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最全数据结构个人笔记【双向链表-双向循环链表】

1.概念

​ 对链表而言,双向遍历数据节点相较于单向而言方便许多,因此双向链表在实际运用中是最常见的链式形态。

2.双向链表

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1. 基本操操作
  1. 设计节点

    1. 创建数据节点

      // 创建数据节点
      struct node
      {
          dataType data;
          struct node *prev;// 指向上一个节点
          struct node *next;// 指向下一个节点
      };
      2.
      

    2.创建头节点

    // 创建头节点
    struct headNode
    {
        struct node *first; // 指向首节点
        struct node *last; // 指向最后一个节点
        int nodeNumber; // 记录节点数
    };
    
    
    1. 初始化空链表 
    
    // 创建头节点
    struct headNode *create_head()
    {
        // 创建头节点
        struct headNode *head = malloc(sizeof(struct headNode));
        if(head == NULL)
        {
            perror("create head failed:");
            return NULL;
        }
        head->first = NULL;
        head->last = NULL;
        head->nodeNumber = 0;
        return head;
    }
    
    // 创建新节点
    struct node *create_new_node(dataType data)
    {
        struct node *pnew = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
        if(pnew == NULL)
        {
            perror("create new node failed:");
            return NULL;
        }
        pnew->data = data;
        pnew->prev = NULL;
        pnew->next = NULL;
    }
    
    
  2. 增删节点

    struct headNode *add_node_list(struct headNode *head,dataType newData,dataType data)
    {
        // 创建新节点
        struct node *pnew = create_new_node(newData);
        if(pnew == NULL)
            return NULL;
        // 找节点
        struct node *p = head->first;
        while(p)
        {
            if(p->data == data)
                break;
            else
            {
                p = p->next;
            }
        }
        // 如果找的是第一个节点
        if(p->data == head->first->data)
        {
            addHead(pnew,head);
        }
        else if(p == NULL)
        {
            addTail(pnew,head);
        }
        else
        {
           pnew->next = p;
           pnew->prev = p;
           p->prev->next = pnew;
           pnew->prev = pnew; 
        }
        head->nodeNumber++;
        return head;
    }
    
    struct headNode *del_node(struct headNode *head,dataType data)
    {
        // 找节点
        struct node *p = head->first;
        while(p)
        {
            if(p->data == data)
                break;
            else
                p = p->next;
        }
        // 如果是第一个节点
        if(head->first->data == data)
        {
            head->first->next->prev = head->first;
            head->first = p->next;
            p->next = NULL;
            p->prev = NULL;
            free(p);
        }
        else if(p->data == head->last->data)
        {
            p->prev->next = NULL;
            p->prev = NULL;
            free(p);
        }
        else if(p == NULL)
        {
            printf("没有可删除的节点\n");
        }
        else
        {
            p->next->prev = p->prev;
            p->prev->next = p->next;
            p->prev = NULL;
            p->next = NULL;
            free(p);
        }
        head->nodeNumber--;
        return head;
    }
    
  3. 链表遍历

    void showList(struct headNode *head)
    {
        for(struct node *p = head->first;p != head->last->next;p = p->next)
        {
            printf("%d\t",p->data);
        }
        printf("\n");
        printf("节点数为:%d\n",head->nodeNumber);
    }
    

5.销毁节点

// 销毁链表
struct headNode * distory_list(struct headNode *head)
{
    if(isEmpty(head))
        return false;
    
    // 逐一删除节点
    struct node *p = NULL;
    for(struct node *tmp = head->first;tmp != NULL; tmp = p)
    {
        p = tmp->next;
        free(tmp);
        head->nodeNumber--;
    }
    return head;
}
Demo 双向链表
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

typedef int dataType;

// 节点
struct node
{
    dataType data;
    struct node *pre;  // 指向前驱节点
    struct node *next; // 指向后继节点
};

// 链表管理结构体
struct headNode
{
    struct node *first;
    struct node *last;
    int nodeNumber;
};

struct node *create_node(dataType data);
void show_list(struct headNode *head);
bool isEmpty(struct headNode *head);

// 初始化头节点
struct headNode *init_headNode(void)
{
    struct headNode *head = malloc(sizeof(struct headNode));
    if (head == NULL)
        return NULL;

    head->first = NULL;
    head->last = NULL;
    head->nodeNumber = 0;

    return head;
}

// 尾插
void add_tail(struct headNode *head, struct node *pnew)
{

    head->last->next = pnew;
    pnew->pre = head->last;
    head->last = pnew;
}

// 头插
void add_head(struct headNode *head, struct node *pnew)
{
    pnew->next = head->first;
    head->first->pre = pnew;
    head->first = pnew;
}

/*
 * insert_node : 插入节点
 * 参数:
 *   head  :   链表管理结构体
 *   OldDate  : 待更新旧数据
 *   newData  : 新数据
 * 返回值:
 *    无
 */
void insert_node(struct headNode *head, dataType OldDate, dataType NewDate)
{
    struct node *pnew = create_node(NewDate);
    if (pnew == NULL)
        return;
    struct node *cur = head->first;
    // 找位置
    while (cur)
    {
        if (cur->data == OldDate)
            break;
        else
            cur = cur->next;
    }

    if (cur == NULL) // 没找到,添加到尾部
        add_tail(head, pnew);
    else if (cur->data == head->first->data) // 在头部插入
        add_head(head, pnew);
    else
    { // 在中间插入
        pnew->next = cur;
        pnew->pre = cur->pre;
        cur->pre->next = pnew;
        cur->pre = pnew;
    }

    head->nodeNumber++;
}

/*
 * delete_node : 删除节点
 * 参数:
 *   head  :   链表管理结构体
 *   data  : 待删除数据
 * 返回值:
 *    无
 */
void delete_node(struct headNode *head, dataType data)
{
    if (isEmpty(head))
    {
        printf("此表为空!\n");
        return;
    }
    struct node *cur = head->first;
    while (cur != NULL)
    {
        if (cur->data == data)
        {
            if(cur == head->first && cur == head->last)
            {
                head->first = NULL;
                head->last =NULL;
            }
            else if(cur == head->first)
            {
                head->first = cur->next;
                head->first->pre = NULL;
            }
            else if (cur == head->last)
            {
                head->last = cur->pre;
                head->last->next = NULL;
            }
            else
            {
                cur->pre->next = cur->next;
                cur->next->pre = cur->pre;
            }
            
            free(cur);
            head->nodeNumber--;
            return;
        }
        
        cur = cur->next;
    }
}

/*
* renew_node : 更新节点
* 参数:
*   head  :   链表管理结构体
*   OldDate  : 待更新旧数据
*   newData  : 新数据
* 返回值:
*    无
*/
void  renew_node(struct headNode *head, dataType OldDate, dataType NewDate)
{
    if (isEmpty(head))
    {
        printf("此表为空\n");
        return;
    }

    struct node *p = head->first;
    while (p!=NULL)
    {
        if(p->data == OldDate)
        {
            p->data = NewDate;
            return;
        }
        else
            p = p->next;
    }

    

}

// 创建双向链表
struct headNode *create_list(void)
{
    // 初始化头节点
    struct headNode *head = init_headNode();
    if (head == NULL)
        return NULL;

    while (1)
    {
        dataType data;
        if (scanf("%d", &data) == 0)
            break;

        // 创建新节点
        struct node *pnew = create_node(data);
        if (pnew == NULL)
            return NULL;

        if (head->first == NULL)
        {
            head->first = pnew;
            head->last = pnew;
        }
        else
        {
// 尾插
#if 0
            add_tail(head,pnew);
#else
            // 头插法
            add_head(head, pnew);
#endif
        }
        head->nodeNumber++;
    }

    return head;
}
// 判断为空
bool isEmpty(struct headNode *head)
{
    return head->nodeNumber == 0;
}

// 显示
void show_list(struct headNode *head)
{
    if (isEmpty(head))
    {
        printf("此表为空!\n");
        return;
    }
    struct node *cur = head->first;
    while (cur)
    {
        printf("%d\t", cur->data);
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}
// 创建节点
struct node *create_node(dataType data)
{
    struct node *pnew = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
    if (pnew == NULL)
        return NULL;

    pnew->data = data;
    pnew->next = NULL;
    pnew->pre = NULL;

    return pnew;
}


/*
* destroy_list : 销毁链表
* 参数:
*   head  :   链表管理结构体
* 返回值:
*    无
*/
void destroy_list(struct headNode *head)
{
    if (isEmpty(head))
    {
        printf("此表已经为空!\n");
        return;
    }
    struct node *cur = head->first;
    
    while(cur!=NULL)
    {
        struct node *p = cur->next;
        free(cur);
        cur = p;
        head->nodeNumber--;
    }
    head->first = NULL;
    head->last = NULL;
}


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    struct headNode *head = create_list();
    if (head == NULL)
    {
        perror("create list failed:");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("原始数据:\n");
    show_list(head);

    insert_node(head, 2, 888);
    printf("将数据888插入:\n");
    show_list(head);

    delete_node(head,3);
    printf("将数据3删除:\n");
    show_list(head);

    renew_node(head,4,99999);
    printf("将数据4改为99999:\n");
    show_list(head);

    destroy_list(head);
    show_list(head);
    return 0;
}

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3.双向循环链表

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// 如果还有节点,首尾相连
if(head->nodeNumber != 0)
{
    head->last->next = head->first;
    head->first->prev = head->last;
}

4.适用场合

经过单向链表、双向链表的学习,可以总结链表的适用场合:
	1.适合用于节点数目不固定,动态变化较大的场合
	2.适合用于节点需要频繁插入,删除的场合
	3.适合用于对节点查找效率不十分敏感的场合

作业1:

1.实现循环链表删除节点

2.判断链表是否有环

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附加题:合并两个链表,按从小到大排序(拆链表,比较节点,插入节点到新链表)

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