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多线程并发服务器

并发

        同时拥有两个或者多个线程,如果程序在单核处理器上运行,多个线程将交替的换入或者换出内存,这些线程是同时“存在”的。
        每个线程都处于执行过程中的某个状态,如果运行在多核处理器上,此时,程序中的每个线程都将分配到一个处理器核上,因此可以同时运行。

高并发

        高并发是互联网分布式系统架构设计中必须考虑的因素之一,它通常是指,通过设计保证系统能够 同时并行处理 很多请求

pthread_create函数

创建一个新线程,并行的执行任务。

#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);

返回值:成功:0; 失败:错误号。

参数:

pthread_t:当前Linux中可理解为:typedef  unsigned long int  pthread_t;

参数1:传出参数,保存系统为我们分配好的线程ID

参数2:通常传NULL,表示使用线程默认属性。若想使用具体属性也可以修改该参数。

参数3:函数指针,指向线程主函数(线程体),该函数运行结束,则线程结束。

参数4:线程主函数执行期间所使用的参数。

        在一个线程中调用pthread_create()创建新的线程后,当前线程从pthread_create()返回继续往下执行,而新的线程所执行的代码由我们传给pthread_create的函数指针start_routine决定。start_routine函数接收一个参数,是通过pthread_create的arg参数传递给它的,该参数的类型为void *,这个指针按什么类型解释由调用者自己定义。start_routine的返回值类型也是void *,这个指针的含义同样由调用者自己定义。start_routine返回时,这个线程就退出了,其它线程可以调用pthread_join得到start_routine的返回值,以后再详细介绍pthread_join。pthread_create成功返回后,新创建的线程的id被填写到thread参数所指向的内存单元。

并发回声服务器改造

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>


#define SERVER_PORT 666

void * thread_handleRequest(void* arg);

int main(void){

    int sock;//代表信箱
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;


    //1.美女创建信箱
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    //2.清空标签,写上地址和端口号
    bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;//选择协议族IPV4
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//监听本地所有IP地址
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);//绑定端口号

    //实现标签贴到收信得信箱上
    bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,  sizeof(server_addr));

    //把信箱挂置到传达室,这样,就可以接收信件了
    listen(sock, 128);

    //万事俱备,只等来信
    printf("等待客户端的连接\n");


    int done =1;

    while(done){
        struct sockaddr_in client;
        int client_sock, len;
        char client_ip[64];
        //char buf[256];
        //int  i=0;

        socklen_t  client_addr_len;
        client_addr_len = sizeof(client);
        client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_addr_len);

        //打印客服端IP地址和端口号
        printf("client ip: %s\t port : %d\n",
                 inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr,client_ip,sizeof(client_ip)),
                 ntohs(client.sin_port));
				 
		//启动线程,完成和和客户端的交互
		{
			pthread_t tid;
			int *ptr_int = NULL;
			int err = 0;
			
			ptr_int = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
			*ptr_int = client_sock;
			
			if(err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread_handleRequest, (void*)ptr_int)){
				fprintf(stderr, "Can't create thread, reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
				if(ptr_int) free(ptr_int);
			}
			
		}
		
        /*读取客户端发送的数据*/
        /*len = read(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
        buf[len] = '\0';
        printf("receive[%d]: %s\n", len, buf);

        //转换成大写
        for(i=0; i<len; i++){
            //if(buf[i]>='a' && buf[i]<='z'){
            //    buf[i] = buf[i] - 32;
            //}
            buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
        }


        len = write(client_sock, buf, len);

        printf("finished. len: %d\n", len);
        close(client_sock);
		*/
	}
	close(sock);
    return 0;
}

void * thread_handleRequest(void* arg){
	int client_sock = *(int *)arg;
	char buf[256];
    int  i=0;
	
	int len = read(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
    buf[len] = '\0';
    printf("receive[%d]: %s\n", len, buf);

    //转换成大写
    for(i=0; i<len; i++){
        //if(buf[i]>='a' && buf[i]<='z'){
        //    buf[i] = buf[i] - 32;
        //}
        buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
    }

    len = write(client_sock, buf, len);

    printf("finished. len: %d\n", len);
    close(client_sock);
		
	if(arg) free(arg);
}

  并发Mini http 服务器改造

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define SERVER_PORT 80

static int debug = 1;

int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size);
void* do_http_request(void *client_sock);
void do_http_response(int client_sock, const char *path);
int  headers(int client_sock, FILE *resource);
void cat(int client_sock, FILE *resource);

void not_found(int client_sock);//404 
void unimplemented(int client_sock);//500
void bad_request(int client_sock); //400
void inner_error(int client_sock);

int main(void){

    int sock;//代表信箱
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;


    //1.美女创建信箱
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    //2.清空标签,写上地址和端口号
    bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;//选择协议族IPV4
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//监听本地所有IP地址
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);//绑定端口号

    //实现标签贴到收信得信箱上
    bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,  sizeof(server_addr));

    //把信箱挂置到传达室,这样,就可以接收信件了
    listen(sock, 128);

    //万事俱备,只等来信
    printf("等待客户端的连接\n");


    int done =1;

    while(done){
        struct sockaddr_in client;
        int client_sock, len, i;
        char client_ip[64];
        char buf[256];
		pthread_t id;
		int* pclient_sock = NULL;

        socklen_t  client_addr_len;
        client_addr_len = sizeof(client);
        client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_addr_len);

        //打印客服端IP地址和端口号
        printf("client ip: %s\t port : %d\n",
                 inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr,client_ip,sizeof(client_ip)),
                 ntohs(client.sin_port));
				 
				 
        /*处理http 请求,读取客户端发送的数据*/
        //do_http_request(client_sock);
		
		//启动线程处理http 请求
		pclient_sock = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
		*pclient_sock = client_sock;
		
		pthread_create(&id, NULL, do_http_request, (void *)pclient_sock);
		
		//close(client_sock);

    }
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}


void* do_http_request(void* pclient_sock){
	int len = 0;
	char buf[256];
	char method[64];
	char url[256];
	char path[256];
	int client_sock = *(int *)pclient_sock;
	
	struct stat  st;
	
	
	/*读取客户端发送的http 请求*/
	
	
	//1.读取请求行
	len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
	
	if(len > 0){//读到了请求行
		int i=0, j=0;
		while(!isspace(buf[j]) && (i<sizeof(method)-1)){
			method[i] = buf[j];
			i++;
			j++;
		}
		
		method[i] = '\0';
		if(debug) printf("request method: %s\n", method);
		
		if(strncasecmp(method, "GET", i)==0){ //只处理get请求
	        if(debug) printf("method = GET\n");
		
		    //获取url
		    while(isspace(buf[j++]));//跳过白空格
		    i = 0;
		
		    while(!isspace(buf[j]) && (i<sizeof(url)-1)){
			    url[i] = buf[j];
			    i++;
			    j++;
		    }
		
		    url[i] = '\0';
		
		    if(debug) printf("url: %s\n", url);
			
			//继续读取http 头部
		    do{
			    len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
			    if(debug) printf("read: %s\n", buf);
			
		    }while(len>0);
			
			//***定位服务器本地的html文件***
			
			//处理url 中的?
			{
				char *pos = strchr(url, '?');
				if(pos){
					*pos = '\0';
					printf("real url: %s\n", url);
				}
			}
			
			sprintf(path, "./html_docs/%s", url);
			if(debug) printf("path: %s\n", path);
			
			//执行http 响应
			//判断文件是否存在,如果存在就响应200 OK,同时发送相应的html 文件,如果不存在,就响应 404 NOT FOUND.
			if(stat(path, &st)==-1){//文件不存在或是出错
				fprintf(stderr, "stat %s failed. reason: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
			    not_found(client_sock);
			}else {//文件存在
			
			    if(S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)){
					strcat(path, "/index.html");
				}
				
				do_http_response(client_sock, path);	
			}
	    }else {//非get请求, 读取http 头部,并响应客户端 501 	Method Not Implemented
			fprintf(stderr, "warning! other request [%s]\n", method);
			do{
			    len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
			    if(debug) printf("read: %s\n", buf);
			
		    }while(len>0);
			
			unimplemented(client_sock);   //请求未实现
			
		}	
	}else {//请求格式有问题,出错处理
		bad_request(client_sock);   //在响应时再实现
	}
	
	close(client_sock);
	if(pclient_sock) free(pclient_sock);//释放动态分配的内存
	
	return NULL;
}


void do_http_response(int client_sock, const char *path){
	int ret = 0;
	FILE *resource = NULL;
	
	resource = fopen(path, "r");
	
	if(resource == NULL){
		not_found(client_sock);
		return ;
	}
	
	//1.发送http 头部
	ret = headers(client_sock, resource);
	
	//2.发送http body .
	if(!ret){
	    cat(client_sock, resource);
	}
	
	fclose(resource);
}

/****************************
 *返回关于响应文件信息的http 头部
 *输入: 
 *     client_sock - 客服端socket 句柄
 *     resource    - 文件的句柄 
 *返回值: 成功返回0 ,失败返回-1
******************************/
int  headers(int client_sock, FILE *resource){
	struct stat st;
	int fileid = 0;
	char tmp[64];
	char buf[1024]={0};
	strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
	strcat(buf, "Server: Martin Server\r\n");
	strcat(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
	strcat(buf, "Connection: Close\r\n");
	
	fileid = fileno(resource);
	
	if(fstat(fileid, &st)== -1){
		inner_error(client_sock);
		return -1;
	}
	
	snprintf(tmp, 64, "Content-Length: %ld\r\n\r\n", st.st_size);
	strcat(buf, tmp);
	
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, "header: %s\n", buf);
	
	if(send(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0)<0){
		fprintf(stderr, "send failed. data: %s, reason: %s\n", buf, strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

/****************************
 *说明:实现将html文件的内容按行
        读取并送给客户端
 ****************************/
void cat(int client_sock, FILE *resource){
	char buf[1024];
	
    fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
	
	while(!feof(resource)){
		int len = write(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf));
		
		if(len<0){//发送body 的过程中出现问题,怎么办?1.重试? 2.
			fprintf(stderr, "send body error. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
			break;
		}
		
		if(debug) fprintf(stdout, "%s", buf);
		fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
		
	}
}


void do_http_response1(int client_sock){
    const char *main_header = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nServer: Martin Server\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nConnection: Close\r\n";


    const char * welcome_content = "\
<html lang=\"zh-CN\">\n\
<head>\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\n\
<title>This is a test</title>\n\
</head>\n\
<body>\n\
<div align=center height=\"500px\" >\n\
<br/><br/><br/>\n\
<h2>大家好,欢迎来到奇牛学院VIP 试听课!</h2><br/><br/>\n\
<form action=\"commit\" method=\"post\">\n\
尊姓大名: <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" />\n\
<br/>芳龄几何: <input type=\"password\" name=\"age\" />\n\
<br/><br/><br/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"提交\" />\n\
<input type=\"reset\" value=\"重置\" />\n\
</form>\n\
</div>\n\
</body>\n\
</html>";

	//1. 发送main_header
	int len = write(client_sock, main_header, strlen(main_header));
	
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, "... do_http_response...\n");
    if(debug) fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, main_header);
	
	//2. 生成Content-Length 
	char send_buf[64];
	int wc_len = strlen(welcome_content);
	len = snprintf(send_buf, 64, "Content-Length: %d\r\n\r\n", wc_len);
	len = write(client_sock, send_buf, len);
	
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, send_buf);
	
	len = write(client_sock, welcome_content, wc_len);
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, welcome_content);


}



//返回值: -1 表示读取出错, 等于0表示读到一个空行, 大于0 表示成功读取一行
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size){
	int count = 0;
	char ch = '\0';
	int len = 0;
	
	
	while( (count<size - 1) && ch!='\n'){
		len = read(sock, &ch, 1);
		
		if(len == 1){
			if(ch == '\r'){
				continue;
			}else if(ch == '\n'){
				//buf[count] = '\0';
				break;
			}
			
			//这里处理一般的字符
			buf[count] = ch;
			count++;
			
		}else if( len == -1 ){//读取出错
			perror("read failed");
			count = -1;
			break;
		}else {// read 返回0,客户端关闭sock 连接.
			fprintf(stderr, "client close.\n");
			count = -1;
			break;
		}
	}
	
	if(count >= 0) buf[count] = '\0';
	
	return count;
}


void not_found(int client_sock){
	const char * reply = "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML lang=\"zh-CN\">\r\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>NOT FOUND</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
	<P>文件不存在!\r\n\
    <P>The server could not fulfill your request because the resource specified is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";

	int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, reply);
	
	if(len <=0){
		fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}
	
	
}

void unimplemented(int client_sock){
	const char * reply = "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML>\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>Method Not Implemented</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
    <P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";

	int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, reply);
	
	if(len <=0){
		fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}
}

void bad_request(client_sock){
    const char * reply = "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML>\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>BAD REQUEST</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
    <P>Your browser sent a bad request!\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";

    int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
    if(len<=0){
        fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    }	
}


void inner_error(int client_sock){
	const char * reply = "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Sever Error\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML lang=\"zh-CN\">\r\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>Inner Error</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
    <P>服务器内部出错.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";

	int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
	if(debug) fprintf(stdout, reply);
	
	if(len <=0){
		fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}
	
	
}

;