CSS选择器
这是另一种与find_all()方法有异曲同工的查找方法,写CSS时,标签名不加任何修饰,类名前加.,id名前加#。
在这里我们也可以利用类似的方法来筛选元素,用到的方法是soup.select(),返回的类型是list。
(1)通过标签名查找#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("title"))
print(soup.select("b"))
print(soup.select("a"))
运行结果[
The Dormouse's story][The Dormouse's story]
[,
href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie
,id="link3">Tillie
](2)通过类名查找#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select(".title"))
运行结果[
The Dormouse's story
](3)通过id名查找#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("#link1"))
运行结果[
The Dormouse's story
](4)组合查找#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("p #link1"))
运行结果[]
(5)属性查找
查找时还可以加入属性元素,属性需要用中括号括起来,注意属性和标签属于同一节点,所以中间不能加空格,否则会无法匹配到。#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("a[class='sister']"))
运行结果[,
href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie
,id="link3">Tillie
]同样,属性仍然可以与上述查找方式组合,不在同一节点的空格隔开,同一节点的不加空格。#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("p a[class='sister']"))
运行结果[,
href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie
,id="link3">Tillie
](6)获取内容
以上的select()方法返回的结果都是列表形式,可以遍历形式输出,然后用get_text()方法来获取它的内容。#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's storyThe Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("p a[class='sister']"))
for item in soup.select("p a[class='sister']"):
print(item.get_text())
运行结果[,
href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie
,Tillie]
Lacie
Tillie
注意:为注释内容,未输出