载,上传则可省略。
1.2 安装Anaconda
xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~/Downloads$ bash Anaconda3-2023.03-1-Linux-x86_64.sh
(注意:千万不要使用root用户安装,一定要是用普通用户进行安装,使用root用户安装的anaconda之后普通用户无法使用,会有一大堆的问题等着你处理。)
按yes同意协议后
按回车默认安装目录
1.3 环境变量初始化
安装完成后,提示是否要初始化。建议选择yes, 如下:
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/condabin/conda
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/bin/conda
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/bin/conda-env
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/bin/activate
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/bin/deactivate
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change /home/yundo/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified /home/yundo/.bashrc
==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup,
set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
初始化后,anaconda将配置写入了~/.bashrc 文件。写入的内容如下:
# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/home/yundo/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
eval "$__conda_setup"
else
if [ -f "/home/yundo/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
. "/home/yundo/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
else
export PATH="/home/yundo/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
fi
fiunset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<
1.4 使配置文件生效
xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ source ~/.bashrc
1.5 验证是否安装成功
使用conda –version或conda -V查看anaconda版本,若显示版本号,则安装成功。
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda -V
conda 23.3.1
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ python
Python 3.10.9 (main, Mar 1 2023, 18:23:06) [GCC 11.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
1.6 配置镜像源
使用conda进行安装时,访问的是国外的网络,所以下载和安装包时会特别慢。我们需要更换到国内镜像源地址,这里更换到国内的清华大学地址。(永久添加镜像)
1.6.1 查看anaconda中已经存在的镜像源
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda config --show channels
channels:
- defaults
1.6.2 添加镜像源(永久添加)
(base)xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
(base)xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$
1.6.3 设置搜索时显示通道地址
(base)xxx@yundoxxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
1.6.4 添加完后查看
(base)xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda config --show channels
channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
- defaults
1.6.5 可以在命令中指定安装镜像地址
若不想按照上述步骤添加镜像,可使用以下命令直接指定安装时使用的镜像地址(以opencv为例):
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ conda install opencv -c https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
2 安装django
用pip在命令行,直接加镜像源方式安装django
2.1 安装信息如下
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ pip install Django -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting Django
Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/12/13/78e8622180f101e95297965045ff1325ea7301c1b80f756debbeaa84c3be/Django-4.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (8.0 MB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.0/8.0 MB 5.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting asgiref<4,>=3.6.0
Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/8f/29/38d10a47b322a77b2d12c2b79c789f52956f733cb701d4d5157c76b5f238/asgiref-3.6.0-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB)
Collecting sqlparse>=0.3.1
Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/98/5a/66d7c9305baa9f11857f247d4ba761402cea75db6058ff850ed7128957b7/sqlparse-0.4.4-py3-none-any.whl (41 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 41.2/41.2 kB 4.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: sqlparse, asgiref, Django
Successfully installed Django-4.2.1 asgiref-3.6.0 sqlparse-0.4.4
(base) yundo@yundo-virtual-machine:~$
2.1 验证是否安装成功
(base) xxx@xxx-virtual-machine:~$ python
Python 3.10.9 (main, Mar 1 2023, 18:23:06) [GCC 11.2.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.VERSION
(4, 2, 1, 'final', 0)
>>>