VsCode中搭建 Rt-Thread 开发环境（编译，调试，下载）

文章目录

VsCode中搭建 Rt-Thread 开发环境（编译，调试，下载）

一 . 下载rt-thread源码

git clone https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread.git

二. 安装env脚本环境

在Powershell执行以下命令

wget https://gitee.com/RT-Thread-Mirror/env/raw/master/install_windows.ps1 -O install_windows.ps1
set-executionpolicy remotesigned
.\install_windows.ps1 --gitee

Powershell要以管理员身份运行。
将其设置为 remotesigned 后，您可以作为普通用户运行 PowerShell。（ After setting it to remotesigned, you can run PowerShell as a normal user.）
一定要关闭杀毒软件，否则安装过程可能会被杀毒软件强退

三 . 配置工具链

3.1 使用 SDK方式下载工具链arm-none-eabi-gcc

使用 ~/.env/env.psl 激活env环境，第一次需要加载.

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

3.1.1 下载工具链

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

输入命令 sdk，会弹出如下界面，使用回车选中我们下载的工具链：arm-none-eabi-gcc toolchain

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

保存后退出，开始自动下载工具链。

如下：下载成功

Using default symbol values (no '.config')
Configuration saved to '.config'
[Use Gitee server - auto decision based on timezone]
Package was NOT found on mirror server. Using a non-mirrored address to download.
downloading arm-gnu-toolchain-13.2.rel1-mingw-w64-i686-arm-none-eabi.zip ...
100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 364M/364M [29:48<00:00, 204kB/s]
100%|████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 8563/8563 [01:21<00:00, 104.94it/s]
==============================>  ARM_NONE_EABI_GCC v13.2.rel1 is downloaded successfully.
Operation completed successfully.
(.venv) PS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master>
(.venv) PS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master>

3.1.2 测试工具链

原理：scons在sdk中自动探测工具链并进行使用下载的工具链

进入rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\stm32f407-rt-spark 目录使用 scons 进行编译

(.venv) PS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\stm32f407-rt-spark> scons
scons: Reading SConscript files ...
C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\stm32f407-rt-spark\rtconfig.py:80: SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence '\l'
  LFLAGS = DEVICE + ' --scatter "board\linker_scripts\link.sct" --info sizes --info totals --info unused --info veneers --list rt-thread.map --strict'
set CC to C:\Users\RTT\.env\tools\scripts\packages\arm-none-eabi-gcc-v13.2.rel1\bin
Newlib version: 4.3.0
scons: done reading SConscript files.
scons: Building targets ...
scons: building associated VariantDir targets: build
CC build\applications\main.o
CC build\board\board.o
CC build\board\CubeMX_Config\Src\stm32f4xx_hal_msp.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\core\device.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_bit_ops.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_core.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_dev.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\completion_comm.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\completion_up.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\condvar.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\dataqueue.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\pipe.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\ringblk_buf.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\ringbuffer.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\waitqueue.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\workqueue.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\misc\rt_drv_pwm.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\pin\dev_pin.o

CC C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\libraries\HAL_Drivers\drivers\drv_gpio.o
CC C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\libraries\HAL_Drivers\drivers\drv_usart.o
AS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\libraries\STM32F4xx_HAL\CMSIS\Device\ST\STM32F4xx\Source\Templates\gcc\startup_stm32f407xx.o
LINK rt-thread.elf
Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
            CODE:       69876 B         1 MB      6.66%
            RAM1:        5372 B       128 KB      4.10%
            RAM2:          0 GB        64 KB      0.00%
MCUlcdgrambysram:          0 GB         1 MB      0.00%
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex rt-thread.elf rtthread.hex
arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  69876    1196    4172   75244   125ec rt-thread.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary rt-thread.elf rtthread.bin
arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  69876    1196    4172   75244   125ec rt-thread.elf
scons: done building targets.

3.2 使用Keil MDK的编译器ARMCLANG

3.2.1 修改rtconfig.py

修改rt-thread/bsp/stm32/stm32f407-rt-spark/rtconfig.py

1.修改为CROSS_TOOL = ‘keil’ 如图所示

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

2.修改PLATFORM = ‘armclang’ ,修改 EXEC_PATH 为你keil安装的目录

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

3.2.2 修改building.py

修改rt-thread/tools/building.py

将 env[‘ASCOM’]= env[‘ASPPCOM’] 注释掉

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

四 . 测试环境

每次打开终端需要执行 ~/.env/env.ps1 以激活环境变量。

4.1 Powershell 中测试环境

4.1.1 在Powershell中编译工程

使用 scons 命令进行编译

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

4.1.2 在Powershell中生成Keil MDK的工程

使用 scons --target=mdk5 生成Keil MDK 工程

在这里插入图片描述

4.2 在vscode中测试环境

4.2.1 使用gcc-arm-none-eabi在vscode中编译工程

如何配置使用gcc-arm-none-eabi工具链在上一章已经介绍了，不懂的话可以看上一章。

使用 scons 命令进行编译

输出部分结果如下：

PS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\rt\rt-thread-master\bsp\stm32\stm32f407-rt-spark> scons   
scons: Reading SConscript files ...
set CC to C:\Users\RTT\.env\tools\scripts\packages\arm-none-eabi-gcc-v13.2.rel1\bin
Newlib version: 4.3.0
scons: done reading SConscript files.
scons: Building targets ...
scons: building associated VariantDir targets: build
CC build\applications\main.o
CC build\board\board.o
CC build\board\CubeMX_Config\Src\stm32f4xx_hal_msp.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\core\device.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_bit_ops.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_core.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_dev.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\completion_comm.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\completion_up.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\condvar.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\dataqueue.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\pipe.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\ringblk_buf.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\ringbuffer.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\waitqueue.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\ipc\workqueue.o

CC build\applications\main.o
LINK rt-thread.elf
Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
            CODE:       81524 B         1 MB      7.77%
            RAM1:        5444 B       128 KB      4.15%
            RAM2:          0 GB        64 KB      0.00%
MCUlcdgrambysram:          0 GB         1 MB      0.00%
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex rt-thread.elf rtthread.hex
arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  81524    1972    3468   86964   153b4 rt-thread.elf
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary rt-thread.elf rtthread.bin
arm-none-eabi-size rt-thread.elf
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  81524    1972    3468   86964   153b4 rt-thread.elf
scons: done building targets.

4.2.2 使用ARMCLANG在vscode中编译工程

如何配置使用 ARMCLANG 在上一章已经介绍了，不懂的话可以看上一章。

使用 scons 进行编译部分输出信息如下：

(.venv) PS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\1\rt-thread\bsp\stm32\stm32f407-rt-spark> scons
scons: Reading SConscript files ...
scons: done reading SConscript files.
scons: Building targets ...
scons: building associated VariantDir targets: build
CC build\applications\main.o
CC build\board\board.o
CC build\board\CubeMX_Config\Src\stm32f4xx_hal_msp.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\core\device.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_bit_ops.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_core.o
CC build\kernel\components\drivers\i2c\dev_i2c_dev.o

AS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\1\rt-thread\bsp\stm32\libraries\STM32F4xx_HAL\CMSIS\Device\ST\STM32F4xx\Source\Templates\arm\startup_stm32f407xx.o
Warning: A1950W: The legacy armasm assembler is deprecated. Consider using the armclang integrated assembler instead.
0 Errors, 1 Warning
LINK rt-thread.axf
fromelf --bin rt-thread.axf --output rtthread.bin
fromelf -z rt-thread.axf

========================================================================

** Object/Image Component Sizes

      Code (inc. data)   RO Data    RW Data    ZI Data      Debug   Object Name

     50150       5652       9386        776       3536     416033   rt-thread.axf (uncompressed)
     50150       5652       9386        264       3536     416033   rt-thread.axf (compressed)
         0          0          4          0          0          0   (incl. padding)
     50150       5652       9386        264          0          0   ROM Totals for rt-thread.axf
scons: done building targets.

4.2.3 在vscode中生成 Keil MDK 工程

使用 scons --target=mdk5 生成Keil MDK 工程

输出信息如下：

(.venv) PS C:\Users\RTT\Desktop\1\rt-thread\bsp\stm32\stm32f407-rt-spark> scons --target=mdk5
scons: Reading SConscript files ...
Keil5 project is generating...
Keil Version: MDK Plus 5.39/Arm Compiler for Embedded 6.21/armlink [5ec1fa00]
Keil-MDK project has generated successfully!

五. vscode中调试程序

5.1 安装Cortex-Debug

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

5.2 配置launch.json文件

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Cortex Debug",
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "executable": "./rt-thread.elf",	//调试文件
            "request": "launch",
            "type": "cortex-debug",				//调试方式
            "runToEntryPoint": "Reset_Handler",
            "servertype": "jlink",				//类型
            "serverpath": "D:/jlink/JLink_V798e/JLinkGDBServerCL.exe",	//jink 路径
            "device": "STM32F407ZG",			//设备类型
            "gdbPath": "D:/gcc-arm-none/10 2021.10/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb.exe",	//gdb 路径
            "armToolchainPath": "D:/gcc-arm-none/10 2021.10/bin"		//工具链路径
        }
    ]
}

5.3 调试开始

使用F5快捷键即可启动调试

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

六. vscode中下载程序

6.1 添加jlink到环境变量

将Jlink安装路径添加进环境变量（使vscode中能找到jlink路径）

在这里插入图片描述

6.2 安装pylink库

python调用jlink时需要用到

使用命令： pip install pylink-square 安装pylink库
在这里插入图片描述

6.3 增加download_flash.py

在目录下新建download_flash.py文件，该文件是下载程序的脚本

在这里插入图片描述

download_flash.py脚本内容如下：

import os
import pylink

def download_program():
    link = pylink.JLink()
    try:
        #连接JLlink设备
        link.open()
        #选择芯片和下载方式
        link.set_tif(pylink.enums.JLinkInterfaces.SWD)
        link.connect('STM32F407ZG')
        #擦除程序
        #link.erase()
        #下载并烧入程序
        link.flash_file("./rtthread.hex",0)
    finally:
        #关闭与JLink的连接
        link.close()
        
download_program()

6.4 下载程序

执行指令下载程序

python download_flash.py

结果如下图：

在这里插入图片描述