Bootstrap

AJAX,案例,Axios 异步框架,JSON

目录

1.AJAX

1.AJAX作用:

 2.同步与异步

 AJAX 快速入门

2.案例

代码

java--后端实现

html--前端

3.Axios 异步框架

 Axios 请求方式别名

4.JSON

 JSON 基础语法

 JSON 数据和Java对象转换

5.查询和新增的案例 

1.查询所有

 代码

2.新增


1.AJAX

概念:AJAX(Asynchronous JavaScript And XML):异步的 JavaScript 和 XML

1.AJAX作用:

1.与服务器进行数据交换:通过AJAX可以给服务器发送请求,并获取服务器响应的数据

使用了AJAX和服务器进行通信,就可以使用 HTML+AJAX来替换JSP页面了

 2.异步交互:可以在不重新加载整个页面的情况下,与服务器交换数据并更新部分网页的技术,如:搜索联想、用户名是否可用校验,等等…

 2.同步与异步

在网页中异步请求

 

  

 AJAX 快速入门

 在代码中分析:

2.案例

需求:在完成用户注册时,当用户名输入框失去焦点时,校验用户名是否在数据库已存在

 

代码

java--后端实现

package com.itheima.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ajaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 接收用户名
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        //2. 调用service查询User对象,此处不进行业务逻辑处理,直接给 flag 赋值为 true,表明用户名占用
        boolean flag = true;
        //3. 响应标记
        response.getWriter().write("" + flag);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

html--前端

1.给用户名输入框绑定失去焦点事件 onblur

 //1. 给用户名输入框绑定 失去焦点事件
    document.getElementById("username").onblur = function () {

}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<script>
    //1. 给用户名输入框绑定 失去焦点事件
    document.getElementById("username").onblur = function () {
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        // 获取用户名的值
        var username = this.value;

        //2.1. 创建核心对象
        var xhttp;
        if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
            xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        } else {
            // code for IE6, IE5
            xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        //2.2. 发送请求
        xhttp.open("GET", "http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/selectUserServlet?username="+username);
        xhttp.send();

        //2.3. 获取响应
        xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
            if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
                //alert(this.responseText);
                //判断
                if(this.responseText == "true"){
                    //用户名存在,显示提示信息
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = '';
                }else {
                    //用户名不存在 ,清楚提示信息
                    document.getElementById("username_err").style.display = 'none';
                }
            }
        };
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

3.Axios 异步框架

Axios 对原生的AJAX进行封装,简化书写

官网:https://www.axios-http.cn 

Axios  需要添加源文件

 Axios 请求方式别名

 get中:

 axios.get("http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet?username=zhangsan")
        .then(function (resp) {
        alert(resp.data);
    })

post中: 

axios.post("http://localhost:8080/ajax-demo/axiosServlet","username=zhangsan")
   .then(function (resp) {
        alert(resp.data);
    })

4.JSON

概念:JavaScript Object Notation。JavaScript 对象表示法

由于其语法简单,层次结构鲜明,现多用于作为数据载体,在网络中进行数据传输

 JSON 基础语法

演示: axios 是一个很强大的工具。我们只需要将需要提交的参数封装成 js 对象,并将该 js 对象作为 axios 的 data 属性值进行,它会自动将 js 对象转换为 JSON 串进行提交

 JSON 数据和Java对象转换

工具

1.Fastjson是阿里巴巴提供的一个Java语言编写的高性能功能完善的JSON库,是目前Java语言中最快的JSON库,可以实现Java对象和JSON字符串的相互转换。 

使用:

1. 导入坐标:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.62</version>
</dependency>

2.Java对象转JSON:

String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(obj);

3.JSON字符串转Java对象

User user = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, User.class);

 Java 对象和 JSON 串的相互转换,代码如下:

package com.itheima.json;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

public class FastJsonDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1. 将Java对象转为JSON字符串
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setUsername("zhangsan");
        user.setPassword("123");

        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user);
        System.out.println(jsonString);//{"id":1,"password":"123","username":"zhangsan"}


        //2. 将JSON字符串转为Java对象

        User u = JSON.parseObject("{\"id\":1,\"password\":\"123\",\"username\":\"zhangsan\"}", User.class);
        System.out.println(u);


    }
}

5.查询和新增的案例 

1.查询所有

用来检查后端代码书写的正确(一步一步 的来) 

 代码

后端代码  

SelectAllServlet。java
package com.itheima.web;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.itheima.pojo.Brand;
import com.itheima.service.BrandService;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet("/selectAllServlet")
public class SelectAllServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private BrandService brandService = new BrandService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 调用Service查询
        List<Brand> brands = brandService.selectAll();

        //2. 将集合转换为JSON数据   序列化
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(brands);

        //3. 响应数据
        response.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write(jsonString);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

pom.xml

     <!--fastjson-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.62</version>
        </dependency>

前端代码  

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="addBrand.html"><input type="button" value="新增"></a><br>
<hr>
<table id="brandTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
    <tr>
        <th>序号</th>
        <th>品牌名称</th>
        <th>企业名称</th>
        <th>排序</th>
        <th>品牌介绍</th>
        <th>状态</th>
        <th>操作</th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="center">
        <td>1</td>
        <td>三只松鼠</td>
        <td>三只松鼠</td>
        <td>100</td>
        <td>三只松鼠,好吃不上火</td>
        <td>启用</td>
        <td><a href="#">修改</a> <a href="#">删除</a></td>
    </tr>

    <tr align="center">
        <td>2</td>
        <td>优衣库</td>
        <td>优衣库</td>
        <td>10</td>
        <td>优衣库,服适人生</td>
        <td>禁用</td>

        <td><a href="#">修改</a> <a href="#">删除</a></td>
    </tr>

    <tr align="center">
        <td>3</td>
        <td>小米</td>
        <td>小米科技有限公司</td>
        <td>1000</td>
        <td>为发烧而生</td>
        <td>启用</td>

        <td><a href="#">修改</a> <a href="#">删除</a></td>
    </tr>
</table>

<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>

<script>
    //1. 当页面加载完成后,发送ajax请求
    window.onload = function () {
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        axios({
            method:"get",
            url:"http://localhost:8080/brand-demo/selectAllServlet"
        }).then(function (resp) {
            //获取数据
            let brands = resp.data;
            let tableData = " <tr>\n" +
                "        <th>序号</th>\n" +
                "        <th>品牌名称</th>\n" +
                "        <th>企业名称</th>\n" +
                "        <th>排序</th>\n" +
                "        <th>品牌介绍</th>\n" +
                "        <th>状态</th>\n" +
                "        <th>操作</th>\n" +
                "    </tr>";

            for (let i = 0; i < brands.length ; i++) {
                let brand = brands[i];

                tableData += "\n" +
                    "    <tr align=\"center\">\n" +
                    "        <td>"+(i+1)+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.brandName+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.companyName+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.ordered+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.description+"</td>\n" +
                    "        <td>"+brand.status+"</td>\n" +
                    "\n" +
                    "        <td><a href=\"#\">修改</a> <a href=\"#\">删除</a></td>\n" +
                    "    </tr>";
            }

            // 设置表格数据
            document.getElementById("brandTable").innerHTML = tableData;
        })
    }



</script>


</body>
</html>

2.新增

 

 后端代码

AddServlet.java
package com.itheima.web;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.itheima.pojo.Brand;
import com.itheima.service.BrandService;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/addServlet")
public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private BrandService brandService = new BrandService();

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1. 接收数据,request.getParameter 不能接收json的数据
       /* String brandName = request.getParameter("brandName");
        System.out.println(brandName);*/

        // 获取请求体数据
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        String params = br.readLine();

        // 将JSON字符串转为Java对象
        Brand brand = JSON.parseObject(params, Brand.class);


        //2. 调用service 添加
        brandService.add(brand);

        //3. 响应成功标识
        response.getWriter().write("success");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加品牌</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>添加品牌</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
    品牌名称:<input id="brandName" name="brandName"><br>
    企业名称:<input id="companyName" name="companyName"><br>
    排序:<input id="ordered" name="ordered"><br>
    描述信息:<textarea rows="5" cols="20" id="description" name="description"></textarea><br>
    状态:
    <input type="radio" name="status" value="0">禁用
    <input type="radio" name="status" value="1">启用<br>

    <input type="button" id="btn"  value="提交">
</form>

<script src="js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>

<script>
    //1. 给按钮绑定单击事件
    document.getElementById("btn").onclick = function () {
        // 将表单数据转为json
        var formData = {
            brandName:"",
            companyName:"",
            ordered:"",
            description:"",
            status:"",
        };
        // 获取表单数据
        let brandName = document.getElementById("brandName").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.brandName = brandName;

        // 获取表单数据
        let companyName = document.getElementById("companyName").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.companyName = companyName;

        // 获取表单数据
        let ordered = document.getElementById("ordered").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.ordered = ordered;

        // 获取表单数据
        let description = document.getElementById("description").value;
        // 设置数据
        formData.description = description;

        let status = document.getElementsByName("status");
        for (let i = 0; i < status.length; i++) {
            if(status[i].checked){
                //true
                formData.status = status[i].value ;
            }
        }

        //打印到控制台
        console.log(formData);
        //2. 发送ajax请求
        axios({
            method:"post",
            url:"http://localhost:8080/brand-demo/addServlet",
            data:formData //添加
        }).then(function (resp) {
            // 判断响应数据是否为 success
            if(resp.data == "success"){
                location.href = "http://localhost:8080/brand-demo/brand.html";
            }
        })
    }



</script>
</body>
</html>

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