selenium的使用

基本使用

1.创建浏览器对象并且加载页面

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')

2. 基本配置

from selenium import webdriver
# 创建设置对象
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 设置取消测试环境
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
# 设置取消图片加载
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2})
# 设置配置
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

3. 基本使用

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
     brower.get('https://www.baidu.com')
     # 获取标签
     input = brower.find_element_by_id('kw')
     # 操作标签
     input.send_keys('Python')
     input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
     # 等待指定标签加载成功
     wait = WebDriverWait(brower, 10)
     wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'wrapper')))
    
     # 获取相关信息
     print(brower.current_url)
     print(brower.get_cookies())
     print(brower.page_source)
 except:
     print('异常！')
     brower.close()

4. 创建浏览器对象

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower = webdriver.Firefox()
brower = webdriver.Edge()
brower = webdriver.PhantomJS()
brower = webdriver.Safari()

5. 访问网页

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get('https://www.taobao.com')
print(brower.page_source)
brower.close()

6. 查找单个元素

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input_frist = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q')
input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')
print(input_frist)
print(input_second)
print(input_third)
browser.close()

7.查找多个元素

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
lis = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.service-bd li')
print(lis)
browser.close()

8. 元素交互动作 - 对获取的元素调用交互方法

from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
input = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
input.send_keys('iPhone')
time.sleep(1)
input.clear()
input.send_keys('iPad')
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
button.click()

9. 交互动作 - 将动作添加到动作链中串行执行

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable')
# 创建动作连对象
actions = ActionChains(browser)
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target)
actions.perform()    # 开始执行动作链的动作

10. 执行JavaScript

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')

11. 获取元素信息

# 获取属性
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
logo = browser.find_element_by_id('special')
print(logo)
# 获取指定属性的值
print(logo.get_attribute('class'))

# 获取文本值
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('Button--blue')
print(button.text)

# 获取ID、位置、标签名、大小
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('Button--blue')
# 获取ID
print(input.id)
# 获取位置
print(input.location)
# 标签名
print(input.tag_name)
# 大小
print(input.size)

12. 等待

隐式等待
当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候，如果webDriver没有在DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，
超出设定时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常，换句话说，当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候,隐式等待
将等待一段时间再查找DOM，默认的时间是0

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.implicitly_wait(10)    # 等待10秒钟
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(input)

显示等待
等到满足某个条件成立

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
# 等待指定元素加载成功
input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'q')))
button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-search')))
print(input, button)

10. 前进后退

import time
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')
browser.get('https://www.jd.com/')
browser.back()
time.sleep(1)
browser.forward()
browser.close()

11. Cookies

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://maoyan.com/board/4?offset=0')
# 获取cookie
print(browser.get_cookies())
print()
# 设置cookie
browser.add_cookie({'name': '小明', 'domain': 'www.zhihu,com', 'value': 'germey'})
print(browser.get_cookies())
print()
browser.delete_all_cookies()
print(browser.get_cookies())
browser.close()

12. 选项卡

from selenium import webdriver
import time

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles)
# browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
time.sleep(1)
# browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[0])
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')