HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection，增加了易用性和灵活性，它不仅使客户端发送Http请求变得容易，而且也方便开发人员测试接口（基于Http协议的），提高了开发的效率，也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容，掌握HttpClient后，相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient与org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的区别
Commons的HttpClient项目现在是生命的尽头，不再被开发, 已被Apache HttpComponents项目HttpClient和HttpCore 模组取代，提供更好的性能和更大的灵活性。
一、简介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi
二、特性
1. 基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。
3. 支持HTTPS协议。
4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
相关jar包
-
commons-cli-
1.2.jar
-
commons-codec-
1.9.jar
-
commons-logging-
1.2.jar
-
fluent-hc-
4.5
.1.jar
-
httpclient-
4.5
.1.jar
-
httpclient-cache-
4.5
.1.jar
-
httpclient-win-
4.5
.1.jar
-
httpcore-
4.4
.3.jar
-
httpcore-ab-
4.4
.3.jar
-
httpcore-nio-
4.4
.3.jar
-
httpmime-
4.5
.1.jar
-
jna-
4.1
.0.jar
-
jna-platform-
4.1
.0.jar
最简单post请求, 源自 http://my.oschina.net/xinxingegeya/blog/282683
-
package a;
-
-
import java.io.FileInputStream;
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
import java.util.Properties;
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
-
public
class
First {
-
public
static
void
main
(String[] args)
throws Exception{
-
List<NameValuePair> formparams =
new
ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
-
formparams.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"account",
""));
-
formparams.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"password",
""));
-
HttpEntity
reqEntity
=
new
UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams,
"utf-8");
-
-
RequestConfig
requestConfig
= RequestConfig.custom()
-
.setConnectTimeout(
5000)
//一、连接超时：connectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间
-
.setSocketTimeout(
5000)
// 二、读取数据超时：SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url，获取response的返回等待时间
-
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(
5000)
-
.build();
-
-
HttpClient
client
=
new
DefaultHttpClient();
-
HttpPost
post
=
new
HttpPost(
"http://cnivi.com.cn/login");
-
post.setEntity(reqEntity);
-
post.setConfig(requestConfig);
-
HttpResponse
response
= client.execute(post);
-
-
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() ==
200) {
-
HttpEntity
resEntity
= response.getEntity();
-
String
message
= EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,
"utf-8");
-
System.out.println(message);
-
}
else {
-
System.out.println(
"请求失败");
-
}
-
}
-
-
}
四、实例
主文件
-
package com.test;
-
-
import java.io.File;
-
import java.io.FileInputStream;
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
-
import java.security.KeyStore;
-
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
-
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
-
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
-
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
-
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.junit.Test;
-
public
class
HttpClientTest {
-
//方法见下........
-
}
HttpClientUtils工具类
-
package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;
-
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.util.*;
-
-
public
class
HttpClientUtils {
-
-
private
static
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager
connectionManager
=
null;
-
private
static
HttpClientBuilder
httpBuilder
=
null;
-
private
static
RequestConfig
requestConfig
=
null;
-
-
private
static
int
MAXCONNECTION
=
10;
-
-
private
static
int
DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION
=
5;
-
-
private
static
String
IP
=
"cnivi.com.cn";
-
private
static
int
PORT
=
80;
-
-
static {
-
//设置http的状态参数
-
requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
-
.setSocketTimeout(
5000)
-
.setConnectTimeout(
5000)
-
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(
5000)
-
.build();
-
-
HttpHost
target
=
new
HttpHost(IP, PORT);
-
connectionManager =
new
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
-
connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);
//客户端总并行链接最大数
-
connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);
//每个主机的最大并行链接数
-
connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(
new
HttpRoute(target),
20);
-
httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
-
httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
-
}
-
-
public
static CloseableHttpClient
getConnection
() {
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpClient
= httpBuilder.build();
-
return httpClient;
-
}
-
-
-
public
static HttpUriRequest
getRequestMethod
(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
-
List<NameValuePair> params =
new
ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
-
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
-
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
-
String
name
= e.getKey();
-
String
value
= e.getValue();
-
NameValuePair
pair
=
new
BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
-
params.add(pair);
-
}
-
HttpUriRequest
reqMethod
=
null;
-
if (
"post".equals(method)) {
-
reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
-
.addParameters(params.toArray(
new
BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
-
.setConfig(requestConfig).build();
-
}
else
if (
"get".equals(method)) {
-
reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
-
.addParameters(params.toArray(
new
BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
-
.setConfig(requestConfig).build();
-
}
-
return reqMethod;
-
}
-
-
public
static
void
main
(String args[])
throws IOException {
-
Map<String, String> map =
new
HashMap<String, String>();
-
map.put(
"account",
"");
-
map.put(
"password",
"");
-
-
HttpClient
client
= getConnection();
-
HttpUriRequest
post
= getRequestMethod(map,
"http://cnivi.com.cn/login",
"post");
-
HttpResponse
response
= client.execute(post);
-
-
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() ==
200) {
-
HttpEntity
entity
= response.getEntity();
-
String
message
= EntityUtils.toString(entity,
"utf-8");
-
System.out.println(message);
-
}
else {
-
System.out.println(
"请求失败");
-
}
-
}
-
}
get方式
-
/**
-
* 发送 get请求
-
*/
-
public
void
get
() {
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
= HttpClients.createDefault();
-
try {
-
// 创建httpget.
-
HttpGet
httpget
=
new
HttpGet(
"http://www.baidu.com/");
-
System.out.println(
"executing request " + httpget.getURI());
-
// 执行get请求.
-
CloseableHttpResponse
response
= httpclient.execute(httpget);
-
try {
-
// 获取响应实体
-
HttpEntity
entity
= response.getEntity();
-
System.out.println(
"--------------------------------------");
-
// 打印响应状态
-
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
-
if (entity !=
null) {
-
// 打印响应内容长度
-
System.out.println(
"Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
-
// 打印响应内容
-
System.out.println(
"Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
-
}
-
System.out.println(
"------------------------------------");
-
}
finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (ParseException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
// 关闭连接,释放资源
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
post方式
-
/**
-
* 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果
-
*/
-
public
void
post
() {
-
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
= HttpClients.createDefault();
-
// 创建httppost
-
HttpPost
httppost
=
new
HttpPost(
"http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
-
// 创建参数队列
-
List<NameValuePair> formparams =
new
ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
-
formparams.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"type",
"house"));
-
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
-
try {
-
uefEntity =
new
UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams,
"UTF-8");
-
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
-
System.out.println(
"executing request " + httppost.getURI());
-
CloseableHttpResponse
response
= httpclient.execute(httppost);
-
try {
-
HttpEntity
entity
= response.getEntity();
-
if (entity !=
null) {
-
System.out.println(
"--------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println(
"Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity,
"UTF-8"));
-
System.out.println(
"--------------------------------------");
-
}
-
}
finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
-
e1.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
// 关闭连接,释放资源
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
post方式乱码补充
如果有乱码,可以偿试使用 StringEntity 来替换HttpEntity:
-
StringEntity
content
=
new
StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName(
"UTF-8"));
// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码
-
content.setContentType(
"application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
-
content.setContentEncoding(
"UTF-8");
-
httppost.setEntity(content);
具体SOAP协议代码如下:
-
package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;
-
-
import java.io.BufferedReader;
-
import java.io.File;
-
import java.io.FileInputStream;
-
import java.io.FileReader;
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
-
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-
import java.util.Scanner;
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
-
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
-
import org.jdom.Document;
-
import org.jdom.Element;
-
-
import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;
-
import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;
-
import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;
-
/**
-
*
-
*
-
*/
-
public
class
DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl
implements
ServiceOfStringPara {
-
private
String
serviceUrl
=
"http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";
-
-
private
static
Logger
log
= Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());
-
-
public String
invoke
(String sRequest) {
-
-
StringBuffer
soapRequestData
=
new
StringBuffer();
-
soapRequestData.append(
"<soapenv:Envelope");
-
soapRequestData.append(
" xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");
-
soapRequestData.append(
" xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");
-
soapRequestData.append(
" <soapenv:Header/> ");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"<soapenv:Body>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"<prov:executePrvPricing>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"<arg0>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"<![CDATA[" + sRequest +
"]]>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"</arg0>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"</prov:executePrvPricing>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
" </soapenv:Body>");
-
soapRequestData.append(
"</soapenv:Envelope>");
-
-
HttpClient
httpclient
= HttpClients.createDefault();
-
HttpPost
httppost
=
new
HttpPost(serviceUrl);
-
-
StringEntity
content
=
new
StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName(
"UTF-8"));
// 第二个参数，设置后才会对，内容进行编码
-
content.setContentType(
"application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
-
content.setContentEncoding(
"UTF-8");
-
httppost.setEntity(content);
-
-
//用下面的服务器端以UTF-8接收到的报文会乱码,原因未知
-
// HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(
-
// ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN
-
// .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();
-
// httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
-
// httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",
-
// "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
-
HttpResponse
response
=
null;
-
Document
doc
=
null;
-
String
returnXml
=
null;
-
String
sentity
=
null;
-
try {
-
response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
-
HttpEntity
resEntity
= response.getEntity();
-
if (resEntity !=
null) {
-
sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,
"UTF-8");
-
doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);
-
System.out.println(doc.toString());
-
Element
eRoot
= doc.getRootElement();
-
Element
body
= eRoot.getChild(
"Body", eRoot.getNamespace());
-
Element
resp
= (Element) body.getChildren().get(
0);
-
Element
returnele
= resp.getChild(
"return");
-
returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();
-
}
-
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (Exception e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
log.info(
"发送给系统的请求报文：\n" + soapRequestData.toString());
-
log.info(
"系统返回的响应报文：\n" + sentity);
-
log.info(
"返回给核心的的报文:\n" + returnXml);
-
}
-
return returnXml;
-
}
-
-
-
public String
getServiceUrl
() {
-
return serviceUrl;
-
}
-
-
-
public
void
setServiceUrl
(String serviceUrl) {
-
this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
-
}
-
-
-
public
static
void
main
(String[] args)
throws Exception{
-
File
file
=
new
File(
"D:/test.txt");
-
System.out.println(file.exists());
-
-
String
temp2
=
null;
-
StringBuilder
sb2
=
new
StringBuilder();
-
InputStreamReader
isr
=
new
InputStreamReader(
new
FileInputStream(file),
"GBK");
-
BufferedReader
br
=
new
BufferedReader(isr);
-
temp2 = br.readLine();
-
-
while( temp2 !=
null ){
-
sb2.append(temp2);
-
temp2 = br.readLine();
-
}
-
String
sss
= sb2.toString();
-
// System.out.println(sss.toString());
-
new
DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);
-
}
-
}
-
post提交表单
-
/**
-
* post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求）
-
*/
-
public
void
postForm
() {
-
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
= HttpClients.createDefault();
-
// 创建httppost
-
HttpPost
httppost
=
new
HttpPost(
"http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
-
// 创建参数队列
-
List<NameValuePair> formparams =
new
ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
-
formparams.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"username",
"admin"));
-
formparams.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"password",
"123456"));
-
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
-
try {
-
uefEntity =
new
UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams,
"UTF-8");
-
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
-
System.out.println(
"executing request " + httppost.getURI());
-
CloseableHttpResponse
response
= httpclient.execute(httppost);
-
try {
-
HttpEntity
entity
= response.getEntity();
-
if (entity !=
null) {
-
System.out.println(
"--------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println(
"Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity,
"UTF-8"));
-
System.out.println(
"--------------------------------------");
-
}
-
}
finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
-
e1.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
// 关闭连接,释放资源
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
文件上传
-
/**
-
* 上传文件
-
*/
-
public
void
upload
() {
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
= HttpClients.createDefault();
-
try {
-
HttpPost
httppost
=
new
HttpPost(
"http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
-
-
FileBody
bin
=
new
FileBody(
new
File(
"F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
-
StringBody
comment
=
new
StringBody(
"A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
-
-
HttpEntity
reqEntity
= MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart(
"bin", bin).addPart(
"comment", comment).build();
-
-
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
-
-
System.out.println(
"executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
-
CloseableHttpResponse
response
= httpclient.execute(httppost);
-
try {
-
System.out.println(
"----------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
-
HttpEntity
resEntity
= response.getEntity();
-
if (resEntity !=
null) {
-
System.out.println(
"Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
-
}
-
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
-
}
finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
}
catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
ssl连接
-
/**
-
* HttpClient连接SSL
-
*/
-
public
void
ssl
() {
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
=
null;
-
try {
-
KeyStore
trustStore
= KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
-
FileInputStream
instream
=
new
FileInputStream(
new
File(
"d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
-
try {
-
// 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
-
trustStore.load(instream,
"123456".toCharArray());
-
}
catch (CertificateException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
try {
-
instream.close();
-
}
catch (Exception ignore) {
-
}
-
}
-
// 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书
-
SSLContext
sslcontext
= SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore,
new
TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
-
// 只允许使用TLSv1协议
-
SSLConnectionSocketFactory
sslsf
=
new
SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext,
new
String[] {
"TLSv1" },
null,
-
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
-
httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
-
// 创建http请求(get方式)
-
HttpGet
httpget
=
new
HttpGet(
"https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
-
System.out.println(
"executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
-
CloseableHttpResponse
response
= httpclient.execute(httpget);
-
try {
-
HttpEntity
entity
= response.getEntity();
-
System.out.println(
"----------------------------------------");
-
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
-
if (entity !=
null) {
-
System.out.println(
"Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
-
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
-
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
-
}
-
}
finally {
-
response.close();
-
}
-
}
catch (ParseException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (KeyManagementException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
catch (KeyStoreException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
finally {
-
if (httpclient !=
null) {
-
try {
-
httpclient.close();
-
}
catch (IOException e) {
-
e.printStackTrace();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
关于RequestConfig的配置:
源自:
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000587944
http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/51710945
-
public
void
requestConfig
(){
-
// 新建一个RequestConfig：
-
RequestConfig
defaultRequestConfig
= RequestConfig.custom()
-
//一、连接目标服务器超时时间：ConnectionTimeout-->指的是连接一个url的连接等待时间
-
.setConnectTimeout(
5000)
-
//二、读取目标服务器数据超时时间：SocketTimeout-->指的是连接上一个url，获取response的返回等待时间
-
.setSocketTimeout(
5000)
-
//三、从连接池获取连接的超时时间:ConnectionRequestTimeout
-
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(
5000)
-
.build();
-
-
// 这个超时可以设置为客户端级别,作为所有请求的默认值：
-
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
= HttpClients.custom()
-
.setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
-
.build();
-
// httpclient.execute(httppost);的时候可以让httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默认配置.
-
-
// Request不会继承客户端级别的请求配置，所以在自定义Request的时候，需要将客户端的默认配置拷贝过去：
-
HttpGet
httpget
=
new
HttpGet(
"http://www.apache.org/");
-
RequestConfig
requestConfig
= RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
-
.setProxy(
new
HttpHost(
"myotherproxy",
8080))
-
.build();
-
httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);
-
// httpget可以单独地使用新copy的requestConfig请求配置,不会对别的request请求产生影响
-
}
httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差异
-
//httpPost.abort();//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求,所以个人理应,用这个应该可以在session中虚拟登录
-
//httpPost.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session
可知模拟登录可以如下: 源自 http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390195343
-
package com.bms.core;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
import org.apache.http.Consts;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
-
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
-
-
import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;
-
-
public
class
Test2 {
-
-
/**
-
* @param args
-
* @throws IOException
-
* @throws ClientProtocolException
-
*/
-
public
static
void
main
(String[] args)
throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
-
DefaultHttpClient
httpclient
=
new
DefaultHttpClient();
-
-
HttpGet
httpGet
=
new
HttpGet(
"http://www.baidu.com");
-
String
body
=
"";
-
HttpResponse response;
-
HttpEntity entity;
-
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
-
entity = response.getEntity();
-
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
//这个就是页面源码了
-
httpGet.abort();
//中断请求,接下来可以开始另一段请求
-
System.out.println(body);
-
//httpGet.releaseConnection();//释放请求.如果释放了相当于要清空session
-
//以下是post方法
-
HttpPost
httpPost
=
new
HttpPost(
"http://www.baidu.com");
//一定要改成可以提交的地址,这里用百度代替
-
List <NameValuePair> nvps =
new
ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
-
nvps.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"name",
"1"));
//名值对
-
nvps.add(
new
BasicNameValuePair(
"account",
"xxxx"));
-
httpPost.setEntity(
new
UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));
-
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
-
entity = response.getEntity();
-
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
-
System.out.println(
"Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());
//这个可以打印状态
-
httpPost.abort();
-
System.out.println(body);
-
httpPost.releaseConnection();
-
}
-
-
}
源自 http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529#reply
其它相关资料: 非CloseableHttpClient HTTPClient模块的HttpGet和HttpPost
我项目中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)
-
package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
-
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
-
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
-
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-
import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;
-
-
public
class
HttpClientUtil {
-
-
private
static
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
=
null;
-
-
static
final
int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get(
"maxTotal")).intValue();
//总最大连接数
-
static
final
int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get(
"corePoolSize")).intValue();
//每条线路最大连接数 = 本系统核心线程数 , 这样永远不会超过最大连接
-
-
public
static CloseableHttpClient
getHttpClient
() {
-
-
if (
null == httpclient) {
-
synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {
-
if (
null == httpclient) {
-
httpclient = getNewHttpClient();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
return httpclient;
-
}
-
-
private
static CloseableHttpClient
getNewHttpClient
() {
-
-
-
// 设置连接池
-
ConnectionSocketFactory
plainsf
= PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory
sslsf
= SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register(
"http", plainsf).register(
"https", sslsf).build();
-
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager
cm
=
new
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
-
// 配置最大连接数
-
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
-
// 配置每条线路的最大连接数
-
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
-
-
// 请求重试处理
-
HttpRequestRetryHandler
httpRequestRetryHandler
=
new
HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
-
@Override
-
public
boolean
retryRequest
(IOException exception,
-
int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
-
if (executionCount >=
2) {
// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {
// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试
-
return
true;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
// 不要重试SSL握手异常
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
// 超时
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof UnknownHostException) {
// 目标服务器不可达
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {
// 连接被拒绝
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof SSLException) {
// SSL握手异常
-
return
false;
-
}
-
-
HttpClientContext
clientContext
= HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
-
HttpRequest
request
= clientContext.getRequest();
-
-
if (!(request
instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
-
return
true;
-
}
-
return
false;
-
}
-
-
};
-
-
CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient=
null;
-
-
newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()
-
.setConnectionManager(cm)
-
// .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
-
.setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)
-
.build();
-
-
return newHttpclient;
-
}
-
}
我自己整理的HttpClientTool
-
package com.isoftstone.core.util;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
-
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
-
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
-
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
-
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
-
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
-
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
-
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
-
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
-
-
/**
-
* org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient链接池生成工具
-
* @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html
-
* @author King
-
* @date 20170601
-
*/
-
public
class
HttpClientTool {
-
-
// org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient
-
private
static
CloseableHttpClient
httpclient
=
null;
-
-
// 这里就直接默认固定了,因为以下三个参数在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置并被覆盖.
-
static
final
int
connectionRequestTimeout
=
5000;
// ms毫秒,从池中获取链接超时时间
-
static
final
int
connectTimeout
=
5000;
// ms毫秒,建立链接超时时间
-
static
final
int
socketTimeout
=
30000;
// ms毫秒,读取超时时间
-
-
// 总配置,主要涉及是以下两个参数,如果要作调整没有用到properties会比较后麻烦,但鉴于一经粘贴,随处可用的特点,就不再做依赖性配置化处理了.
-
// 而且这个参数同一家公司基本不会变动.
-
static
final
int
maxTotal
=
500;
// 最大总并发,很重要的参数
-
static
final
int
maxPerRoute
=
100;
// 每路并发,很重要的参数
-
-
// 正常情况这里应该配成MAP或LIST
-
// 细化配置参数,用来对每路参数做精细化处理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如默认配置请求baidu:80端口最大100个并发链接,
-
static
final
String
detailHostName
=
"http://www.baidu.com";
// 每个细化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
-
static
final
int
detailPort
=
80;
// 每个细化配置之port(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
-
static
final
int
detailMaxPerRoute
=
100;
// 每个细化配置之最大并发数(不重要,在特殊场景很有用)
-
-
public
static CloseableHttpClient
getHttpClient
() {
-
if (
null == httpclient) {
-
synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {
-
if (
null == httpclient) {
-
httpclient = init();
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
return httpclient;
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* 链接池初始化 这里最重要的一点理解就是. 让CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界里, 但是HttpPost却一直用完就消掉.
-
* 这样可以让链接一直保持着.
-
*
-
* @return
-
*/
-
private
static CloseableHttpClient
init
() {
-
CloseableHttpClient
newHttpclient
=
null;
-
-
// 设置连接池
-
ConnectionSocketFactory
plainsf
= PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory
sslsf
= SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
-
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register(
"http", plainsf).register(
"https", sslsf).build();
-
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager
cm
=
new
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
-
// 将最大连接数增加
-
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
-
// 将每个路由基础的连接增加
-
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
-
-
// 细化配置开始,其实这里用Map或List的for循环来配置每个链接,在特殊场景很有用.
-
// 将每个路由基础的连接做特殊化配置,一般用不着
-
HttpHost
httpHost
=
new
HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);
-
// 将目标主机的最大连接数增加
-
cm.setMaxPerRoute(
new
HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);
-
// cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),
-
// detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有细化配置2
-
// cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),
-
// detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有细化配置3
-
// 细化配置结束
-
-
// 请求重试处理
-
HttpRequestRetryHandler
httpRequestRetryHandler
=
new
HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
-
@Override
-
public
boolean
retryRequest
(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
-
if (executionCount >=
2) {
// 如果已经重试了2次，就放弃
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {
// 如果服务器丢掉了连接，那么就重试
-
return
true;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {
// 不要重试SSL握手异常
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
// 超时
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof UnknownHostException) {
// 目标服务器不可达
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {
// 连接被拒绝
-
return
false;
-
}
-
if (exception
instanceof SSLException) {
// SSL握手异常
-
return
false;
-
}
-
-
HttpClientContext
clientContext
= HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
-
HttpRequest
request
= clientContext.getRequest();
-
// 如果请求是幂等的，就再次尝试
-
if (!(request
instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
-
return
true;
-
}
-
return
false;
-
}
-
};
-
-
// 配置请求的超时设置
-
RequestConfig
requestConfig
= RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
-
newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
-
return newHttpclient;
-
}
-
}
-
package com.alqsoft.utils;
-
-
-
import java.io.BufferedReader;
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-
import java.net.URI;
-
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-
import java.util.ArrayList;
-
import java.util.List;
-
-
-
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
-
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
-
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
-
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
-
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
-
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
-
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
-